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PANORAMAMovement #5

“Apostasy”

SESSION 5

I. PRAYER / REVIEW (TIMELINE)

A. Movements / Scriptures

1. “Prologue”...............................................Genesis 1 - 11

2. “Patriarchs” ............................................Genesis 12 - 50; Job

3. “Redemption & Wanderings”..................Exodus; Leviticus; Numbers; Deuteronomy

4. “Conquest”..............................................Joshua

TODAY 5. “Apostasy”..............................................Judges; Ruth

B. Timeline Review: “Conquest” (Movement 4)

II. MOVEMENT #5: APOSTASY (TIMELINE)

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III. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL RELATED TO JUDGES & RUTH (end of this section)

A. “Judges” (Outline / Overview)

B. “Sin Cycle in Judges”

C. “The Major & Minor Judges” and “The Oppressors and Judges of Israel”

D. “Ruth” (Outline / Overview)

IV. OVERVIEW TO THE “BOOK OF JUDGES”

A. Chart

KEY THEME: KEY PHRASE: KEY CONCEPT: “Defeat & Deliverance” “did evil” “Sin Cycle”

“J U D G E S”

Days of the Judges Deeds of the Judges Difficulties during the Judges

1 3 3 16 17 21

Prologue Body Appendix

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B. Comparison to “Joshua”

“Joshua” “Judges”

• Victory of the “faith-life”

• Freedom

• Possession

• Faithfulness

• One leader prominent

• Triumph

• Success through faith (trust)

• Defeat of the “disobedient-life”

• Bondage

• Oppression

• Faithlessness

• Many judges prominent

• Tragedy

• Failure through rebellion (compromise)

V. MOVEMENT 5: APOSTASY (THEMATIC DEVELOPMENT)

A. The Situation (from “Joshua” to “Judges”)

1. YHWH’s Rest (see Joshua 23:1-5)

“After a long time had passed and the LORD had given Israel rest from all their enemies around them, Joshua, by then old and well advanced in years, summoned all Israel – their elders, leaders, judges and officials – and said to them: “I am old and well advanced in years. You yourselves have seen everything the LORD your God has done to all these nations for your sake; it was the LORD your God who fought for you. Remember how I have allotted as an inheritance for your tribes all the land of the nations that remain – the nations I conquered – between the Jordan and the Great Sea in the west. The LORD your God himself will drive them out of your way. He will push them out before you, and you will take possession of their land, as the LORD your God promised you.”

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2. Joshua’s Warning (see Joshua 23:6-13)

“Be very strong; be careful to obey all that is written in the Book of the Law of Moses, without turning aside to the right or to the left. Do not associate with these nations that remain among you; do not invoke the names of their gods or swear by them. You must not serve them or bow down to them. But you are to hold fast to the LORD your God, as you have until now. The LORD has driven out before you great and powerful nations; to this day no one has been able to withstand you. One of you routs a thousand, because the LORD your God fights for you, just as he promised. So be very careful to love the LORD your God. But if you turn away and ally yourselves with the survivors of these nations that remain among you and if you intermarry with them and associate with them, then you may be sure that the LORD your God will no longer drive out these nations before you. Instead, they will become snares and traps for you, whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from this good land, which the LORD your God has given you.”

3. “Did not drive out” (Judges 1:19, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33)

lesson to be learned:

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B. The Angel of the Lord Encounter

• Judges 2:1-3

“The angel of the LORD went up from Gilgal to Bokim and said, “I brought you up out of Egypt and led you into the land that I swore to give to your forefathers. I said, ‘I will never break my covenant with you, and you shall not make a covenant with the people of this land, but you shall break down their altars.’ Yet you have disobeyed me. Why have you done this? Now therefore I tell you that I will not drive them out before you; they will be thorns in your sides and their gods will be a snare to you.”

C. Sin Cycle of “Judges”

1. Refer to “Sin Cycle in Judges”

2. Described generally: Judges 2:6-19

a. Rest – “peace” (Josh. 23:1, cf. Othniel in Judg. 3:11)

b. Rebellion – “did evil” (11)

c. Retribution – “handed them over” (14)

d. Repentance – “then” (after repentance - 16; cf. Othniel and “cried out” in Judg. 3:9)

e. Restoration – “judges who saved” (16)

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3. Described specifically: Othniel and Judges 3:7-11

“The Israelites did evil in the eyes of the LORD; they forgot the LORD their God and served the Baals and the Asherahs. The anger of the LORD burned against Israel so that he sold them into the hands of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram Naharaim, to whom the Israelites were subject for eight years. But when they cried out to the LORD, he raised up for them a deliverer, Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, who saved them. The Spirit of the LORD came upon him, so that he became Israel’s judge and went to war. The LORD gave Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram into the hands of Othniel, who overpowered him. So the land had peace for forty years, until Othniel son of Kenaz died.”

