Sewage Treatment: Priliminary Treatment Units

8/13/2019 Sewage Treatment: Priliminary Treatment Units

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^rgcele`bry ]rgbtlg`t W`ets

Mr. Bjgpbte Q. Xgmmy

Qaoffc fi G`grdy b`m G`verf`lg`t]obpbr W`evgrsety, ^btebcb


2/56

Hbr Qargg`s


3/56

Qargg`s Ierst uèt usubccy gàfu`tgrgm e` tog Q]^

Elpfrtb`t tf bvfem mblbdg tf suhsgqug`t prfagss gqueplg`t

b`m eàrgbsg fvgrbcc trgbtlg`t rgcebhecety & giigatevg`gss ^rfvemgm f` aob``gcs abrrye`d tog sgwbdg b`m eàcumg

B hbr rbaj

Hbr rbje`d (acgbè`d) ibaecety

B pgrifrbtgm pcbtg

]glpfrbry stfrbdg prfvesef` ifr tog sarggè`ds

Fitg` ofusgm e` b sarggè`d aoblhgr (ei prfvemgm f` b` u`mgrdrfu`m sgwgr)

Baagss tf tog sargg`

Cg`dto fi tog aoblhgr sofucm hg suiieaeg`t tf baafllfmbtg tog sargg` b`m tog pgrifrbtgm pcbtg

tf ibaecetbtg acgbè`d fi tog bpprfbao aob``gc

Temto fi tog aoblhgr sofucm eàcumg

cb`me`d b`m wfrje`d spbag ifr tog wfrjgr

Qpbag ifr tglpfrbry stfrbdg fi tog sarggè`ds


4/56

Qargg`sBpprfbao aob``gc;

Qofucm obvg b strbedot bpprfbao

Dret b`m ogbvy lbtgrebcs sofucm `ft baaulucbtg getogrbogbm fi fr ifccfwe`d tog sargg` mure`d usg

Hbr sargg`/hbr rbaj (b sargg` weto pbrbccgc hbrs/rfms)

Hbrs; toeaj`gss, mgpto b`m cg`dto

Qpbae`d hgtwgg` hbrs b`m spbagr hbrs 87-7> ll (ifr lbùbc sargg`s) b`m 27-47 ll (ifr

lgaobèabc sargg`s)

Qpbagr hbr; cfabtgm hgoe`m (b`m pgrpg`meaucbr tf hbrs) futfi tog wby fi tog ce`gs fi tog rbjg b`m wgcmgm tf tog hbrs

B`dcg fi eàce`btef` fi tog sargg`; 1>-=7 irfl tog vgrteabcifr lbùbc sargg`s b`m >-1> ifr lgaobèabc sargg`s

^grifrbtgm mrbe`bdg pcbtg es prfvemgm bt tog tfp fi hbr rbajifr tglpfrbry stfrbdg b`m mrbe`bdg fi rbje`ds

Gvg` wog` icffmgm tog sgwbdg sofucm pbss tf tog ftogr semg

f`cy torfudo tog hbr sargg`


5/56

Irf`t vegw

]fp vegw

Hbr Qargg` b`m ^grifrbtgm Mrbe`e`d ^cbtg

Qemg vegw

Qpbae`d hbr

^brbccgc hbr

^grifrbtgm mrbe`e`d pcbtg


6/56

Qargg`s; Acbsseieabtef`

Afbrsg sargg`s (9-27> ll);

Wsgm tf prftgat pulps, vbcvgs, pepgce`gs b`m ftogr

bppurtg`bàgs irfl mblbdg fr acfdde`d

Hbr sargg`s - twf typgs - ob`m acgb`gm sargg`s b`mlgaobèabccy acgb`gm sargg`s

Aobe` mrevg` lgaobèabc sargg`s; Irf`t acgb` - irf`t rgtur` typg:Irf`t acgb` - hbaj rgtur` typg b`m Hbaj acgb` - hbaj rgtur` typg

Xgaeprfabte`d rbjg typg hbr sargg`s: Abtg`bry sargg`

Ie`g sargg`s (39 ll);

usubccy usgm bitgr tog afbrsg sargg`s tf prftgat tog prfagssgqueplg`t

Qtbtea wgmdg werg, mrul fr stgp typgs: Af`teùfus hgct sargg`

Learf sargg`s (37> learf`s)

usgm preàepbccy ifr tog rglfvbc fi ie`g sfcems irfl tog trgbtgmgiicug`t


7/56

Qargg`s; Mgsed` Af`semgrbtef`s Cfabtef` - e`stbccgm bogbm fi dret aoblhgrs b`m pulps

Bpprfbao vgcfaety;

>.1 tf >.9 l/sga ifr lbùbc sargg`s

>.1 tf 2.> l/sga ifr lgaobèabc sargg`s

Ygcfaety torfudo tog hbr sargg`;

sofucm hg 3>.5 l/sga. mure`d pgbj icfw

Hbr wemto; ab` hg 7 tf 27 ll Hbr mgpto; ab` hg 87-1? ll

Xgatb`ducbr hbrs (bcsf tgbrmrfp b`m trbpgzfembc hbrs) brgusgm - Temgr wemto melg`sef` es f` tog upstrgbl semg

Acgbr fpgè`ds fr spbae`d hgtwgg` hbrs

87-7> ll ifr lbùbc sargg`s

27-47 ll ifr lgaobèabc sargg`s

Qcfpg fi tog sargg` irfl tog vgrteabc;

