Session 6 Test

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Session 6: Post Class tests 1. The equity risk premium is the premium that investors charge over and above the risk free rate to invest in equities. A key source of information about equities is earnings reports from companies. In the last two decades, companies have used both accounting discretion and operating choices to “manage” their earnings, making them smoother (less variability over time). What consequence would you expect for equity risk premiums from managed earnings? a. Equity risk premiums should go down. (Earnings are smoother) b. Equity risk premiums should go up. (Earnings are less informative) c. Equity risk premiums should not change. 2. If investors are rational, the expected equity risk premium for a market should never be less than zero. a. True b. False 3. Many analysts use past data on stock and government security returns to estimate a historical risk premium. Assume that the arithmetic (geometric) average of annual stock returns is 10% (9%) and that the arithmetic (geometric) average of annual treasury bond returns is 5% (4.5%) over a hundred year period. If the annualized standard deviation in stock returns over this period was 20%, which of the following is your fairest characterization of the historical risk premium (which you plan to use in your long term hurdle rate)? a. Historical risk premium is 5%, standard error is 20% b. Historical risk premium is 4.5%, standard error is 2% c. Historical risk premium is 5.5%, standard error is 2% d. Historical risk premium is 4%, standard error is 2% e. None of the above 4. There are some analysts who use historical risk premiums with emerging markets, using average premiums over ten to fifteen years, in their estimates. Which of the following would you be most concerned about, with this approach? a. Equity risk premiums will be too high, since emerging markets do better than developed markets. b. Equity risk premiums will be too low, if there is a bear market during the estimation period. c. A historical risk premium with only ten to fifteen years of data will have a very high standard error. d. Emerging markets are too volatile. e. Emerging markets are dynamic and changing over time. 5. The sovereign rating for Vietnam is B2 (with a default spread of 5%), the standard deviation in the Vietnamese equity index is 30% and the standard deviation in the Vietnamese government bond is 24%. If the premium for a mature market (say, the US) is 5.5%, estimate the total equity risk premium for Vietnam. a. 11.75% b. 6.25%

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Transcript of Session 6 Test

Page 1: Session 6 Test

Session  6:  Post  Class  tests  

1. The  equity  risk  premium  is  the  premium  that  investors  charge  over  and  above  the  risk  free  rate  to  invest  in  equities.  A  key  source  of  information  about  equities  is  earnings  reports  from  companies.  In  the  last  two  decades,  companies  have  used  both  accounting  discretion  and  operating  choices  to  “manage”  their  earnings,  making  them  smoother  (less  variability  over  time).  What  consequence  would  you  expect  for  equity  risk  premiums  from  managed  earnings?  

a. Equity  risk  premiums  should  go  down.  (Earnings  are  smoother)  b. Equity  risk  premiums  should  go  up.  (Earnings  are  less  informative)  c. Equity  risk  premiums  should  not  change.  

2. If  investors  are  rational,  the  expected  equity  risk  premium  for  a  market  should  never  be  less  than  zero.  

a. True  b. False  

3. Many  analysts  use  past  data  on  stock  and  government  security  returns  to  estimate  a  historical  risk  premium.  Assume  that  the  arithmetic  (geometric)  average  of  annual  stock  returns  is  10%  (9%)  and  that  the  arithmetic  (geometric)  average  of  annual  treasury  bond  returns  is  5%  (4.5%)  over  a  hundred  year  period.  If  the  annualized  standard  deviation  in  stock  returns  over  this  period  was  20%,  which  of  the  following  is  your  fairest  characterization  of  the  historical  risk  premium  (which  you  plan  to  use  in  your  long  term  hurdle  rate)?  

a. Historical  risk  premium  is  5%,  standard  error  is  20%  b. Historical  risk  premium  is  4.5%,  standard  error  is  2%  c. Historical  risk  premium  is  5.5%,  standard  error  is  2%  d. Historical  risk  premium  is  4%,  standard  error  is  2%  e. None  of  the  above  

4. There  are  some  analysts  who  use  historical  risk  premiums  with  emerging  markets,  using  average  premiums  over  ten  to  fifteen  years,  in  their  estimates.  Which  of  the  following  would  you  be  most  concerned  about,  with  this  approach?  

a. Equity  risk  premiums  will  be  too  high,  since  emerging  markets  do  better  than  developed  markets.  

b. Equity  risk  premiums  will  be  too  low,  if  there  is  a  bear  market  during  the  estimation  period.  

c. A  historical  risk  premium  with  only  ten  to  fifteen  years  of  data  will  have  a  very  high  standard  error.  

d. Emerging  markets  are  too  volatile.  e. Emerging  markets  are  dynamic  and  changing  over  time.  

 5. The  sovereign  rating  for  Vietnam  is  B2  (with  a  default  spread  of  5%),  the  

standard  deviation  in  the  Vietnamese  equity  index  is  30%  and  the  standard  deviation  in  the  Vietnamese  government  bond  is  24%.    If  the  premium  for  a  mature  market  (say,  the  US)  is  5.5%,  estimate  the  total  equity  risk  premium  for  Vietnam.  

a. 11.75%  b. 6.25%  

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c. 5%  d. 10.5%  e. None  of  the  above  

   

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Session  6:  Post  class  test  solutions  

1. b.  Equity  risk  premiums  should  rise.  If  companies  try  to  manage  and  manipulate  earnings,  investors  trust  those  earnings  numbers  less.  If  they  trust  the  earnings  numbers  less,  equities  will  become  riskier.  Thus,  earnings  management,  in  general,  even  if  it  makes  earnings  smoother  will  make  them  less  reliable  and  equity  risk  premiums  should  rise.  

2. True.  While  actual  equity  risk  premiums  can  be  negative  (in  a  period  where  stocks  do  badly  and  bonds  do  well),  the  expected  equity  risk  premium  should  be  positive,  if  investors  are  rational.  

3. b.  Risk  premium  is  4.5%,  Standard  error  is  2%.  A  risk  premium  in  a  hurdle  rate  will  get  compounded  over  time  and  is  therefore  better  computed  using  the  geometric  averages.  The  standard  error  is  computed  by  dividing  the  standard  deviation  of  20%  by  the  square  root  of  100.  

4. c.  A  historical  risk  premium  with  only  ten  to  fifteen  years  of  data  will  have  a  very  high  standard  error.  You  need  a  lot  of  historical  data  to  be  able  to  estimate  an  equity  risk  premium  with  any  degree  of  precision.  While  you  should  be  concerned  about  changing  business  risk  profiles,  that  is  a  far  smaller  problem.  

5. a.  11.75%  or  d.  10.5%.    There  are  two  solutions.  My  preferred  one  is  to  take  the  default  spread  and  scale  it  up  to  reflect  the  higher  risk  in  equities  (5%  *30/24  =  6.25%)  and  to  add  this  to  the  mature  market  premium  (5.5%).  My  second  best  solution  is  to  just  add  the  default  spread  to  the  mature  market  premium  (5.5%  +  5%  =  10.5%)