a. Rebellion – “did evil” (7)

b. Retribution – “sold them” (8)

c. Repentance – “cried out” (9)

d. Restoration – “raised up a deliverer” (9) “saved them” (9) e. Rest – “had peace” (11)

4. Described “typologically”

a. Rest – Daily walk of fellowship with God (1 Jn. 1:7; Jn. 15:1-8)

b. Rebellion – Sin (which disrupts our fellowship/abiding) (I Jn. 1:6; Jn. 15:5; Ps. 66:18; et al.)

c. Retribution – Discipline (Heb. 12:4-11)

d. Repentance – Confession (I Jn. 1:8-9; Jas. 4:7-9; Joel 2:12-14)

e. Restoration – Restored to fellowship (see again 1 Jn. 1:5-9)

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5. Summary Statement on “Sin Cycle” (I. Jensen, Joshua: Rest-Land Won, 158)

“The cycle accentuates two prominent lines of truth: (1) the desperate sickness of the human heart, revealing its ingratitude, stubborness, rebellion and folly; and (2) God’s long-suffering, patience, love and mercy.”

D. The Major and Minor Judges

1. Refer to “The Major & Minor Judges”

2. Refer to “The Oppressors...”

VI. MOVEMENT 5: APOSTASY (BIBLICAL DEVELOPMENT)

A. Judges 1 - 3

1. The situation militarily (1)

2. The situation religiously (2)

• Note: “sin cycle”

3. The situation politically (3:1-6)

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B. Judges 3 - 16

1. Judgeship of OTHNIEL (3:7-11)

2. Judgeship of EHUD (3:12-30)

a. Rebellion – “did evil” (12)

b. Retribution – “Lord gave” (12)

c. Repentance – “cried out” (15)

d. Restoration – “deliverer” (15)

e. Rest – “peace” (30)

3. Judgeship of SHAMGAR (3:31)

4. Judgeship of DEBORAH (BARAK) (4:1 - 5:31)

Chapter 4 Chapter 5

Deborah and Barak

Story Song

Narrative Poetry

• “Sin Cycle”

• Oppressors: Jabin and Sisera

• Deliverers: Deborah and Barak

• Praise (1 - 3)

• Poetic epic (4 - 30)

• Peace (31)

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5. Judgeship of GIDEON (6:1 - 9:57)

Chapters 6-8 Chapter 9

Gideon

Story of Gideon Story of Abimelech

• “Sin Cycle”

• Call of Gideon

• Unruly son of Gideon

• Ruthless son of Gideon

• Strife between Abimelech and Shechem

• Abimelech vs. Gaal

• Justice at the end

• Gideon’s army (32,000-----10,000-----300)

• Gideon’s victory - part 1

• Gideon’s victory - part 2

• Gideon’s ephod (snare)

6

7

8 9

6. Judgeship of TOLA (10:1-2)

7. Judgeship of JAIR (10:3-5)

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8. Judgeship of JEPHTHAH (10:6 - 12:7)

a. The “sin cycle” with differences (10:6-18)

• Rebellion – “did evil (6)

1. served the gods

2. forsook the Lord

• Retribution – “sold them” (7ff)

• Repentance – two phases

1. initial confession (“cried out”) (10)

2. intense confession (“we have sinned”) (15)

lesson to be learned:

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• Restoration – 1. no deliverer raised up, BUT...

“(Lord) could bear Israel’s misery no longer” (16)

2. Jephthah introduced (chapters 11 - 12)

3. Elders’ of Gilead request:

• “be our commander” (6)

• “be our head” (8)

Question: Was this the Lord’s leadership or man’s? (see 11:19)

b. The rash vow of Jephthah

• See Judges 11:30-31

“And Jephthah made a vow to the LORD: “If you give the Ammonites into my hands, whatever comes out of the door of my house to meet me when I return in triumph from the Ammonites will be the LORD’s, and I will sacrifice it as a burnt offering.”

• Consider the vow:

(1) Was it human sacrifice?

(2) Was it dedication to perpetual service?

