Shakespeare: His Life and Times Adapted from muckerrm/English_321_S2005/Introduction.ppt.
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Transcript of Shakespeare: His Life and Times Adapted from muckerrm/English_321_S2005/Introduction.ppt.
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Shakespeare: His Life and Times
Adapted from http://www.public.asu.edu/~muckerrm/English_321_S2005/Introduction.ppt
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Early Life
• Born 1564—died 1616• Stratford-upon-Avon• Parents: John and Mary Arden
Shakespeare• Mary—daughter of wealthy landowner• John—glovemaker, local politician
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From: http://www.where-can-i-find.com/tourist-maps.html
Location of Stratford-upon-Avon
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As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896).
Stratford-on-Avon in Shakespeare’s Time
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From Stratford’s web site: http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/index.htm
Stratford-upon-Avon Today
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
Shakespeare’s Birthplace
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• Probably attended King’s New School in Stratford
• His school day was long and rigorousEducated in:
-Rhetoric-Logic-History-Latin
• Shakespeare dropped out of ‘middle school’ when his father lost his fortune
Education
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
King’s New School
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• Married in 1582 to Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant at the time with their first daughter
• Had twins in 1585- Hamnet & Judith• Hamnet died from the plague at age 11
• Sometime between 1583-1592, he moved to London and began working in theatre.
• The years 1583-1592 are know as ‘The Lost Years’• No one know where he was, or what he
was doing during those years
Married Life
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From: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/danielle.esposito/
Anne Hathaway’s Cottage
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• Member and later part-owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, later called the King’s Men
• Globe Theater built in 1599 with Shakespeare as primary investor
• Burned down in 1613 during one of Shakespeare’s plays
Theatre Career
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The Rebuilt Globe Theater, London
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The Globe Theater
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The Plays
• 38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare
• 14 comedies• 10 histories• 10 tragedies• 4 romances
• Possibly wrote three others• Collaborated on several others
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• Two major poems• Venus and Adonis• Rape of Lucrece
• 154 Sonnets• Numerous other poems
The Poetry
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Shakespeare’s Death
• Shakespeare died on April 23rd, 1616• Not exactly sure what he died from
– History says he drank too much wine and ate too many pickled herrings
• In his will, Shakespeare left money, horses, stables, etc. to his two sons-in-law
• But only left his wife one thing- the “second-best bed” – Was he trying to make a point?
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Shakespeare’s Death• Shakespeare is buried in
Holy Trinity Church in his birth village of Stratford.
• His grave is covered by a flat stone that bears an epitaph warning of a curse to come upon anyone who moves his bones.
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did NOT write in “Old English.”
• Old English is the language of Beowulf:Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunonHu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon!
(Hey! We have heard of the glory of the Spear-Danes in the old days, the kings of tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did not write in “Middle English.”
• Middle English is the language of Chaucer, the Gawain-poet, and Malory:
We redeth oft and findeth y-write—And this clerkes wele it wite—Layes that ben in harpingBen y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare wrote in “Early Modern English.”
• EME was not very different from “Modern English,” except that it had some old holdovers.
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare coined many words we still use today:• Critical• Majestic• Dwindle
• And quite a few phrases as well:• One fell swoop• Flesh and blood• Vanish into thin air
See http://www.wordorigins.org/histeng.htm
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Shakespeare’s Language
• A mix of old and very new• Rural and urban words/images• Understandable by the lowest
peasant and the highest noble
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Elizabethan Theatrical
Conventions
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A theatrical convention is a
suspension of reality.
No electricity
Women forbidden
to act on stage
Minimal, contemporary
costumes
Minimal scenery
These control the dialogue.These control the dialogue.
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Audience loves to be scared.
Audience loves to be scared.
Soliloquy
Aside Types of speechTypes of speech
Blood and gore
Use of supernatural
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Use of disguises/
mistaken identity
Multiple marriages
(in comedies)
Multiple murders
(in tragedies)
Last speaker—highest in
rank (in tragedies)