1>-=7 ifr lbùbc sargg`s b`m >-1> ifr lgaobèabc sargg`s

Icbttgr b`dcg eàrgbsgs sargg` suhlgrdgm brgb


8/56

Qargg`s; Mgsed` Af`semgrbtef`s

Ogbm cfss torfudo tog sargg`s; 27> ll ifr lbùbc sargg`sb`m 27>-9>> ll ifr lgaobèabc sargg`s

Qarggè`ds ob`mce`d, prfagsse`d b`m mespfsbc

Qargg` rbje`d lgaobèsl

Mrbe`bdg pcbtg

]glpfrbry stfrbdg (ofppgrs fr af`tbe`grs)

Xglfvbc, trb`spfrt b`m mespfsbc - Af`vgyfrs/^`gulbteagkgatfrs lby hg usgm tf trb`spfrt sarggè`ds

Qarggè`ds dre`mgr lby hg usgm tf dre`m b`m sorgm togsarggè`ds b`m rgtur` tf tog wbstgwbtgr

Qarggè`ds brg mesaobrdgm mergatcy e`tf b ofppgr fr af`tbe`gr fr

e`tf b sarggè`d prgss Lgaobèabc sargg`s; 8 fr lfrg sargg`s brg prfvemgm tf

ibaecetbtg sargg` esfcbtef` & lbe`tg`bàg

Lbùbc sargg`; ^rfvemgm e` slbccgr Q]^s

Fitg` prfvemgm bs stb`mhy uèts - usgm bs b` fvgricfw mgveag

wog`gvgr tog lgaobèabc sargg`s brg e`-fpgrbtef`bc


9/56

Bpprfbao aob``gc

Ie`m wemto b`m scfpg fi tog bpprfbao aob``gcBssulg mgpto fi icfw mure`d pgbj icfw bs 8/1rmfi tog wemto

Ie`m vgcfaety mure`d bvgrbdg icfw b`m aogaj wogtogr et es 0>.1 l/sga.

^rfvemg 0>.8 l irgghfbrm ifr tog aob``gc

8218 ..2 QX`

YY es vgcfaety (l/sga.); >.9 l/sga. ifr mgsed` pgbj icfw

` es Lb``e`ds afgiieaeg t (>.>27 ifr af`argtg aob``gcs

b`m >.>21 ^YA aob``gcs

X es oymrbucea rbmeus (l) (rbtef fi icfw arfss sgatef`

brgb tf wgttgm pgrelgtgr)

Q es scfpg

T es wemto fi tog aob``gc (l)M es mgpto fi icfw (l)

R es icfw rbtg (l1/sga.)Mw

Rv

Mw

MwX

.

8

.

Bssulg M


10/56

Bpprfbao Aob``gc

Bpprfbao aob``gc cg`dto ab` hg 0= telgs tog aob``gc wemto

Ei tog sargg` es tf hg prfvemgm e` b sargg` aoblhgr tog` cg`dtofi tog sarggè`d aoblhgr ab` hg

Ei pgrifrbtgm pcbtg es pcb``gm fvgr tog aob``gc hgoe`m tog sargg`,ets ifft pre`t ab` hg 08 telgs tog aob``gc wemto

Temto fi tog sargg` aoblhgr ab` hg (1 telgs ets wemto) fr (aob``gcwemto +2.> l), woeaogvgr es cbrdgr

Baagss tf tog sargg` sofucm hg g`surgm

^rfvesef` ifr tglpfrbry stfrbdg fi sarggè`ds sofucm hg lbmg

Ifr lgaobèabccy acgb`gm sargg`s bmmetef`bc spbag ifr tog ibaecety

b`m bssfaebtgm lbaoe`gry sofucm hg prfvemgm

sgwgrtogfimeblgtgresM

aob``gctogfiwemtoesT

ofrezf`tbcirflsargg`fib`dcgèàce`btefes

MTTC aob``gcBpprfbao

8tb`1.>1

8


11/56

Hbr Qargg` Qpgaeieabtef`s

Mgaemg f` tog hbrs toeaj`gss b`m mgpto b`m f` tog spbae`d

hgtwgg` tog hbrs b`m ie`m tog ùlhgr fi hbrs `ggmgm

Mgaemg tog eàce`btef` b`dcg b`m ie`m fut cg`dto fi tog hbrs M/se`() + drfute`d rgquerglg`ts

(es eàce`btef` b`dcg irfl ofrezf`tbc)

Mgaemg f` tog spbagr hbrs (ùlhgr, sezg b`m cg`dto)

Mgaemg f` tog hbr rbaj drfute`d rgquerglg`tsMgaemg f` tog pgrifrbtgm mrbe` pcbtg tf hg usgm hgoe`m tog

sargg`

Temto ab` hg >.8l pcus wemto fi tog aob``gc

Cg`dto ab` hg 0 8 telgs tog wemto

2

hbrshgtwgg`hbr Qpbae`d]oeaj`gss

aob``gctogfiTemtoHbrsfi@ulhgr


12/56

Ogbm cfss barfss tog sargg`

Ogbm cfss torfudo b afbrsg sargg` ab` hg gstelbtgm hy

Ifr 7>% acfddgm sargg`s vgcfaety torfudo tog sargg` ab` hgtbjg` bs >.5 l/sga.

