Shakespeare 1
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Transcript of Shakespeare 1
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Shakespeare: His Life and TimesShakespeare: His Life and Times
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Who was he?Who was he?
• Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English Literature.
• Poet and dramatist
• Wrote 38 plays – comedies, histories, tragedies.
• Composed about 154 sonnets and a few epic poems.
• Started out as an actor.
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Early LifeEarly Life
• Born 1564—died 1616
• Stratford-upon-Avon
• Parents: John Shakespeare and Mary Arden• Mary—daughter of wealthy landowner• John—glovemaker, local politician
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From: http://www.where-can-i-find.com/tourist-maps.html
Location of Stratford-upon-AvonLocation of Stratford-upon-Avon
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As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896).
Stratford-on-Avon in Shakespeare’s TimeStratford-on-Avon in Shakespeare’s Time
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From Stratford’s web site: http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/index.htm
Stratford-upon-Avon TodayStratford-upon-Avon Today
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Shakespeare’s BirthplaceShakespeare’s Birthplace
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• Attended grammar school in Stratford• Educated in:
• Rhetoric• Logic• History• Latin• Literature
EducationEducation
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• Married in 1582 to Anne Hathaway (who was eight years older than he) and had their first daughter, Susanna (1583).
• Had twins, Judith and Hamnet, in 1585. His only son, Hamnet, died as a young boy.
• Sometime between 1585-1592, he moved to London and began working in theatre.
Married LifeMarried Life
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Anne Hathaway’s CottageAnne Hathaway’s Cottage
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• Member and later part-owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men acting company, later called the King’s Men
• Globe Theater built in 1599 by L.C.M. with Shakespeare as primary investor
• The Globe Theatre burned down in 1613 during one of Shakespeare’s plays
Theatre CareerTheatre Career
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The Globe Theater 1599The Globe Theater 1599
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The Rebuilt Globe Theater, LondonThe Rebuilt Globe Theater, London
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The Globe TheaterThe Globe Theater
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The New Globe Theater 1999The New Globe Theater 1999
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The PlaysThe Plays
• 38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare• comedies• histories• tragedies
• Possibly wrote three others• Collaborated on several others• Which plays have you heard of?
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ComediesComedies
• The Taming of the Shrew
• Much Ado About Nothing
• As You Like I
• Twelfth Night
• A Midsummer Night’s Dream
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TragediesTragedies
• Hamlet
• Romeo and Juliet
• Othello
• King Lear
• Macbeth
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HistoriesHistories
• Henry V• Henry VIII• King John• Richard II• Richard III
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• Two major poems• Venus and Adonis• Rape of Lucrece
• 154 Sonnets• Numerous other poems
The PoetryThe Poetry
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did NOT write in “Old English.”
• Old English is the language of Beowulf:Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunonHu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon!
(Hey! We have heard of the glory of the Spear-Danes in the old days, the kings of tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare did not write in “Middle English.”
• Middle English is the language of Chaucer, the Gawain-poet, and Malory:
We redeth oft and findeth y-write—And this clerkes wele it wite—Layes that ben in harpingBen y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare wrote in “Early Modern English.”• EME was not very different from “Modern English,” except that it had some old holdovers.
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Shakespeare’s Language
• Shakespeare coined many words we still use today:
• Critical• Majestic• Dwindle
• And quite a few phrases as well:• One fell swoop• Flesh and blood• Vanish into thin air
See http://www.wordorigins.org/histeng.htm
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Shakespeare’s Language
• A mix of old and very new• Rural and urban words/images• Understandable by the lowest peasant and the highest noble
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Elizabethan Theatrical
Conventions
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A theatrical convention is a
suspension of reality.
No electricity
Women forbidden
to act on stage
Minimal, contemporary
costumes
Minimal scenery
These control the dialogue.These control the dialogue.
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Audience loves to be scared.
Audience loves to be scared.
Soliloquy
Aside Types of speechTypes of speech
Blood and gore
Use of supernatural
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Use of disguises/
mistaken identity
Multiple marriages
(in comedies)
Multiple murders
(in tragedies)
Last speaker—highest in
rank (in tragedies)