WrathEnvySlothLust

GluttonyGreedPride

Humility

Liberality

Abstinence

Chastity

Diligence

Kindness

Patience

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Inferno Purgatorio

Inferno is the first part to Dante Alighieris epic poem, The Divine Comedy. Inferno tells the story of Dantes passage through the nine circles of Hell, guided by the Ro-man poet Virgil.The Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul towards God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin.The poem begins on the night before Good Friday in the year 1300. Dante find himself alone in a dark wood, chased by three beasts he can not evade; a

lion, a leopard, a she-wolf. The Inferno shows the soul seeing sin for what it really is and the three beasts represent three types of sin: the self-indulgent, the violent, and the malicious. The three types of sin are what separates Hell. The first five Circles) for the self-indulgent sins; Circles six and seven for the violent sins; and Circles eight and nine for the mali-cious sins.Dante passes through the gate of Hell, which bears an inscrip-tion. The final line of the inscription

been Lasciate ogne speranza, voi chintrate which translates as Abandon all hope, ye who enter hereDante and his guide travel through the Nine Circles and find Lucifer at the Centre. They climb down his fur, pass through the centre of the Earth and emerge in Purga-tory just before dawn on Easter Sunday.

Purgatorio is the second part to Dantes Divine Comedy. Purgato-rio tells the story of Dantes climb up the Mount of Purgatory. The mountain is made up of a bottom section called An-te-Pugatory, Seven levels of torture and spiritual growth and then Earthly Paradise at the top.Having survived the depths of Hell Dante and Virgil ascend out of the undergloom and up to the Mountain of Purgatory on the far side of the world. The Mountain is an is-land, the only land

in the Southern Hemisphere. Dante describes Hell as existing under-neath Jerusalem, created by the impact of Satans fall from Heaven. Mount Purgatory, on exactly the op-posite side of the world, was created by a displacement of rock, caused by the same event.Upon their arrival on the shores of Purgatory, Dante and Virgil are reprimanded by Cato, a pagan who is repsonsible for guarding the mountain. Dante starts the ascent of Mount Purgato-ry at sunrise. The gate of Purgatory

is guarded by an angel who uses the point of his sword to draw the letter P seven times on Dantes Forehead.The angel at the gate then warns Dante not to look back, lest he should find himself outside the gate again, symbolizing Dante having to overcome and rise above the hell that he has just left and thus leaving his sinning ways behind him. Virgil guides the pilgrim Dante through the seven terraces of Purgatory. These correspond to the seven deadly sins, each terrace purg-ing a particular sin.

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Seven Deadly Sins

Sin is a term used to describe an act that violates moral rule. It is a term mainly used in a religious context in which the moral code of conduct is decreed by a divine entity. In some religions a sin refers to the actions, thoughts and feelings that are considered wrong and thus prohibited. It is believed that God will punish those that commit sin in this life or the next. The first recorded use of the term sin is in the early Ninth Century and derives from the Old English synn.

In Biblical Hebrew the generic word for sin is het. It means to miss the mark.The CatholicChurch separated sin into two classifications: Venial Sins, which could be easily forgiven through Sacrements of the Church; the second classification is Mortal Sin and are much more severe.The modern concept of the Seven Deadly Sins(Pride, Greed, Gluttony, Lust, Sloth, Envy and Wrath) derives from the list of Eight Evils produce in the 4th century by Evagrius Ponticus, The Eight

were translated into Latin and revised by Pope Gregory in 590AD to form the Seven Deadly Sins known today. Each of the seven deadly sins now also has an opposite among corresponding seven contrary virtues In parallel order to the sins they oppose, the seven contrary virtues are humility, charity, kindness, patience, chastity, temperance, and diligence.

The Earthly Paradise

Mountain of Purgatorio

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Pride

Pride is considered to be the sin from which all other sins arise. In some cultures, it is considered a virtue but is associated with excessive belief in ones own abilities.Thomas Aquinas said of Pride inordinate self-love is the cause of every sin ... the root of pride is found to consist in man not being, in some way, subject to God and His rule. Dantes definition was love of self perverted to hatred and contempt for ones neighbor. In Dantes Puragtorio

the Prideful are made to carry giant blocks across their backs and unable to stand up straight.