Mrfp prfvemgm mfw`strgbl tf sargg` lby hg drgbtgrtob` tog ogbm cfss barfss et wog` acfddgm ifr pgbjicfw af`metef`s

027> ll ifr lb`ubccy acgb`gm sargg`s

d

vY

AoC

8

2 88

A es mesaobrdg afgiieaeg`t

(tbjg` bs >.4 ifr acgb` sargg` b`m >.9 ifracfddgm sargg`)

Y es vgcfaety torfudo tog sargg`

v es bpprfbao vgcfaety

d es baagcgrbtef` mug tf drbvety


13/56

Qargg`s

Af`trfcs

Xbje`d lgaob`esls

Hbsgm f` meiigrg`tebc ogbm cfss torfudo tog sargg`(lgbsure`d wbtgr cgvgc hfto hgifrg b`m bitgr tog sargg`)

Hbsgm f` b telg acfaj (acgb`e`d bt prgmgtgrle`gm telge`tgrvbcs)

Icfw af`trfc/rgducbtef`

Qcemg dbtgs fr rgagssgs brg prfvemgm e` tog aob``gc, hftobogbm fi b`m hgoe`m tf ibaecetbtg mgwbtgre`d fi tog sargg`

Icfw es mevgrtgm torfudo b hypbss aob``gcs e` cbrdgre`stbccbtef`s weto tog ogcp fi scemg fr scueag dbtgs


14/56
http://members.aol.com/ErikSchiff/barscr1.gif


15/56

Qargg`s

Xgaeprfabte`d rbjg typg hbr sargg`s Xbjg lfvgs tf tog hbsg fi tog sargg`, g`dbdgs tog hbrs

b`m puccs sarggè`ds tf tog tfp fi tog sargg` ifr rglfvbc

Bcc pbrts rgquere`d lbe`tg`bàg brg bhfvg tog wbtgr ce`gb`m ab` hg gbsecy e`spgatgm b`m lbe`tbe`gm

Irf`t acgb` b`m irf`t rgtur` igbturg leèlezgs sfcems abrryfvgr

Obvg f`cy f`g rbjg b`m ogàg obvg celetgm abpbaety tfob`mcg ogbvy sarggè`ds cfbms

Oedo fvgrogbm acgbrbàg es rgquergm tf baafllfmbtg togrbjg lgaobèsl

Dret baaulucbtef` e` irf`t fi tog hbr ab` elpgmg rbjglfvglg`t


16/56


17/56

Qargg`sAbtg`bry sargg` B typg fi irf`t acgb`gm b`m irf`t rgtur` aobe` mrevg`

sargg`, hut obs `f suhlgrdgm sprfajgts

Xbjg es ogcm bdbe`st tog hbr rbaj hy wgedot fi tog aobe`(cgss sg`setevg tf hbr kblle`d hy ogbvy fhkgats)

Luctepcg acgbè`d gcglg`ts, sofrtgr acgbè`d ayacgs g`bhcgob`mce`d fi cbrdg fhkgats (vgry cettcg sarggè`ds abrryfvgr)

Aobe`s brg vgry ogbvy, eàce`btef` b`dcg fi tog sargg` es

oedogr (=1 tf 47) b`m ogàg cbrdg ifftpre`t Kbllgm rbajs ab` abusg lesbced`lg`t b`m wbrpbdg

Fpg` mgsed` ab` abusg fmfrs prfhcgl


18/56

Qargg`sAf`teùfus hgct sargg`

Et es b af`teùfus sgci-acgbè`d sarggè`d hgct tobt

rglfvgs ie`g b`m afbrsg sfcems

Fvgrobuce`d fr rgpcbaglg`t fi tog sarggè`d

gcglg`ts es telg af`sule`d b`m gxpg`sevg.

Qargg` fpgè`ds lby rb`dg irfl >.7 tf 1> ll b`m

ogàg hg usgm bs getogr bs b afbrsg sargg` fr bs b

ie`g sargg`

Obvg `f suhlgrdgm sprfajgts


19/56


20/56

Dret Qgpbrbtfrs


21/56

Dret rglfvbc ibaecetegs

Cfabtgm bitgr hbr sargg`s, bogbm fi wbstgwbtgr sulp b`mpulpsprfvemgm tf

^rftgat lfve`d lgaobèabc gqueplg`t irfl bhrbsef` b`mbh`frlbc wgbr (pulps, ag`treiudgs, vbcvgs, hgbre`ds, gta.)

Xgmuag ifrlbtef` fi ogbvy mgpfsets e` tb`js, hbse`s, pepgce`gs,aob``gcs, af`muets, ogbt gxaob`dgrs, gta.

Xgmuag irgqugày fi acgbè`d fi medgstgrs

Mgsed`gm ifr tog rglfvbc fi dret pbrteacgs fi sezg >.27 (2>> lgso)

fr >.82 ll (97 lgso) b`m spgaeiea drbvety 08.97 Qb`m, drbvgc, ae`mgrs, b`m ftogr ogbvy sfcem pbrteacgs obve`d oedo

spgaeiea drbvety b`m sgttce`d vgcfaetegs (0 frdbèa sfcems)


22/56

]ypgs fi dret aoblhgrs

Ofrezf`tbc icfw typg

Cf`d dret aob``gcs weto eìcug`t mestrehutef` dbtg b`m wger btgiicug`t g`mlfstcy lbùbc dret rglfvbcprgigrrgm ifr cfwicfws (32 LCM)

Ofrfzf`tbc dret aoblhgrs (squbrg sobpgm - ibaecetbtgs prfpgriuàtefè`d fi rbje`d lgaobèsllgaobèabc dret rglfvbc -

rgatb`ducbr aoblhgrs!

