SEWER SYSTEM STABILITY - Usta Tunja. Sewer Syste… · calcium aluminate. Font: Effectiveness of...
Transcript of SEWER SYSTEM STABILITY - Usta Tunja. Sewer Syste… · calcium aluminate. Font: Effectiveness of...
SEWER SYSTEM STABILITY
TOPICS:
– HYDRAULIC CONSIDERATIONS
– INSTALLATION CONDITIONS
– CORROSION IN SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
SEWER SYSTEM STABILITY
HYDRAULIC
CONSIDERATIONSCLASSIFICATION OF PIPE WALLS:
SMOOTH WALL: Concrete pipe, PE, GRP, PVC
ROUGH WALL: Steel, stone sewer and brick sewer
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
MANNING COEFICIENT
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE YEAR TITLE CONCRETE PVC
Universidad de Alberta,
Canada1986
Study of Manning´s roughness
coefficient for comercial
concrete an plastic pipe
n = 0.010 n=0.009
Universidad de Utah,
EEUU1986
Friction factor test on concrete
pipe
n=0.010 a tubo lleno
'n=0.010 a tubo
parcialmente lleno
Universidad de
Minnesota, EEUU, 1946
Manning coefficient for pipes
flowing full n=0.010 a tubo lleno
Centro tecnico CERIB,
Francia1997
Estudio tuberías concreto y
plastico
Formula Manning
70<k<90;
0.011<n<0.143
70<k<90;
0.011<n<0.143
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
MANNING COEFICIENT
FIELD TESTResponsible: Environmental Department of AlbertaCanada
(16 PVC and Concrete sewer systems. Edmonton city).
Activities: Flow measurement, flow velocity, depth inthe manhole and average slope.
Results:
DIAMETRO
(in) PVC CONCRETO
24 0,018 0,018
36 0,019 0,016
48 0,017 0,018
Coeficiente n
MANNING COEFICIENT
RECOMENDATIONS
INSTITUTION YEAR TITLE CONCRETE PVC
American Society of
Civil Engineer1993
"Standard guidelines for
installation of urban subsurface
dranaige". Tabla 7-1
n = 0.010-0.014 n=0.010-0.013
American Society of
Civil Engineer1982
Gravity Sanitary sewer desing
and constructionn=0.011-0.015 n=0.011-0.015
Ministerio de desarrollo
economico2000
Reglamento técnico del sector
de agua potable y saneamiento
básico. Tabla D 2.2
n=0.011-0.015 n=0.010-0.015
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
PROTECTION
STRUCTURES
PROTECTION
STRUCTURES
BOX CULVERT
CORROSION IN
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
Corrosion is an imminent process
in nature that affects all types of
materials. In sewer systems, the
corrosion process caused by
microorganisms, also known as
biogenic sulfuric acid attack, has
been studied. This affects the
structural integrity of the concrete
drainage pipes and the sewage
treatment plants.
Fig 1. Main outlet pipe of deep sewerage system in Mexico City
affected by biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion
Fig 2. Biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion of concrete sewege
system of Flanders (Belgium)
HISTORY
1900
1936
1945
The first research was
carried out in California,
where a rapid and extensive
degradation of the concrete
structures in the sewerage
system was seen.
The reaction that occurred in
the drainage pipes was
considered a purely chemical
process.
Parker separated and assigned
responsibility for the corrosion
process to the acidophilic
organisms
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
DESCRIPTION OF THE
CORROSION PROCESS
Font: Durability of concrete exposed to sulfuric attack
CONCRETE CORROSION
Fig 3. Corrodep pipe
Font: Biogenic Sulfuric Acid corrosion of concrete: microbial
interaction, simulation and prevention
The goal of most of the research projects that have studied BSA
corrosion is to seek a solution or possible mitigation of this
pathology. With this in mind, researchers have tried to control the
stages that occur in the process, developing techniques that
increase the strength of concrete, prevent the formation of hydrogen
sulfide, or act as bactericides.
METHODS OF CORROSION
CONTROL
TYPE I: CONTROL OF
HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
The emission and production of hydrogen sulfide inside the sewerage
systems is one of the important stages in the corrosion process
caused by sulfuric acid.
DECREASE IN THE
CONCENTRATION OF SULFATES
• Electrodialysis
• Ion exchange
• Reverse osmosis
• Addition of chemical compounds such as Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2 y Al2(OH)2
INCREASE IN REDOX POTENTIAL
TO CONTROL THE FORMATION
OF SULFUR
• Injection of air
• Injection of oxygen
• Addition of a nitrate solution
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
INHIBITION OF THE ACTIVITY OF
SULFUR-REDUCING BACTERIA
The use of caustic soda to raise pH levels is considered to be the most
common method of eliminating the activity of bacteria.
