Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, WorldFish "The Role of Fish for Nutrition and Health"
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Transcript of Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, WorldFish "The Role of Fish for Nutrition and Health"
The Role of Fish for Nutrition and Health: Bangladesh as a case study
Shakuntala Haraksingh ThilstedSenior Nutrition Scientist, WorldFish
Fish and Bangladesh
- Rich water and fisheries resources: inland, coastal and marine
- Important for food, livelihood and income, especially of the rural poor
- Low intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals, fat and essential fatty acids, animal protein
- Population groups relying on fish as a common food suffer disproportionately from malnutrition
- Fish in food-based approaches:Applicable to many population groups in other low-income African and Asian countries
Consumption of Nutrient-rich Foods in Bangladesh
Frequency of consumption of nutrient-rich foods in the preceding 14 days (% of households) (BBS Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Fish Leafy vegetable Fruit Egg Milk Meat
% o
f h
ou
seh
old
s
7-14 days consumption
0-6 days consumption
Small Fish Species Improve Dietary Diversity
• Common food eaten with rice
• Adds flavour and taste to the meal
• Improves dietary diversity
• Cooked with vegetables, oil and spices, further improves dietary diversity, adding nutrients and health-promoting substances
• Processed (dried), stored - prolonging duration of consumption, reach
• Irreplaceable animal-source food• Rich source of multiple nutrients • Animal protein• Essential fats• Essential micronutrients: minerals and
vitamins• Enhances mineral bioavailability from foods
in the meal
Decrease in Capture FisheriesDramatic Success in Aquaculture
• Capture Fisheries:
- total no. of all species
consumed: 100 per year- small fish species: 85 % of
total amount consumed- frequent harvesting of small amounts of fish for consumption
• Aquaculture:
- large fish species - very few species (carps, tilapia, pangasius
- harvesting at one time for sale
Nutrient Content of Small and Large Fish Species
Nutrient content of small indigenous and cultured fish species in Bangladesh
VITAMIN A CALCIUM IRON ZINC
FISH SPECIES(RAE/100 g raw,
edible parts)
(mg/100 g raw,
edible parts)
(mg/100 g raw,
edible parts)
(mg/100 g raw,
edible parts)
Small indigenous fish species
Chanda (Parambassis baculis) - 1,153 2.1 2.6
Darkina (Esomus danricus) 880 775 12.0 4.0
Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) 2,680 776 5.7 3.2
Puti (Puntius sophore) 60 1,042 3.3 3.8
Cultured fish species
Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) - 8.6 0.7 0.6
Silver carp (Hypophthamichthys molitrix) < 30 36 4.4 1.4
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) < 30 95 1.1 1.2
Perceptions of Health Benefits of Specific Small Fish Species (by Bangladeshi Women): good for/protect eyes; full of vitamins; good for pregnancy and lactation; gives strength; builds
up blood
Innovative Production Technologies for Small Fish
• Sustainable management of wetlands with enhanced stocking of nutrient-rich small fish
• Small-scale homestead pond polycultureof carps and nutrient-rich small fish (mola)- small fish for household intake- carps for household income
• Integration of:- Production of nutrient-rich vegetables in homestead and on pond dykes
- Behaviour change communication on essential nutrition and hygiene actions
- Gender equity
Increased Fish Production Alone is Insufficient
• Behaviour Change Communication: for increased fish consumption, especially at the start of complementary feeding
• Improvement in Post-harvest Processes: processing (drying), storage, marketing, food safety, cooking methods
• Reduction of Spoilage and Wastage
• Increased Use of Small Marine Fish for Human Consumption present use: fish meal and fish oil
Nutrient composition of fish-based complementary food
(per 100 g dry product)
15% dried darkina fish, 30% orange sweet potato flour, 10% soybean oil, 45% rice flour
Energy Protein Fat Iron Zinc Calcium Vit A
420 kcal 12 g 13 g 15 mg 4.5 mg 895 mg 836 RAE
Fish and Fish Products in 1,000 Days and Beyond
• Fish chutney for women and adolescent girls: dried small fish, onion, garlic, chili and oil – community-based income generation for women
• Business Analysis and Plan: e.g. source and price of ingredients; manufacturing, shelf life, marketing, demand
Moving Forward
• Data Needs – fish species nutrient composition, intra-household consumption, enhancing factor of fish on bioavailability
• Scaling Out of Production Systems with small fish species • Focus on Food Systems and Diet – not single food / nutrient• Partnership and Collaboration