Bgrbtgm typgsperbc icfw bgrbtef` tb`j es usgmprgigrrgmifr cbrdgr icfws (08 LCM)

Yfrtgx typg

Ayce`mreabc tb`j weto tb`dg`tebc g`try fi icfw argbte`d vfrtgxicfw pbttgr`

Ag`treiudbc b`m drbvetbtef`bc ifrags abusg tog dret tf sgpbrbtg

Dret ayacf`gs (b`m oymrfacf`gs!)

^rgigrrgm ifr lfmgrbtg icfws (28 LCM)


23/56


24/56

QtfjgsCbw b`m tgrle`bc sgttce`dvgcfaety fi pbrteacg

@gt ifrag fi tog pbrteacg (lb) lbjgs tog pbrteacg tf baagcgrbtgTog` mrbd ifrag hgaflgs gqubc tf tog `gt fi drbvety ifrag b`m

hufyb`t ifrag, baagcgrbtef` fi tog pbrteacg hgaflgs zgrf b`mtog pbrteacg sgttcgs bt af`stb`t vgcfaety (tgrle`bc sgttce`d vgcfaety)

p

icuem

icuempbrteacg

m

p mA

dv

1

=

1=.>18=

XX

m@@

A

pp

X

mv@

Togrg

Togrg

2?

8

p

w

wp

p

md

v

Ifr cble`br icfw

p

w

wp

p mdv

11.1

Ifr turhucg`t icfw

es 2.>>1 x 2>-9


25/56

Mesargtg ^brteacg Qgttce`d

Qgttce`d tb`js brg mgsed`gm ifr b sgcgatgm mgsed` tgrle`bc

sgttce`d vgcfaety (vt)B pbrteacg es af`semgrgm bs rglfvgm ei et tfuaogs tog hfttfl

fi tog tb`j

Ifr 2>>% sgttce`d rglfvbc, pbrteacgs weto vttgrle`bc sgttce`dvgcfaety obvg tf hg suribag cfbme`dfr fvgricfw rbtg

E` b sgttce`d hbse` mgsed` sgttce`d vgcfaety, mgtg`tef` telg(OX]) b`m mgpto brg rgcbtgm

Batubc mgsed` tbjgs e`tf baafu`t tog giigat fi e`cgt b`m futcgtturhucg`ag, sofrt aerauete`d, scumdg stfrbdg, b`m vgcfaetydrbmeg`ts mug tf fpgrbtef` fi scumdg rglfvbc gqueplg`t

B

Rvt

telgMgtg`tef`mgpto]b`jvt

R es icfw rbtg

B es suribag brgb

B

ROv

TO

R

C

Ov

TO

Rv

TOvR

C

Ovv

v

C

v

O

t

t

o

o

ot

ot


26/56

B

Rvt

E`meabtgs dret rglfvbc giieaegày es e`mgpg`mg`t fi mgpto b`mmgtg`tef` telg fi tog aob``gc/aoblhgr

Mgpto ab` hg rgmuagmsafure`d prfhcgl es b celetbtefòfrezf`tbc icfw vgcfaety sofucm hg 3>.= l/sga.

Eàrgbsg fi mgpto fr wemto fi aob``gc rgmuags ofrezf`tbcicfw vgcfaety b`m rgsucts e` sgttce`d fi frdbèas

ps

i

JdmY

?

j mgpg`ms f` tog lbtgrebc hge`d safurgm(>.>= ifr uèdrbùcbr pbrteacgs b`m >.>9 ifrsteajy e`tgrcfajgm lbttgr)

p b`m brg mg`setegs fi pbrteacgs b`m cequem

m es pbrteacg meblgtgri es Mbray-Tgeshbao ireatef` ibatfr(eìcugàgm hy suribag rfudo`gss b`mrgy`fcms ùlhgr, gta.typeabc vbcugs >.>8->.>1

Ablp-Qoegcms gqubtef`

ifr safur vgcfaety



27/56

F`cy b irbatef` fi tog pbrteacgs weto tog tgrle`bc sgttce`dvgcfaety 3 mgsed` sgttce`d vgcfaety brg rglfvgm e` togsgttce`d tb`j


tm

tp

v

vrglfvgmIrbatef`

`

e

e

`

e

e

tm

tpe

tm

tp

tm

`

`v

v

m_v

v_rglfvgmirbatef`]ftbc

2

2

vtp es tgrle`bc sgttce`d vgcfaety

vtm es mgsed` tgrle`bc sgttce`d vgcfaety

_tmes irbatef` weto tgrle`bc sgttce`d vgcfaety 0vtm

m_ es tog irbatef` fi dret weto vtp

`ees tog irbatef` fi dret ibcce`d e` tog etoabtgdfry


28/56

Ofrezf`tbc icfw dret aob``gcs

Xgprgsg`tbtevg mgsed` mbtb

Ofrezf`tbc icfw vgcfaety; >.87>.= l/sga. (>.1) Ogbm cfss; 1>-=>% fi aob``gc mgpto (19%)

Bmmgm cg`dto ifr e`cgt b`m futcgt turhucgàg bccfwbàg; 87-7>%fi batubc cg`dto (1>%)

Bt tog mgsed` ofrezf`tbc icfw vgcfaety ogbvegr dret pbrteacgssgttcg woecg tog frdbèa pbrteacgs tg`m tf dgt rgsuspg`mgm

Icfw af`trfc sgatef` bt tog futcgt

^brbhfcea aob``gc arfss sgatef` es emgbc ei pbrsobcc iculg es usgm

Xgatb`ducbr aob``gc arfss sgatef` es emgbc ei prfpfrtef`bc wger

(sutrf wger) es usgm Obs esfcbte`d dbtg vbcvgs bt tog e`cgt

Obs prfvesef`s ifr mrbeè`d fut tog wbstgwbtgr b`m lbùbccyrglfve`d tog baaulucbtgm dret

Icfbte`d fec sgpbrbtef` es fitg` e`tgdrbtgm


29/56

1

88

1

854.=

7.>

7.>

bodbhAR

bohbR

m

7.>

2tb`

82

b

yhx

.lbx

.lbx

.le`

7.>

.lbx

.le`7.2

.lbx

.lbx

898.>

OR

Rb

R

R

dO

Rh

Amvbcug es >.9 tf >.97

h es tbjg` bs aob``gc wemto27> ll!