(3) Refer to “The Vow of Jephthah”

c. Jephthah and Ephraim (Judg. 12:1-7)

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9. Judgeship of IBZAN (12:8-10)

10. Judgeship of ELON (12:11-12)

11. Judgeship of ABDON (12:13-15)

12. Judgeship of SAMSON (13:1 - 16:31)

SAMSON

Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16

Birthof Samson

Marriageof Samson

Deedsof Samson

Downfallof Samson

• “Sin Cycle”

• Miraculous birth

• Nazirite vow

• “Spirit of the Lord”

• “Samson’s demand”

• “Spirit of the Lord”

• Riddles & Rashness

• Philistine troubles

• “Spirit of the Lord”

• Judge for 20 years

• Deception & Deliliah

• Nazirite vow broken

• “Lord had left him”

• Death

C. Judges 17-21

** Appendix to “Judges”: out of chronological order

1. Micah and the Sons of Dan (17:1 - 18:31)

2. Levite and the Benjamite War (19:1 - 21:25)

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VII. THE BOOK OF RUTH

A. Refer to Handout, “Ruth”

B. Major Purposes:

1. Ancestory of King David (the line of the future Messiah)

2. Concept of “Go’el” (kinsman-redeemer)

3. Character of God (sovereignty, providence, care, mercy, grace, lovingkindness = Heb. hesed)

VIII. FOR LESSON 6: KINGSHIP: UNITED MONARCHY

A. Minimal Reading: 1 Sam. 1, 3, 8 (Panorama 1.0)

B. Maximum Reading: 1 Sam. 1-8 (Panorama 2.0)

C. Personal Project: Take a person through the “Timeline” for this session (review previous Movements as well). Draw and explain this as best

you can.

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MOVEMENT: “APOSTASY” (#5 of 12)

BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: Judges, Ruth

BROAD OUTLINE:

JUDGES I. DAYS OF THE JUDGES (1 - 3)

II. DEEDS OF THE JUDGES (3 - 16)

III. DIFFICULTIES DURING THE JUDGES (17 - 21)

KEY THEMES / PEOPLE:

I. “Days” of the Judges (1-3)

•“sincycle”

II. “Deeds” of the Judges (3-16)

•Othniel Ehud Deborah

GideonJephthahSamson

III. “Difficulties”duringtheJudges(17-21)

•idolatry •civilwar

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SIN CYCLE IN JUDGES

Rebellion(“didevil”)

SIN CYCLE

IN JUDGES

a

a

Retribution(the oppressors)a

Repentance(“criedout”)

Restoration(the judges)

aa

Rest(blessing)

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MAJOR JUDGES

NAME SCRIPTUREREFERENCE NOTES

1.Othniel

2. Ehud

3. Deborah

4.Gideon

5. Jephthah

6.Samson

7.Eli

8.Samuel

Judges 3:1-11

Judges 3:15-30

Judges 4:1 - 5:31

Judges 6:1 - 8:35

Judges 10:6 - 12:7

Judges 13:1 - 16:31

MINOR JUDGES

1. Shamgar

2.Tola

3.Jair

4.Ibzan

5.Elon

6.Abdon

Judges 3:31 (5:6)

Judges 10:1-2

Judges 10:3-5

Judges 12:8-10

Judges 12:11-12

Judges 12:13-15

THE MAJOR AND MINOR JUDGES

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OPPRESSOR

1.Mesopotamia

2. Moab

3.Philistia

4.Canaan

5.Midian

6.CivilWarofAbimelech

7. ?

8. ?

9.Ammon

10.Philistia

Othniel

Ehud

Shamgar

Deborah

Gideon

Tola

Jair

JephthahIbzanElonAbdon

Samson

(KING) DATE JUDGE TRIBE REF. NOTES

(Cushan-risha-thaim)

(Eglon)

(Jabin)

(Oreb, Zeeb, Zebah,Zalmunna)

14th BC

14-13th BC

?-13th BC

13-12th BC

12th BC

12th BC

12th BC

12th BC

12-11th BC

12-11th BC

(Judah)

(Benjamin)

(Ephriam)

Manasseh)

(Issachar)

(Gilead)

(Gilead)(Judah??)(Zebulun)(Ephraim)

(Dan)

3:7-11

3:12-30

3:31

4:1 - 5:31

6:1 - 8:35

9:1-57

10:1-2

10:3-5

10:6 - 12:712:8-1012:11-1212:13-15

13:1 - 16:31

THE OPPRESSORS & JUDGES OF ISRAEL

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MOVEMENT: “APOSTASY” (#5 of 12)

BOOKS OF THE BIBLE: JUDGES, RUTH

BROAD OUTLINE:

Key Time-frame: “In the days when the judges ruled ...” (Ruth 1:1)

Key Characters: Naomi, Ruth, Boaz

Key Locations: From Moab to Bethlehem

Key Concepts: Widows’ plight Kinsman-Redeemer (Levirate Law) Genealogy of David (and Christ)

