Settling the Middle Settling the Middle ColoniesColonies

Settling the Middle Settling the Middle ColoniesColonies

New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden

New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden

• New Netherlands settled by Dutch West India Co. 1623-24

• Fur trade• Buy Manhattan

Island from Indians• Peter Stuyvesant• New Amsterdam – a

“company town”• Aristocratic, diverse• Wall Street – Indian

defense• New Sweden falls to

Stuyvesant – absorbed by Dutch into New Netherland

New YorkNew York

Manors &Manors &

Land Land GrantsGrants

PatroonshiPatroonshipsps

New YorkNew York

Manors &Manors &

Land Land GrantsGrants

PatroonshiPatroonshipsps

Land granted topromoters who agreedto settle 50 people.

New AmsterdamNew AmsterdamNew AmsterdamNew Amsterdam

PeterPeter

StuyvesantStuyvesant

PeterPeter

StuyvesantStuyvesant

DukeDuke

of Yorkof York

DukeDuke

of Yorkof York

• English see Dutch as intruders• 1664, Charles II grants area to brother,

Duke of York• Stuyvesant surrenders easily• New Amsterdam renamed New York• Dutch influence survived though:

– Autocratic, aristocratic– Harlem, Brooklyn– Easter eggs, Santa Claus, bowling,

skating, sleighing, golf

William William PennPenn

William William PennPennThe “Holy The “Holy

Experiment”Experiment”The “Holy The “Holy

Experiment”Experiment”

““Religious Religious Society of Society of Friends”Friends”

The QuakersThe QuakersWhy are the Quakers seen as so offensive by authorities?

How did William Penn get the PA land grant?

How did he encourage settlers to come?

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

• Fair treatment• Bought land from

Indians• Amicable relations• PA most

successful colony!

Quaker PennsylvaniaQuaker PennsylvaniaQuaker PennsylvaniaQuaker Pennsylvania• Philadelphia (“City of Brotherly Love”)

well-planned out; becomes largest colonial city

• Representative assembly elected by landowners

• No tax-supported church / freedom of worship to all (except Catholics/Jews)

• No military defense established - pacifists• No restrictions on immigration• Anti-slavery – THE FIRST ABOLITIONISTS!

• Diverse mix of ethnic groups• Liberal/modern – but still some “blue laws”

New Jersey – Proprietors, 1664Delaware - 1610

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEnglish largest, followed by Germans & Scots-Irish

• Lack of distinctive institution like Southern slavery or New England town meetings– Not ruled by wealthy planters like South nor by

the church like New England• Characterized by diversity, religious

tolerance• Cash crops – grains; “Bread colonies”• Ironworks – Pittsburgh area• Settlement of interior, not just coastal area

- river access to back country for trade• Internal Conflicts:

– Leisler’s Rebellion – NY, 1689• anti-BR sentiment

– Zenger’s trial*** – NY, 1734• Freedom of the press• Truth is absolute defense to libel (contrary to

BR law)– Paxton Boy’s uprising – PA, 1764

• Another east-west conflict like Bacon’s!

““The Middle Way”The Middle Way”““The Middle Way”The Middle Way”