^rfpfrtef`bc wger (Qutrf wger)


30/56

Dret aob``gcs


31/56

Ofrezf`tbc icfw dret aob``gcs Ie`m mgsed` tgrle`bc sgttce`d vgcfaety

Ie`m dret aob``gc suribag brgb ifr tog pgbj icfw af`metef`

Ie`m icfw arfss sgatef`bc brgb (ifr tog ofrezf`tbc icfw vgcfaetyfi >.1 l/sga. ifr bvgrbdg icfw), b`m, ie`m tog dret aob``gcwemto (tbjg wemto tf mgpto rbtef fi 8;2)

Ie`m cg`dto fi tog dret aob``gc (B/T) b`m lbjg bmkustlg`tsifr e`cgt b`m futcgt mesturhb`ags

Ie`m mgpto fi icfw ifr hfto bvgrbdg icfw b`m pgbj icfw

af`metef`s (tbjg ofrezf`tbc icfw vgcfaety bs >.= l/sga.) Ie`m dret aob``gc mgpto (bmm tog dret stfrbdg mgpto (>.27 l)

b`m tog irgghfbrm tf tog mgpto fi icfw ifr pgbj icfw)

Ie`m mgpto fi icfw ifr tog ofrezf`tbc icfw vgcfaety fi >.=l/sga., bmm irgg hfbrm b`m dret stfrbdg mgpto

B

Rvt

lbx Rlbxes pgbj icfw rbtgB es suribag brgb


32/56

Ofrezf`tbc icfw dret aob``gcs Mgsed` tog prfpfrtef`bc wger bt tog futcgt use`d tog ifccfwe`d

gqubtef`

Wsg Rlbxolbxb`m Rbvrdobvrdvbcugs tf iex b b`m h vbcugs

Ie`m vgrteabc prfiecg fi tog wger (x vbcugs ifr meiigrg`t y vbcugs)

^rfvemg wger argst cgvgc bt >.27 l (gqubc tf tog dret stfrbdgmgpto)

^rfvemg mrbe`s, ifr mrbe`e`d fut wbtgr b`m ifr tog dretrglfvgm, b`m esfcbtef` vbcvgs

^rfvemg ifr tog rglfvbc fi icfbte`d lbtgrebcs (ei mgsergm)

1

8 7.> b

odbhAR m Am vbcug es tbjg` bs >.9 tf >.97

7.>

2tb`

82

b

yhx

rbmeb`se`es

b

yogrg

7.>

2tb`

O e t c ic et o h


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Qqubrg (fr rgatb`ducbr) ofrezf`tbc icfw dret

aoblhgrs

Qqubrg tb`js weto drfutgm afr`grs

Eìcug`t es mestrehutgm barfss tog sgatef` fi tog tb`j hy b

sgregs fi vb`gs (bmkustbhcg mgicgatfr pcbtgs) b`m dbtgs

Tbstgwbtgr icfws e` strbedot ce`gs barfss tog tb`j b`m

fvgricfw b wger e`tf tog futcgt

Lfstcy mgsed`gm tf rglfvg >.27 ll dret weto 57% giieaegày

Xftbte`d, ag`tgr mrevg` rbjg lgaobèsl lfu`tgm f` b

hremdg (spb`è`d tog hbse`) rbjgs dret e`tf b semg sulp/

afccgatef` ofppgr

Xbjg brls obvg futwbrm rbje`d hcbmgs Irfl sulp rgaeprfabte`d rbjg lgaobèsl rgsuspg`ms

frdbèa pbrteacgs, b`m afàg`trbtgs b`m lfvgs up dret f` tog

eàce`g

Afàg`trbtgm dret es wbsogm e` b acbsseiegr (suhlgrdgm

rgaeprfabte`d rbjg fr b` eàce`gm sargw af`vgyfr)

Ofrezf`tbc icfw dret aoblhgrs


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Dret sgpbrbtfr-acbsseiegr

Xgaeprfabte`d rbjg lgaobèsl sgt e` b` eàce`gm afàrgtg

aob``gc bcf`d tog afccgatef` hbse`

Bcc mrevg aflpf`g`ts b`m hgbre`ds brg cfabtgm bhfvg tog

cequem cgvgc b`m prftgatgm irfl afrrfsef`

ûtrgsaehcg frdbèas brg cehgrbtgm b`m wbsogm b`m b rgaycg

pulp rgtur`s tog frdbèa lbttgr e`tf tog mgdrettgm sgwbdg

Dret sargw acbsseigr; b tuhucbr soggt sobit b`m ogceabc icedot

bssglhcy sgt e` b sgleaeraucbr eàce`gm afàrgtg

trfudo/aob``gc

Ayacf`g sgpbrbtfr weto b rgaeprfabte`d rbjg acbsseigr; dretirfl tog afccgatef` hbse` es pulpgm torfudo tog ayacf`g

sgpbrbtfr ifr sfcems afàg`trbte`d b`m mgcevgre`d e`tf tog

ofppgr fi tog acbsseiegr ifr wbsoe`d b`m mesaobrdg


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Dret Afccgatfr b`m Acbsseiegr


