SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000 New Technologies for Rural...
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Transcript of SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000 New Technologies for Rural...
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
New Technologies for Rural Accessibility
Introduction to ITU-D Focus Group 7’s Final Report
INFOETHICS2000
Yasuhiko KAWASUMI
November 13, 2000, Paris
<www7.itu.int/itudfg7>
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Focus Group 7 BackgroundFocus Group 7 Background
Topic of study formulated at WTDC98 (Valleta, Malta)
“Study various mechanism by which to promote the development of new telecommunication technologies for rural applications”
Funded by a Voluntary Contribution from the Government of Japan
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
FG7 Activities 1999 - 2000
Case Library: 57 project reports collected and available on-line
FG7 Web Site: Over 1000 visitors from more than 60 countries
Number of FG7 registered members: 81
Discussion groups via email, archived on-line
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Collection of Case Reports on;
a) ongoing projects using technologies specially designed for rural areas of developing countries including Multipurpose Community Tele-center, Telemedicine and Tele-education;
b) planned projects that make new combinations linked with WLL networks;
c) examples of how equipment has been adapted for use in particular, harsh climatic or other conditions of remote and rural areas, such as solar powered telephone
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Focus Group aimed; a)to select those types of project or system
that have social or economic importance but limited commercial profitability, so that the ITU can focus special support upon such projects in helping to develop technology for rural applications;
b)to list new measures to be taken by ITU-D to encourage manufacturers and relevant organizations to create technology tailored to developing countries;
c)among those measure, to recommend priorities that ITU-D should follow to help achieve the development of technology for rural applications.
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Characteristics of Rural Areas
- scarcity of absence of public facilities such as reliable electricity supply, water, access roads and regular transport;
- scarcity of technical personnel - difficult topographical conditions, e.g. lakes, rivers, hills,
mountains or desserts which render the construction of telecommunications networks very costly
- severe climatic conditions that make critical demands on the equipment
- low level of economic activity mainly based on agriculture, fishing, handicrafts, etc.;
- low per capita income - underdeveloped social infrastructure(health, education,
etc): - low population density;
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
FG7 Findings: Applications
Source: Freeplay Foundation
Women in Mozambique listening to broadcasts on a clockwork-powered radio
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Disadvantage of Rural Areas
a) Low educational level, high illiteracy rate b) Hardly any job opportunities c) Low income per capita and per family d) Increasing migration of the young to
urban centers e) Unreliable and badly functioning public transport f) Irregular, if any, power supply g) Poor health care and medical services h) Lack of other government services i) Little participation in national affairs
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Community and Business Development Applications
Multipurpose Community
Telecenters (MCTs)
Equipment layout at the Valle de Angeles MCT
Telephone-based Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
Three access options for delivering relevant information to rural communities over the PSTN
(Source: RiSTi - Telkom Indonesia)
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Videophone Telemedicine in Indonesia
Telemedicine
Electrocardiogram monitor that transmits patient data over a
regular telephone line
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
African Virtual University
Tele-education
AVU classroom at the Ethiopian Civil Service College (left)
New Skies Satellite
Uplink Facility
(Washington D.C., Europe,
Canada
Content Provider
(university or studio)
Partner Institutions
(Africa)
ClassroomClassroom
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Trends in rural applications
Specialized expertise used to design applications in education, health care, administration, etc.
