S&H Machinery p1

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Safety and healthin the use of machinery


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ILO code of practice

Safety and health

in the use of machinery

International Labour Office Geneva


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Copyright © International Labour Organization 2013First published 2013

Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copy-right Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, oncondition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should bemade to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22,Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications.

Libraries, institutions and other user s registered with reproduction rights organizations m ay make copiesin accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduc-tion rights organization in your country.

ILOSafety end health in the use of machinery. ILO code of practiceGeneva, International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment, 2013

ISBN 978-92-2-127725-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-2-127726-2 (web pdf)

occupational safety / occupational health / hazard / protective equipment / machinery / code of practice13.04.2

Also available in French: La sécurité et la santé dans l’utilisation des machines (ISBN 978-92-2-227725-4),Geneva, 2013, and in Spanish: Seguridad y salud en la utilización de la maquinaria (ISBN 978-92-2-327725-3),Geneva, 2013.

ILO Catalog uing in Publicat ion Data

The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice,and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the partof the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.

The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solelywith their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Officeof the opinions expressed in them.

Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the Inter national Labour Office , and any failure to mention a part icular firm, commer cial pr oduct o r process is not a sign of di sapproval.

ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or I LO local officesin many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22,Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from the above address,or by email: [email protected]

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Code: DTP-CAD-CORR-NOU-IMPR


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Preface

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Safety and health in the use of machinery

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VII

List of participants

Chairperson

Experts appointed after consultations with governments

Adviser


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International governmental and non-governmental organizations

represented

ILO secretariat


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Contents

XI

Contents

Preface


Introduction 1

Part I. General requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. General provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2. General obligations, responsibilities and duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

12

22

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. . . . . . . . . . . 43

3. General statements on the working environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45


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4. Control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

5. Machinery guarding and protection

against mechanical hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

6. Machinery guarding and protection

against other hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67


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Contents

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7. Information and marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

machinery types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79


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Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

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1

Introduction

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Figure 1. Division of responsibilities for ensuring safety in the useof machinery during its life cycle

Responsibility of designers, manufacturers,suppliers

Responsibility of employers

d e s i g n

m a n

u f a c t u

r i n g

s u p p l y i n

g

i n s t a l l i n

g

c h o o s i n g a n d b u y i n g

u s e

i n s p e c t i o n

m

a i n t e n a n c e

m

o d i fi c a t i o n

d e c o m

m i s s i o n i n g

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2

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Guidelines on Occu-

pational Safety and Health Management Systems (ILO–OSH 2001),


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Introduction

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P ART I. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS


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1. General provisions

1.1. Scope and application

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1.2. Objectives

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1.3. Hierarchy of controls

1.4. Definitions

– Competent authority:

– Competent person:

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– Dangerous occurrence:


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General provisions

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– Employer:

– Fault tolerance: Ability of a functional unit to continue to per-

– Guard: -

– Hazard

– Incident: An unsafe occurrence arising out of or in the course of

– Life cycle:

– Machinery:

– Maintenance: -


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– Manufacturers: -

– OSH management system: A set of interrelated or interacting

– Protective device:

– Risk: -

– Risk assessment:

– Safety and health committee:

– Supplier: -

– Worker: -


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General provisions

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– Workers’ representative: -

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2. General obligations, responsibilitiesand duties

2.1. Roles and obligations of the competent authority

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General obligations, responsibilities and duties

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2.2. General responsibilities of designers and manufacturers

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New machine or periodic review,or modified machine

Determine the range of uses of the machine (a)

Identify hazard (b)

Eliminate hazards where practicable (c)

Estimate risk (d)

Are somehazards left?

Evaluate the risk (e)

Is risk adequatelycontrolled?


Apply protective measure (f)

ENDrisk reduction

process

Yes

No

No No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Are there new

risks due tothe change?

Figure 2. Iterative risk assessment and reduction process


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No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

NoYes

Machine

Fluid is flammable and heated above flashpoint

Possible that fluid gets heated above flashpoint

Heating is controlled

Install safety device to ensure heating is belowflashpoint, remove source of emission, etc.

Cleaning fluid, electrically heated and pumped through the system weekly.Fluid is flammable and toxic to humans

END riskreductionprocess



Product mixer

Change fluid to a flammable non-toxic one


Are there newrisks due tothe change?

Figure 3. Example of the iterative risk assessment and reduction processfor machinery involving flammable fluid where the hazardcan be eliminated


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No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

NoYes

Power concrete saw

Dust generated during cutting

Dust is toxic to humans

Dust emission controlled

Install water reservoirs/spray nozzle

END riskreductionprocess

Saw cut concrete materials

Dust generated during cutting

Elimination of dust is not possible




Are there newrisks due tothe change?

Figure 4. Example of the iterative risk assessment and reduction processfor a power concrete saw where the hazard cannot be eliminatedbut is controlled


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2.2.14. Instructions

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2.3. General responsibilities of suppliers

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2.4. General responsibilities of employers

2.4.1. Occupational safety and health policy and organization

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2.4.2. Buying and selecting machinery

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2.4.3. Inspection of machinery


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2.4.4. Risk assessment and risk reduction

Risk assessment and reduction process for employers

1. Introduction

likelihood

severity


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2. General requirements

3. Outline of the risk assessment procedure

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and

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Likelihood:

Severity:


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4. Risk control

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5. Maintaining and documenting risk control processes

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2.4.5. Recording and documentation

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2.4.6. Use of machinery


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2.4.7. Maintenance

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