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Ayacf`g Dret Qgpbrbtfr b`m Acbsseiegr

B t m et o h


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Bgrbtgm dret aoblhgrs Xgatb`ducbr tb`j weto bgrbtef` hy afbrsg huhhcg meiiusgrs

bcf`d f`g semg argbts sperbc icfw pgrpg`meaucbr tf tog icfw

Ygcfaety fi rfcc dfvgr`s sezg & QD fi tog pbrteacgs sgtte`d

Qtrbtgdeabccy pfsetef`gm cf`detume`bc aeraucbtef` hbiicg mergatstog rftbtef`bc icfw b`m b vgrteabc hbiicg bt tog ibr g`mprgvg`ts icfw sofrt-aerauete`d

Tbstgwbtgr es e`trfmuagm e` tog mergatef` fi tog rfcc

Tbstgwbtgr lbjgs 8-1 tur`s bt pgbj icfw

Dret ofppgr; Cfabtgm bcf`d f`g semg fi tog tb`j, >.5 lmggp, obs stggp scfpe`d semgs

Mgsed` e`ifrlbtef`

Mgsed`gm ifr >.82 ll dret pbrteacgs rglfvbc

OX] es 8 tf 7 le`utgs bt pgbj ofurcy icfw

Ber meiiusgrs; Cfabtgm >.=7->.9 l bhfvg tog `frlbc pcb`g

Temto tf mgpto rbtef; 2;2 tf 7;2 (2.7;2)

Cg`dto tf wemto rbtef; 1;2 tf 7;2 (=;2)

Ber suppcy; >.8 tf >.7 l1/l.le`.

Gxpb`sef` hy ber sofucm hg af`semgrgm e` ogbm cfssgstelbtef`


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1>>87>87>


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8>>>

87>>

?>> l

Qcfpg 2 e` 2>

28>>

1>>9>>l

=>>

1>>

1>>

21>>

Bgrbtgm dret aoblhgrs

77>

247>

87>

87>27>>l

Qcfpg 2 e`2>

247>

87>

7>>

]uhucbr meiiusgr

Fvgricfw wger

Dret trg`ao

E`cgt

87>

Mrbe` ifr mgdrette`d

Mrbe` ifr mrbe`e`d

fut tog sgwbdg


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Yfrtgx typg dret aoblhgrs b`m Ayacf`g

dret sgpbrbtfrs

]ypg-2 Tbstgwbtgr g`tgrs b`m gxets tb`dg`tebccy

Xftbte`d turhe`g lbe`tbe`s af`stb`t icfw vgcfaety b`mprflftgs sgpbrbtef` fi frdbèas irfl dret

OX]; 8>-1> (1>) sgaf`ms ifr bvgrbdg icfw

]ypg-8

Yfrtgx es dg`grbtgm hy tog icfw g`tgre`d tb`dg`tebccy bt togtfp fi tog uèt

Giicug`t gxets tog ag`tgr fi tog tfp fi tog uèt

Qezgm tf ob`mcg pgbj icfw rbtgs uptf >.1 l1/sga. pgr uèt Ayacf`g dret sgpbrbtfrs

Wsubccy usgm e` eàce`gm pfsetef` b`m mgcevgr dret tf acbsseigr

Wsgm lfstcy ifr tog sgpbrbtef`/acbsseieabtef` fi dret dretafccgatef` hbse`s fr irfl prelbry scumdg


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Dret b`m ets rglfvbc b`m mespfsbc

Xglfvbc fi tog baaulucbtgm dret

Xglfvbc ab` hg seluctb`gfus tf fpgrbtef` Drbh huajgts trbvgce`d f` lf`frbecs

Aobe` b`m huajgt af`vgyfrs ru``e`d iucc cg`dto fi dret ofppgr

Qargw af`vgyfrs, tuhucbr af`vgyfrs, kgt pulps b`m berceits

]rbvgce`d hremdg dret afccgatfrs Xglfvbc ab` hg bitgr tbje`d fii tog dret aoblhgr b`m e`vfcvg

Glptye`d fi tog dret aoblhgr

Lb`ubc rglfvbc fi tog baaulucbtgm dret

Dret aobrbatgresteas b`m mespfsbc

^rgmfle`b`tcy e`grt b`m rgcbtevgcy mry

Yfcbtecg af`tg`t; 2 tf 79%

Lfesturg af`tg`t; 21 tf 97%

Qpgaeiea drbvety; 2.1 b`m Hucj mg`sety; 29>> jd/l1


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Ei `f dret aoblhgrs prfvemgm b`m ei dret baaulucbtgs e` tog

prelbry scumdg tog` ifr rglfvbc mecutgm prelbry scumdg es pbssgm torfudo ayacf`g mgdrettgr

Dret sgpbrbtfrs b`m dret wbsogrs brg usgm tf rglfvg frdbèas

Tbtgr sprbys e` hfto absgs ogcp e` dret wbsoe`d

Eàce`gm suhlgrdgm rbjg - `gagssbry bdetbtef` es prfvemgm ifrfrdbèas rglfvbc woecg tog dret es rbesgm f` eàce`g tf mesaobrdgpfe`t

Eàce`gm sargwceits tog dret up tog rblp

Dret mespfsbc ]rb`spfrt tf cb`miecc b`m stbhecezg weto celg prefr tf cb`miecce`d (!)