Widespread adoption of Internet platform and multimedia content
Presence of multiple actors: PTOs, Governments, NGOs, UN Agencies
Lack of telecom connectivity still #1 barrier in rural areas
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
FG7 Findings: Technologies
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
GSM 400 IMT-2000 Wireless routers Two-way satellite
Internet access
VHF radio PMP/Cordless WLL VSAT Digital satellite
radio
EMERGINGEXISTING
Wireless Access Technologies
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Example: Point-to-Multipoint / PHS - Wireless Local Loop
NMS
Base Station (control part)
Radio Unit
Base Station (radio part)
TDMA 2.4 GHzPHS WLL 1.9 GHz
Remote Tower
Remote Tower
Remote Station Fixed Station
Source: Japan Radio Company, Ltd
Local Exchange with V5.2 interface
New Wireless Combinations
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Gateway to PSTN
Wireless IP Phone Network
WAN link over rough terrain
Wireless IP-Based Networks at PSTN Edge
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Solar Power
Wind Energy
Micro Hydro
Powering rural and remote telecom installations
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Source: World Bank, Users' Guide to Off-Grid Energy Solutions.http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/off_grid
Device Typical useper day
12 - 18Black and white TV 2 - 640 - 120Colour TV 2 - 620 - 40Video casette player 1 - 45 - 80Radio cassette player w/speakers 2 - 12
350 - 500Desktop computer and monitor 4 - 820 - 40Laptop computer 4 - 85 - 10Two-way radio (standby) 12
40 - 50Two-way radio (transmitting) 0.5 - 330 - 60Fax/answering machine continuous
(hours)
Typical powerconsumption
(watts)
Meeting small-scale rural power requirements
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1000
EmailAppliance
DigitalSatelliteRadio
Cellular Phone
PC + monitor
Ret
ail
Pri
ces,
US
$Price Range for Low-End Multimedia Devices,
September 2000
HandheldComputer
Taking advantage of low-cost multimedia devices
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
The client/server model is the design paradigm of the World Wide Web.
Providing rural access to information through client/server computing
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
To install a pre-configured email appliance:
insert batteries plug in telephone
line turn on machine
To install PC-based email:
connect hard disk drive, monitor, keyboard and mouse
plug computer & monitor into 110/220 AC outlet
boot up the hard drive navigate the file
management system install email software configure dial-up access
number, modem rate, SMTP server, etc.
Lowering the technical skills barrier using information appliances
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Source: Byte Magazine, www.byte.com
Shifting hardware and software maintenance to urban areas using thin
client networks
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Modularity and scalability
Use of wireless technologies
Low frequency bands
Remote network management
Simple configuration & operation
16. Guidelines for rural ICT designers I
Guidelines for Rural ICTs
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Accessible user interface
Long life cycle
Multi-user terminals
Standards compliance
Low power requirements
Guidelines for Rural ICTs (con’t.)
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Barriers in Question
Coordination of Frequencies under 1GHz with regional and national authorities;
Concern about the high license fee for frequency spectrum;
International Charging Arrangements for Internet Services(ICAIS)
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
4. Focus Group Recommendations
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
1. Promote the development of low-cost information appliances for rural use.
2. Create a renewable energy handbook on small-scale power systems for rural ICTs.
3. Increase collaboration with microfinance organizations to develop communication-based rural businesses and applications.
4. Conduct pilot projects of packet-based wireless access infrastructure for multimedia applications.
5. Maintain and expand FG7 Web site.
6. Hold a symposium on new technologies for rural applications.
Focus Group 7 Recommendations
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Conclusions
The goal of “Missing Link” report in 1985; “To bring telephone service within the easy reach of all humankind”
As the gap of “haves” and “have-nots” are closing, new gaps are widening The new goal of the ITU Secretary General “To bring internet services to all humankind within a decade in the new
millennium”
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Conclusions-cont’d
1)Choice of technology for rural access is one of the key issues.
2)Linking suppliers and implementers on the web. By providing the comprehensive catalogue with contact information is useful
3) Shared use concept is useful for making ICT terminals and facilities at community centers available at affordable cost.
4)Wireless access system such as FWA, VSATs are effective means of establishing infrastructure in rural areas; less cost and easy installation over the wired system.
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Conclusions-cont’d
5)IP based network is more economical and flexible than circuit switched network. Emerging packet based wireless access technologies such as IMT-2000 and wireless routers, are being designed to deliver wide range of traffic types more efficiently than traditional wired and cellular telephony network.
SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000
Conclusions-cont’d
6)Collaboration for promotion of rural projects among multi-actors such as PTO’s, Governments, UN Agencies, and NGOs etc. should be encouraged.
7) Participation of women and the youth for promotion of information access for rural community should be encouraged.
8) Visit to <www7.itu.int/itudfg7>