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Greed is the sin associated with the desire for material gain. Originally, Greed was originally known as Avarice. Avarice was a blanket term and covered all different types of Greed - disloyalty, betrayal and treason for material gain.Thomas Aquinas said of Greed: it is a sin directly against ones

neighbor, since one man cannot over-abound in external riches, without another man lacking them.Mammon is a term, derived from the Christian Bible, used to describe material wealth or greed. It also the name given to the False God of Greed.In Dantes Purgatorio the penitent were bound and laid face down on the

ground for having concentrated too much on earthly thoughts.

Greed

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Gluttony denotes, not any desire of eating and drinking, but an inordinate desire leaving the order of reason, wherein the good of moral virtue consists.He also listed six ways to commit gluttony: Praepropere (eating too soon), Laute (eating too expensively), Nimis (eating too much), Ardenter (eating

Gluttony is the sin linked with an inordinate desire to consume more than that which one requires. The word Gluttony derives from the Latin word gluttire meaning to swallow. Gluttony is not universally considered a sin; depending on the culture, it can be a sign of status.Thomas Aquinas said of Gluttony:

too eagerly), Studiose (eating too daintily) and Forente (eating wildly). In Dantes Purgatorio the Gluttonous are purged from eating and drinking for their sins.

Gluttony

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Lust is a term to describe the inordinate desire for the pleasure of the body. Thomas Aquinas said of Lust:...wherever there occurs a special kind of deformity whereby the venereal act is rendered unbecoming, there is a determinate species of lust. This may occur in two ways: First, through being contrary to right reason, and this is common to all lustful vices; secondly, because, in addition, it is contrary to the natural order of the venereal act as

becoming to the human race: and this is called the unnatural vice. This may happen in several ways. First, by procuring pollution, without any copulation, for the sake of venereal pleasure: this pertains to the sin of uncleanness which some call effeminacy. Secondly, by copulation with a thing of undue species, and this is called bestiality. Thirdly, by copulation with an undue sex, male with male, or female with female, as the Apostle states and

this is called the vice of sodomy. Fourthly, by not observing the natural manner of copulation, either as to undue means, or as to other monstrous and bestial manners of copulation.In Dantes Purgatorio the lustful are purged amongst flames.

Lust

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Sloth is a sin associated with physical and spirtual apathy.

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Envy is described as an obsession with the traits/qualities of an other. Thomas Aquinas said of Envy: Envy according to the aspect of its object is contrary to charity, whence the soul derives its spiritual life... Charity rejoices in our neighbors good, while envy grieves over it.In Dantes Purgatorio the Envious are punished by having their eyes sewn shut and forced to wear clothing that makes them indistinguishable from the ground.

Envy

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Wrath

Wrath is manifested in the individual who spurns love and opts instead for fury.

Thomas Aquinas said Anger is the name of a passion. A passion of the sensitive appetite is good in so far as it is regulated by reason, whereas it is evil if it set the order of reason aside. In Dantes Purgatorio the wrathful are purged by walking around in acrid smoke Souls correct themselves by learning how wrath has blinded their vision, impeding their judgment (the sin of wrath represents a perversion of the natural love of justice).

Paradiso

Enneagram of Personality

The Enneagram of Personality is mostly taught and understood as a psychospiritual

typology (a model of personality types) but is also presented in ways intended

to discover and develop higher states of being, essence and enlightenment.

Paradiso

Patience is the

virtue that

counters the

sin of unjust

anger, also called

wrath or rage.

Where the sin of

wrath is about

quick temper

and unnecessary

vengeance, the

virtue of meekness

focuses on

patiently seeking

appropriate

resolution to

conflicts, and

on the ability to

forgive and show

mercy.

Honore de Balzac

All human

power is a

compound of

time and pa-

tience.

21

20

Kindness, or love

for ones neighbor,

is the virtue which

counters the sin

of envy. Envy, in

contradiction to

Gods law of love,

is manifest in a

persons sorrow

and distress over

the good fortune

of another person.