Eàe`grbtg tog dret weto ftogr sfcems

^`gulbtea af`vgyfrs ifr af`vgye`d dret fvgr sofrt mestbàgs

Dret b`m ets rglfvbc b`m mespfsbc


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Gqubcezbtef`

Ic G ce te


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Icfw Gqubcezbtef`Mblpe`d fi vbrebtef`s e` wbstgwbtgr icfw rbtgs b`m

strg`dto (HFM, gta.) - lby hg `ggmgm tf

fvgraflg fpgrbtef`bc prfhcgls

elprfvg pgrifrlbàg fi tog mfw` strgbl prfagssgs rgmuagm pgbj icfws b`m sofaj cfbms, b`m mecutgm eòehetfrysuhstbàgs ifr hefcfdeabc trgbtlg`t

rgmuag sezg b`m afst fi mfw`strgbl trgbtlg`t ibaecetegs

Mesbmvb`tbdgs fi gqubcezbtef`; Eàrgbsgm abpetbc afsts b`m cb`m rgquerglg`t

Bmmetef`bc fpgrbtef` b`m lbe`tg`bàg rgquerglg`t

Fmfurs prfhcgl

Gqubcezbtef` typgs; E`ce`g gqubcezbtef`;Bcc icfw pbssgs torfudo gqubcezbtef` tb`j

Hgttgr ifr baoegve`d af`stetug`t afàg`trbtef` mblpe`d

Fii ce`g gqubcezbtef`; f`cy icfw bhfvg tog prgmgtgrle`gm celetes mevgrtgm e`tf gqubcezbtef` tb`j

ûlpe`d rgquerglg`ts brg leèlezgm


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Mgsed` Af`semgrbtef`s

Togrg tf cfabtg b` gqubcezbtef` ibaecety6 Fptelulcfabtef` vbregs weto

Aobrbatgresteas fi tog afccgatef` systgl

Tbstgwbtgr tf hg ob`mcgm

Cb`m rgquerglg`ts b`m bvbecbhecety

]ypg fi trgbtlg`t rgquergm sflg lby `ft rgquerg

E`-ce`g fr fii-ce`g gqubcezbtef` woeao sofucm hg usgm6 Gqubcezbtef` bogbm fi tog prelbry sgttce`d; mglb`ms

lexe`d (b`m bgrbtef`) tf prgvg`t mgpfsetef` fi sfcems b`mfmfur prfhcgls

Gqubcezbtef` hgtwgg` tog prelbry trgbtlg`t b`m togsgaf`mbry trgbtlg`t; ab` abusg igwgr prfhcgls wetosfcems mgpfsetef` b`m saul baaulucbtef`

Hgttgr dret rglfvbc ibaecetegs lust prgagmg toggqubcezbtef` tb`js

M e A em te


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Gqubcezbtef` tb`j vfculg

Aulucbtevg eìcfw mebdrbl es usgm tf ie`m tog vfculg

^cft aulucbtevg eìcfw bdbe`st telg fi tog mby

Af``gat stbrte`d b`m g`me`d pfe`ts hy b strbedot ce`g tf fhtbeàulucbtevg bvgrbdg futicfw pcft

Mrbw twf tb`dg`ts tf tog aulucbtevg eìcfw pcft (f`g bhfvg b`mtog ftogr hgcfw), pbrbccgc tf aulucbtevg bvgrbdg futicfw pcft b`mtbjg vgrteabc mestbàg hgtwgg` tog 8 tb`dg`ts bs toggqubcezbtef` tb`j vfculg

Bt tog cfw pfe`t fi tog tb`dg`t, tog hbse` wecc hg glpty, b`m bttog oedo pfe`t fi tog tb`dg`t, tog tb`j wecc hg iucc

Aulucbtevg `gt icfw mebdrbl ab` bcsf hg usgm

Quhtrbat bvgrbdg ofurcy futicfw irfl tog ofurcy eìcfw tf dgt tog`gt icfw

^cft tog aulucbtevg `gt icfw bdbe`st telg

]bjg tog vgrteabc mestbàg hgtwgg` tog cfwgst b`m tog oedo

pfe`ts bs tog gqubcezbtef` tb`j vfculg


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Gqubcezbtef` vfculg

M e A em te


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Batubc vfculg fi tog gqubcezbtef` tb`j es cbrdgr (hy 2>-8>%)

Af`teùfus fpgrbtef` fi bgrbtef` b`m lexe`d gqueplg`t mf`ft bccfw aflpcgtg glptye`d fi tog hbse`

Hbse` lby bcsf rgagevg pcb`t rgayacg strgbls

Af`te`dgày es `ggmgm ifr tbje`d abrg fi uìfrgsgg` aob`dgse` icfw rbtgs b`m icfw vbrebtef`s lby rgquerg irgghfbrm

Dgflgtry fi tog gqubcezbtef` tb`j Mgpg`ms f` tog bvbecbhcg cb`m brgb b`m f` wogtogr tog

gqubcezbtef` es e`-ce`g fr fii-ce`g

Gcf`dbtgm mgsed`s brg bvfemgm

Mgpto mgpg`ms f` cb`m bvbecbhecety, drfu`mwbtgr cgvgc b`m

tfpfdrbpoy Irgg hfbrm mgpg`ms f` tb`j sezg b`m we`m af`metef`s

E`cgt b`m futcgt brg brrb`dgm tf leèlezg sofrt aerauete`d fitg` luctepcg e`cgts b`m futcgts brg usgm

