Seta R Agustina Beijing, 19-23 November 2013 CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA.

Seta R AgustinaBeijing, 19-23 November 2013

CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA

INTRODUCTION*

The distribution of the population across the archipelago is highly asymmetric

Java represents only 7% of the total land area but hosts 58% of the population. Density 1,000 person/km2 . 55% of Indonesia’s rice producer

Papua occupies 22% of the land area but is habited by less than 2% of the total population. Density 7 person/km2

National average population density is 124 persons/km2 Source: BPS, 2011

Agriculture role: Sources of Economic Growth

SCIENCE . INNOVATION . NETWORKS

www.litbang.deptan.go.id

Multiple Objectives Agriculture Development

• ECONOMY Food security & Competitiveness in Global Market

• SOCIAL Rural Development & Poverty Alleviation

• POLITICS National Integration through Inter-regional Trades

• ENVIRONMENT Sustainable Agriculture

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN NATIONAL AGRICULTURE

DEVELOPMENT

*



ISSUES and CHALLENGES

1. Increasing demand of imported agricultural products.2. Pressure of globalization.3. Low investment of private sector in agriculture.4. Weakness coordination among Government Institutions.5. Insufficinet agriculture infrastructures.6. Inefficiency in supply-chain inputs and products.7. Climate change.8. Land degradation and land conversion .9. Lack of water resources.10. Increasing cost for fertilizer and energy.

Land Ownership (hectare) Percentage of Household

< 0,1 6,99

0,1-0,49 46,59

0,50-0,99 22,46

1,00-1,99 15,27

2,00-2,99 5,04

>3,00 3,65

Total 100

Average Land Ownership Distribution for Paddy, Maize Soy Bean and Sugar Cane

Fields, In Indonesia, 2009

Average land ownership 0.41 ha (Java) and 0.96 (Put of Java)



Land-People ratio for Food Crops in Some Countries

No.

Countries Total Land (000 ha)

Number of People (000)

Land per capita (m2/person)

1. Indonesia : Paddy Land 7.886 240.000 329

Paddy land and Dry land 13.386 240.000 558

2. Vietnam 7.500 78.137 960

3. Thailand 31.839 60.925 5.230

4. India 161.750 1.016.938 1.290

5. China 143.625 1.282.172 1.120

6. Bangladesh 8.085 123.406 655

7. Australia 50.304 19.153 26.100

8. Brazilia 58.865 171.796 3.430Source : Sumarno, 2012



Area of degraded land

MOA :

18 million ha degraded land (7 million ha potencially critical, 6 million ha semi critical,4,9 critical)

MOF :

13,2 million ha critical; 5,9 million ha in the forest, and 7,3 million ha outside the forest

Central Bereau of Statistics :

38,6 million ha degraded land

Physico-chemical and biological destruction decreasing & loss of productivity

Inappropiate land use system Management & practices land clearing &

deforestation, tillage, conversion, etc

Erosion and compaction

Nutrient & organic matter loss

Acidification, pollution

biological unstable etc

High erosion

risk

High erosion

risk

Conservation Issues Of total land in

Indonesia, those with rainfall depth: > 3,500 mm/year

23,1 %

2.000 s.d. 3.500 mm/year 59,7%

< 2.000 mm/year 17,2%

77 % of land in Indonesia have slope > 3 % Agriculture cultivation at land with slope>15%

Erosion sensitive soil

Erosion rate in agriculture land : 35-220 ton/ha/year, increasing rate : 7-14%/year

Erosion rate in agriculture land : 35-220 ton/ha/year, increasing rate : 7-14%/year

Soil Erosion

POLICY AND STRATEGY AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

*SCIENCE . INNOVATION . NETWORKS


National Agricultural Revitalization (2005-2025)

Self-sufficiency in key commodities Allocation of ‘permanent’ agricultural land by :

Natural resource sustainability •Controlling of conversion•Extensification

1. Avoid loss on production capacity due to variety of stresses and obstacles, such as climate variability and change, land degradation and decreasing resources, infrastructure and socio-economic constraints ,

2. Increasing the capacity of food production and resource growth with climate risk and minimum environmental impact, and

3. Accelerating the food diversification while reducing the demand for food commodities which are vulnerable to climate change and wasteful of resources, such as rice, and substitute with local food.