Conversely,

kindness is

manifest in the

unprejudiced,

compassionate and

charitable concern

for others.

Kindness in

giving

creates love.

Lao Tzu

19

18

1716

Diligence, or

persistence, is

the virtue which

counters the sin

of sloth. Sloth,

as a capital sin,

refers to laziness

in matters of

Faith and spiritual

combat. Diligence

manifests the

appropriately

zealous attitudes

toward living and

sharing the Faith.

Buddha

Decay is in-

herent in all

compound

things. Strive

on with dili-

gence.

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16

Chastity is the

counter-virtue

to the sin of

lust. Chastity

embraces moral

wholesomeness

and purity, and in

both thought and

action treats Gods

gift of sexuality

with due reverence

and respect.

John 4:8

God is love.

God is faithful

God is pure.

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14

The virtue of

temperance

or abstinence

counters the sin

of gluttony. To

be gluttonous is

to overindulge.

On the opposite

hand, the virtue

of temperance

is centered on

self-control and

moderation.

Robert South

Abstinence

is the great

strengthener

and clearer of

reason.

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12

Liberality

consists rather

in giving rea-

sonably than

much.

Liberality, or

generosity, is

the virtue that

is counter to

greed the sin

of immoderate

desire for earthly

goods. The virtue

of liberality is

focused not merely

on the appropriate

concern regarding

ones earthly

goods, but also on

generosity and a

willingness to give,

freely and without

request for

commendation.

Jean de la Bruyere

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10

Humility is the

virtue that

counters pride.

As pride leads to

other sin, true

humility clears a

path for holiness.

Pride is a sin

based on undue

and inappropriate

appreciation of

ones self worth.

Conversely,

the virtue of

humility is about

modest behavior,

selflessness and

the giving of

respect..

Thomas Merton

Pride makes

us arti cal

and humil-

ity makes us

real.

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76

Seven Contrary Virtues

The Contrary

Virtues were

derived from the

Psychomachia, an

epic poem written

by Prudentius

Practicing these

virtues is alledged

to protect one

against temptation

toward the Seven

Deadly Sins:

humility against

pride, kindness

against envy,

abstinence against

gluttony, chastity

against lust,

patience against

anger, liberality

against greed, and

diligence against

sloth.

The intense

popularity of this

work in the Middle

Ages helped to

spread the

of holy virtue

throughout Europe.

Restraint is the

keystone of the

seven holy virtues.

The other holy

virtues are created

through selfless

pursuits:

Humility: Pursuit

of Modesty

Liberality: Pursuit

of Will

Abstinence: Pursuit

of Giving

Chastity: Pursuit

of Courage and

Knowledge

Diligence: Pursuit

of Ethics

Kindness: Pursuit

of Charity

Patience: Pursuit

of Peace

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PrudentiusContest of the Soul/Psychomachia

Aurelius Pruden-

tius Clemens was

a Roman Christian

poet, born in the

Roman province of

Tarraconensis (now

Northern Spain)

in 348.

The poetry of

Prudentius is

influenced by early

Christian authors,

such as Tertullian

and St. Ambrose,

as well as the Bible

and the acts of the

martyrs. His hymn

Da, puer, plectrum

(including Corde

natus ex parentis:

Of the Fathers

Love Begotten)

and the hymn for

Epiphany O sola

magnarum urbium

(Earth Has Many

a Noble City),

both from the

Cathemerinon, are

still in use today.

The allegorical

Psychomachia,

however, is his

most influential

work and became

the inspiration

and wellspring of

medieval allegori-

cal literature.

The Psychoma-

chia (Battle for

Mansoul) by the

Late Antique Latin

poet Prudentius

is probably the

first and most

influential pure

medieval allegory

he poem describes

the conflict of

vices and virtues

as a battle in the

style of Virgils

Aeneid.

Christian faith is

attacked by and

defeats pagan

idolatry to be

cheered by a

thousand Christian

martyrs.

WrathEnvySlothLust

GluttonyGreedPride

Humility

Liberality

Abstinence

Chastity

Diligence

Kindness

Patience