The rate of sulfur production in the biofilm decreases by between 70% -
90%
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
CHEMICAL REMOVAL OF
SULFURChemical
substance Reaction volume
Concentration of
sulfur upstream
(mg S L−1)
Average sulfur
removal (%) Cost (€ kg-1 S)
FeCl2·4H2O 59, 000 m3c More than 4.0 90 22.4–26.1
FeSO4·7H2O 25,000 m3 d−1 18.0–25.0 95–97 4.8
H2O2 25,000 m3 d−1 20 87–100 3.5
Cl2 90,000 m3 d−1 18 100 2.7
Cl2 – – – 2.8–4.2
NaClO 25,000 m3 d−1 20 96–100 2.6
Ca(ClO)2 25,000 m3 d−1 20 93–100 1.9
NaClO y
NaOHd25,000 m3 d−1 18.2 100 1.9
KMnO4 – – – 18.9–22.0
NaNO3 0.05 L 54 100 12.2
NaNO3 1.37 L 35 65 0.4
NaNO3 1.00 L 10.2 100 2.5
NaNO3 3.00 L 2.5–3.5 90–95 2.5–8.3
Nutriox™e 200 L 9.6 95 1.5
Ca(NO3)2 2000 m3 d−1 2.6 100 4.4
TYPE II: IMPLEMENTATION OF
ADDITIVES AND COATINGS
ON CONCRETE
• The techniques used in this type of control aim to increase the
durability, strength and properties of the concrete or the surface
of the concrete that is exposed to sulfuric acid attack, minimising
the impact of the attack or prolonging the service life of
structures.
SUPPLEMENTARY
CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
• Silicate hydrates
• Pozzolanic cement.
• Blast furnace slag.
• Silica fume.
• Fly ash.
• Limestone.
• Metakaolin.
Fuente: Durability of proprietary cementitious materials for usein wastewater transport systems.
Font: Durability of concrete exposed to sulfuric acid attack
POLYMER CONCRETE AND
POLYMER MODIFIERS
Polymer concrete is used in non-reinforced pipes with small diameter.
Some of the mechanical characteristics of these concretes are greater
than those of conventional concrete.
• Styrene-acrylic ester
• Styrene-butadiene
• Polyvinyl chloride
• Polyvinyl acetate latex
• Melamine
• Styrene-butadiene latexFont: Influence of polymer addition on biogenic sulfuric acid attack of concrete
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
• Epoxy.
• Polyurea.
• Polymer cement.
• Polyurethane.
• Mortar mixture prepared with a cement that has a high content of
calcium aluminate.
Font: Effectiveness of admixtures, surface treatments and antimicrobial compounds against biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion of concrete
FIBRE REINFORCEMENT
Microfibres and fibres are used to improve the toughness and impact
resistance of concrete.
Font: Enhancement of the durability characteristics of concrete nanocomposite pipes with modified graphite nanoplatelets.
TYPE III: ANTIMICROBIAL
METHODS
• The use of antimicrobial coatings such as nanomaterials,
metal oxides or additives that aim to reduce or eliminate the
activity of the various microorganisms in drainage pipes is a
relatively new field of research.
Melquisedec Cortés Zambrano IC, MSc, PhD (c)
• The addition of calcium protects the concrete
• Fibres treated with biocides.
• Zeolites.
Font: Hydrophilic and antimicrobial low-silica-zeolite LTA and
high-silica-zeolite MFI hybrid coatings on aluminum alloys
Font: Restistance of biofilm-covered mortars to microbiologically influenced deterioration simulated
by sulfuric acid exposure
Biofilm of Escherichia coli DH5
Font: Evaluation of the bactericidal characteristics of nano-copper oxide or functionalized zeolite coating for bio-corrosion control in concrete sewer
pipes
The copper nano oxides
Aydın, S., Yazıcı, H., Yiğiter, H., & Baradan, B. (2007). Sulfuric acid resistance of high-
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.024
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sulfuric acid attack with consecutive pH reduction. Cement and Concrete Research,
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Beving, D. E., O’Neill, C. R., & Yan, Y. (2008). Hydrophilic and antimicrobial low-silica-
zeolite LTA and high-silica-zeolite MFI hybrid coatings on aluminum alloys. Microporous
and Mesoporous Materials, 108(1–3), 77-85. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.03.029
Chen, G.-H., & Leung, D. H.-W. (2000). Utilization of oxygen in a sanitary gravity sewer.
Water Research, 34(15), 3813-3821. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-
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surface treatments and antimicrobial compounds against biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.004
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Composites, 33(2), 276-285. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.10.015
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