THE MAIN STRATEGY

Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

RESEARCH AND ADOPTION ON CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE

*SCIENCE . INNOVATION . NETWORKS


RESEARCH ON COMPONENT OF CA

•Soil acidity amelioration: liming

•Nutrient enrichment with rock phosphate

•Balance fertilization: the use of soil test kit

•CA on semi-arid upland

•Formulation and application of biochar

•Erosion control on sloping land

•Mulching and organic matter application

•Irrigation and water use effeciency

Various technique of soil conservation have been applied such as bench terracing and mulching.

The use hedgerow is adopted if it promises the economic return

Adoption

BEST PRACTICES

Component CA is assembled in Ministry Agriculture Programme:

• Integrated Crop Management• Integrated Cropping Calender Information System • Integrated Crop Livestock System

Technology Component of ICM on Rice

Basic Technologies • High yielding variety, biotic and abiotic stresses tolerant• Good quality and Certified seed• Balanced fertilizer• Integrated Pest and Disease Management

Alternative technologies• Land preparation• Young Seedling (< 21 DAP)• 1 – 3 seedling per planting hole• Optimum crop population• Organic Fertilizer• Intermiten irrigation• Weed control • Harvest and Post-harvest Handling

Application of ICM

• Reduce water input by 15-30% without yield loss using • Improve farmers’ productivity and income up to 15-30%• Adoption establishing ICM farmer field school (FFS-ICM) for maize,

and soybean production centers: Inbred Rice varieties: 2.2 million ha in 31 Provinces , 403 Districts/

Cities Hybrid Rice varieties: 228.98 thousand ha in 21 Provinces, 224

Districts/ Cities Upland Rice varieties: 350 thousand ha in 29 Provinces, 254

Districts/ Cities Maize: 206,73 thousand ha in 25 provinces, 236 Districts/ Cities

Integrated Cropping Calender System

provides spatial and tabular information in the form of web based-interactive maps and data

• Determine the time of planting for each season,• Determine cropping pattern,crop rotation and technology

recommendation• Predict the potential planting area• Reduce the risk of decline and failure of production and

losses to farmers due to drought, floods and pest attacks

Integrated Crop Livestock System

• More than 90% of domestic animals in Indonesia are found on small resource-poor farms in dry land areas, and associated with food crops.

• The aim is to improve dry land use and increase farmers' income through the integration between crops and animals

• Technology principals: Using food crop residues as feed source for ruminant

animals Supply of nutrients to the soil from manure to maintain soil

fertility

• Ruminant plantation crop integration:Cocoa- cattlePalm oil - cattleSheep - coconut, rubber, palm oil Goats – coconutGoats-citrus Pinapple - cattle



Zero Waste INNOVATION “Zero Cost”

Compos, Biogas & Bio-urine

OUTREACH AND DISSEMINATION PROGRAM

*



Research Assessment development Application

Technology components

Local specific technology

Development models

Agribussiness practices

Stages of agriculture technology transfer

National Extension System



• National : Extension Development Center, under the Ministry of Agriculture.

• Provincial : Provincial Extension Board (32 units of agricultural extension coordinator)

• District : District Extension Agency (498 units of agricultural extension coordinator)

• Sub-district : Extension Institute (4329 units of agricultural extension coordinator)

• Village: Individual Field Extension Workers (51,000 Ext. workers)

• Private Sectors and NGO

NATIONAL EXTENSION SYSTEM



Insecure tenure (land ownership, land right and land fragmentation)

Additional cost and intangible return technologies which is not clearly promising increased yield are slowly adopted

Limited Exposure of some farmers to CA technologies

LESSON LEARNED: ISSUES ON ADOPTION

Research on technology spesific location that can impove productivity

Agrarian reform (i.e semi permanent land title to the upland poor)

Incentives for farmers (i.e agricultural supplies and technological know how) particularly for upland farmer)

Promote crop and livestrock interaction

Improved extension system

Accelerate technology dissemination

POLICY IMPLICATION

Rehabilitation of fire prone shrub land into agricultural lands national appropiate mitigation actions of land based emissions (ICTTF, UNDP)

Reducing disaster risk caused by changing climate in East and West Nusa Tenggara provinces introducing and promoting CA in various agroecological zones (FAO)

Food Smart Village in Nusa Tenggara

ONGOING AND FUTURE RESEARCH

CA has been implemented by more than 50% farmers including large plantations

Encroachment into steep slope areas continues hotspot for high erosion and land slides

Promotion of CA will take a combined policy in legal aspects, insentives for farmers and dissemination of CA technological know how

CONCLUSION

THANK YOUwww.litbang.deptan.go.id

Seta R Agustina Beijing, 19-23 November 2013 CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA.

Documents

Transcript of Seta R Agustina Beijing, 19-23 November 2013 CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN INDONESIA.