“RUTH”

Chapter Title

1 Ruth and Naomi: Returning to Judah

2 Ruth and Boaz: Gleaning in the Fields

3 Ruth and Boaz: Lying on the Threshing Floor

4 Ruth and Boaz: Marrying the Kinsman-Redeemer

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PANORAMA OF THE BIBLE

THE VOW OF JEPHTHAH by Robert V. Cupp

Judges 11:30-31 (NASB)

“And Jephthah made a vow to the LORD and said, ‘If Thou wilt indeed give the sons of Ammon into my hand, then it shall be that whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me when I return in peace from the sons of Ammon, it shall be the LORD’s, and I will offer it up as a burnt offering.’ ”

Judges 11:30-31 (KJV)

“And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, ‘If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands, Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD’s, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.’ ”

Judges 11:30-31 (NIV)

“And Jephthah made a vow to the LORD: ‘If you give the Ammonites into my hands, whatever comes out of the door of my house to meet me when I return in triumph from the Ammonites will be the LORD’S, and I will sacrifice it as a burnt offering.’ ”

CENTRAL QUESTION:

WHAT WAS JEPTHAH’S VOW?

Did Jephthah actually sacrifice his daughter in obedience to his vow unto the Lord or did Jephthah dedicate his daughter to celibate and perpetual service to unto the Lord?

SCHOLARLY OPINION:

Scholars differ in their determination. The following list gives selected prominent scholars for each of the two major viewpoints.

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“Panorama of the Bible”

SACRIFICED DEDICATED

1.H.A.Hoffner2.C.F.Pfeiffer3. Josephus4. M. Luther5.J.B.Payne6.F.F.Bruce7.A.C.Gaebelein8.A.Barnes9.J.J.Davis10. J.M. Meyers

MAIN ARGUMENTS:

1.I.L.Jensen

2.G.L.Archer

3.C.F.Keil

4.L.Wood

5.J.V.McGee

6.F.E.Young

SACRIFICED

1. The Hebrew word for burnt offering (olah) has the idea of sacrificial, burnt offering.

2. Jephthah’s questionable background and early influences plus later human sacrifices in Scripture (2 Kings 3; 2 Chron. 28; 2 Kings 21) make the incident probable and expected.

3. Simply because Jephthah was a judge does not make him without sin (cf Gideon’s ephod, Samson’s questionable activities, etc.).

4. If Jephthah was capable of slaughtering 42,000 fellow Israelites over a dispute (Judges 12), certainly he is capable of this rash act.

5. The bewailing of the daughter’s virginity (11:36-40) seems best to be linked to impending death.

6. The natural reading of the text makes a literal sacrifice most likely.

DEDICATED

1. God condemned human sacrifice (Lev. 18:21; 20:2-5; Deut. 12:31, etc.) and Jephthah would have known this (for Jephthah’s knowledge of Israelite history and law, see 11:15-27).

2. Jephthah knew a human being would meet him because an animal sacrifice would be inappropriate for such a great victory.

3. Jephthah was a godly man (cf. Heb. 11 and also the good context of 1 Sam. 12:11) and would not do this, particularly after the Spirit of the Lord came upon him (11:29).

4. If the daughter was to be slain, there seems to be no point in

bemoaning her virginity (11: 37-39).

5. Women are recorded as working in the Tabernacle (1 Sam. 2:22; Ex. 38:8).

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“PanoramaoftheBible”

6. The conjunction (“waw”) could be translated “or” as well as “and”. Here, the “or” translation fits best.

7. Jephthah is emotionally balanced and not a rash, impulsive man (note his attempt to negotiate peace, deep consideration of the offer to be the leader of Gilead; note also the character of his daughter whom he had raised).

8. What of public opinion? Where could such a sacrifice have been accomplished? Who would do it? (Would a Levitical priest do such a thing, even in a vow to the Lord?) In 1 Sam. 14:39-45, Saul’s soldiers (public opinion) prevent Jonathon (Saul’s son) from being put to death by his father.

9. What statement in Judges 11 or any other passage records that the daughter of Jephthah was burned, killed or in any way lost her life?

10. Following the statement that Jephthah observed his vow is the next phrase that his daughter had no relations with a man (11:39). If sacrificial death was the vow, then the sexual

abstinence report makes no sense.

FOR FURTHER RESEARCH:

Read the arguments of the following scholars in their respective works:

SACRIFICED

1) Davis, John J. and Whitcomb, John C. A History of Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1980, pp. 124-128.

DEDICATED

2) Wood, Leon. Distressing Days of the Judges. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975, pp. 287-295.