Settling the Northern Colonies

• Keep the essential question in mind as you view the slides on this PowerPoint.

• Essential Question:– What happens when cultures collide?• How did the emerging American identity begin?• How did Native Americans attempt to adapt to a

changing environment?

Settling the Northern Colonies

Early Colonial America 1607-1700Democracy in America?

Puritan Life in New England

Pilgrims leave the Woolen districts of England.Why woolen? You guessed it, they were sheep herders.

Puritans Negotiate with the Virginia Co.

The Pilgrims were supposed to land in the Virginia Colony.

The charter of the Virginia Company guaranteed to the settlers the same rights as Englishmen in England.

Settling the Northern Colonies

The Pilgrims were off course and landed at Cape Code in present-day Massachusetts.

The Puritans were not supposed to be there but they created a colony anyway.

The puritans were very devoted to their religion and the Puritan religion greatly shaped Plymouth Colony.

The Massachusetts Bay Colony, who actually had a charter from the King, was larger and more prosperous than Plymouth (but do they get the love the Pilgrims get? Nope!)

The Mayflower

What the…?

Settling the Northern Colonies

The Plymouth Colony had some good things, such as:The Mayflower Compact, which was an agreement that everyone on the ship would adhere to majority rule (can you say democracy?) This set the stage for colonial self-government in town meetings.William Bradford – governor of Plymouth for a very loooong time and a good leader.

He is so hot, huh?

Massachusetts Bay Colony had some good things going for it too, such as:1. A way larger population2. A legitimate charter from

the king3. Good business

opportunities, like fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.

4. Good leaders, such as:1. Governor John

Winthrop2. Minister John Cotton

John Cotton

John Winthrop

Settling the Northern Colonies

But Massachusetts Bay Colony was not a true democracy, even though members of the Puritan church could vote in provincial affairs and even non-puritans could take part in town hall meetings, because:1. Only members of the

church could vote for governor and the General Court.

2. Purpose of government was to enforce God’s laws.

3. Everyone paid taxes to the church

Democracy is the worst of all governments

Settling the Northern ColoniesTrouble in Utopia.

1. Puritans picked on Quakers.

2. Anne Hutchinson questioned some Puritan tenants and was banished

3. Roger Williams questioned the Puritan leadership, such as the government enforcing religious behavior, and he was banished also (he founds Rhode Island).

4. Rhode Island was the most free when it came to religion – even Jews and Catholics were safe!

Thou are stupid.

I guess I’ll create my

own colony. In yo face

suckas!

Be nice Anne

Patuxet

Settling the Northern Colonies

Narragansetts

Wampanoag

Massassoit

Pokanoket

Massassoit, a Wampanoag chief, is first to befriend the Pilgrims in Plymouth (probably to counter the power of the Narragansetts – an ancient enemy).

Pequot

Settling the Northern ColoniesPuritan missionaries attempted, kinda-sorta, to convert Indians to Christianity. Their half-hearted efforts were unsuccessful.

The Spaniards, on the other hand, were very successful because they created encomiendas and asked natives to live with them.

King Philip’s War

Metacom (King Philip)

Massossoit’s son, Metacom, had enough of the English taking their land and bossing them around. He unites many tribes into an alliance and attacks the Pilgrims throughout New England.

Disease had ravaged the Indian tribes, so they were weak and vulnerable.

The Narrangasetts side with the English and Metacom and his allies lose the war.

The Indians are not a threat to the English in New England anymore.

Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence

New England Confederation (1643)

An alliance was created between the New England colonies to protect themselves from the Dutch, French, and the Indians.

The Confederation was a Puritan club. Rhode Island and the Massachusetts frontier were excluded.

Is everyone here a

Puritan? Pinky

promise?

The First American Revolution

Dominion of New England (1686) London wants to lay the smack-

down on the Puritans, who are getting powerful in the colonies. 1. The king grants charters to

Connecticut and Rhode Island2. London also creates the

Dominion of New England to counter the colonist-created New England Confederation. All colonies were accepted into the alliance (gasp!).

3. English Navigation Laws were enforced, which forbade trading with England’s rivals, like the Dutch, French, and Spanish.

Sir Edmund Andros:He was seen as a jerk by the colonists because he restricted some of the freedoms colonists enjoyed, like the town meetings and public education, while he was leader of the Dominion in Boston.

The First American Revolution

Dominion of New EnglandThe colonists in Boston get brave when they hear there’s a revolution brewing in England (called the Glorious Revolution). Sensing the King is distracted, a Boston mob captures Andros and sends him back to England.

The colonists were right. The King of England was busy and so he lets the colonists go back to doing their own thing. The Dominion of New England collapses and “salutary neglect” begins. Goodbye Navigation Laws!!

1689

America the Melting Pot – Musical Chairs

Dutch ColonyNot democratic!

Sweden stakes a claim to present-day Delaware and New Jersey area.

The Dutch take the Delaware settlements (New Sweden) in 1655.

The English take New Netherland (and New Amsterdam – now called New York) – as well as the colonies in “New Sweden” from the Dutch in 1664.

Penn’s Holy Experiment

William Penn takes a lot of Quakers, who the Puritans treated poorly, and established a colony in PENNsylvania.

He also helped settle Quakers and German immigrants in New Jersey and Delewar.

Types of Colonies

• No Charter3 types:• Charter Colonies: King grants rule

directly to the colonists. Governors and councils appointed by property-owning colonists.– Connecticut and Rhode Island

• Proprietary Colonies: Land granted by the king to a caretaker. Governor and royal council appointed by the caretaker.– Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania

• Royal Colonies: Governor and Royal Council are directly controlled of the monarchy– Georgia, Massachusetts, New

Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia

Emerging American Identity

1. Which colonies do you think had the greatest ethnic diversity?

2. What documents provide evidence of an emerging American identity?

3. What events laid the foundation for an American identity?

4. How did the English adapt to the environment?

5. How did Native Americans attempt to survive in their changing environment?

Questions to consider:

Important steps toward democracy

• Know the importance of each of these documents:– Fundamental Orders of Connecticut– Act of Toleration in Maryland– Mayflower Compact in Plymouth– Charter of the Virginia Company

Puritan Beliefs and Values

• Unchurched men are voteless• Women have no vote• All men with property could take part in Town

meetings though (the beginnings of democracy).

• Pay taxes to the church• Purpose of government was to enforce God’s

laws.

Important Persons

• John Winthrop (Bay Colony governor)• William Bradford (Plymouth governor)• John Cotton (Bay Colony preacher)• Anne Hutchinson (Bay Colony dissenter)• Roger Williams (Bay Colony dissenter)• Metacom (King Philip)• Massasoit• William Penn

Puritan Beliefs and Values

• Congregation can hire and fire preachers and set salaries.

• Clergymen cannot hold office (the beginnings of separation of church and state?)

• Doctrine of “calling” to do God’s work on earth.– Person doesn’t find the job, the job finds the person.– Commitment to work and engagement in public affairs.– Lots of social harmony