Ifr hgttgr baagss ifr acgbè`d, irf`t g`m cfbmgrs b`m luctepcg

aflpbrtlg`ts brg prgigrrgm



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Gqubcezbtef` tb`j/hbse`


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Mgsed` af`semgrbtef`s

Gbrtog` hbse`s, fr afàrgtg fr stggc tb`js ab` hg usgm

Baagss, acgbè`d b`m sbigty sofucm hg af`semgrgm e` togmgsed` fi gqubcezbtef` tb`js

Fpgrbtef`bc bppurtg`bàgs

Ibaecetegs ifr icusoe`d b`y sfcems b`m drgbsg tobt lby tg`m tfbaaulucbtg f` hbse` wbccs

Oedo wbtgr tbjgfii ifr rglfve`d icfbte`d lbtgrebc b`m ifbl Tbtgr sprbys tf prgvg`t baaulucbtef` b`m bem ifbl rglfvbc

Qgpbrbtg fmfur af`trfc ibaecetegs (afvgrgm gqubcezbtef` hbse`s!)lby bcsf hg `ggmgm

ûlp b`m pulp af`trfc systgl

ûlpe`d ibaecetegs brg usubccy rgquergm getogr hgifrg fr bitgr toggqubcezbtef` tb`j

hgifrg es prgigrrgm ifr drgbtgr rgcebhecety

Icfw lgbsurglg`t mgveags b`m icfw rgducbtef` mgveags lby hgrgquergm f` tog futcgt tf lfètfr tog gqubcezgm icfw


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Lexe`d b`m bgrbtef` rgquerglg`ts

Xgquergm tf hcg`m tog af`tg`ts b`m prgvg`t sfcemsmgpfsetef`

Icfbte`d bgrbtfrs, ei usgm, lby `ggm b leèlul fpgrbte`dcgvgc fi 2.7 tf 8 l fi tog tb`j

B afàrgtg pbm hgcfw tf leèlezg grfsef` lby hg ggmgm e`

gbrtog` hbse`s ^fwgr rgquerglg`t ifr lexe`d lby hg e` tog rb`dg fi >.>>= tf >.>>?

jT/l1 (wog` ]QQ es 382> ld/C)

E` absg fi lgaobèabc bgrbtfrs vfrtgx ifrlbtef` sofucm hgbvfemgm (prfvemg hbiicgs e` aeraucbr tb`js!)

]og bgrbtfrs lby rgquerg cfw cgvgc sout fii af`trfcs Bgrbtfrs ab` hg gqueppgm weto cgds fr mrbit tuhgs ifr rgste`d f`

Bgrbtef` es rgquergm tf prgvg`t sgptea b`m fmfrfus af`metef`s

Ber rgquerglg`ts ifr bgrfhea af`metef`s es >.>2->.>27 l1/l1.le`

Meiiusgm bgrbtef` systgls ab` hg usgm ifr lexe`d b`m bgrbtef`

Mgsed` af`semgrbtef`s


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Elpbat fi Icfw Gqubcezbtef` f`Qtrg`dto

Qtbrt bt tog pfe`t fi telg wog` tog tb`j es bt rgsemubc vfculg

Aflputg tb`j cequem vfculg bt tog g`m fi gbao telg pgrefm

Yfculg bcrgbmy prgsg`t e` tog tb`j bt tog hgde`è`d

E`-icfwe`d mure`d tog pgrefm

Fut-icfwe`d mure`d tog pgrefm

Aflputg bvgrbdg afàg`trbtef` e` tog tb`j

Mevemg pfccutb`t cfbm (bcrgbmy prgsg`t + bmmgm mure`d togpgrefm) weto giicug`t vfculg (bcrgbmy prgsg`t + bmmgmmure`d tog pgrefm) - E`stb`tb`gfus lexe`d es bssulgm ogrg

Aflputg lbss cfbm fi tog pfccutb`t mure`d tog pgrefm

Qofw tog giigat fi gqubcezbtef` f` pfccutef` cfbm tf tog G]^

Drbpoeabccy: fr hy rbtefs, suao bs, pgbj tf bvgrbdg fr tfleèlul, leèlul tf bvgrbdg fr tf pgbj: fr Qtb`m. mgv.


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Elpbat fi icfw gqubcezbtef` f` strg`dto

Xgsemubc Yfculg b`m Qtrg`dto


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Xgsemubc Yfculg b`m Qtrg`dtoGqubcezbtef`

Xgsemubc vfculg es usubccy prfvemgm tf prftgat tog

bgrbtef`/lexe`d gqueplg`t prfvemgm Ei et eàrgbsgs strg`dto gqubcezbtef` bcsf eàrgbsgs

Gqubcezbtef` tb`js ab` bcsf hg mgsed`gm ifr strg`dtogqubcezbtef`

Ie`m icfw gqubcezbtef` vfculg

]bjg meiigrg`t rgsemubc vfculgs b`m aflputg tog cgvgc fistrg`dto gqubcezbtef` baoegvgm

Aoffsg tog leèlul rgsemubc vfculg bt woeao togrgquergm strg`dto gqubcezbtef` es baoegvgm

Gqubcezbtef` hbse`s ab` hg mgsed`gm ifr strg`dtogqubcezbtef` f`cy hut `f icfw gqubcezbtef`

Cequem vfculg e` tog gqubcezbtef` hbse` es lbe`tbe`gmaf`stb`t

]og eìcfw es bclfst hbcbàgm hy tog futicfw - bcc tog eìcfwicuatubtef`s brg rgicgatgm e` tog futicfws

Sewage Treatment: Priliminary Treatment Units

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