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Transcript of Session 4-Requirements-Function Diagram REV
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
1 Successful Product Systems
2 Design Process
3 Definition: System
4 Identifying System Functions
5 Sorting Functions
6 Setting Function Requirements
Development of Design Requirements
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Synonyms for Requirement; specification, criterion, objective, target
Requirement: That which is required or demanded
System Level Requirements: what is demanded of the whole product.
Subsystem Level Requirements: what is demanded from subsystems of the product.
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Voice of customer
Product system requirements
Flow down of requirements
Subsystem requirements
Componentrequirements
CustomerAcceptance
Product systemtests
subsystemtests
Component tests
Flow Down of Requirements
Design PerformanceValidation
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Voice of customer
Product system requirements
Flow down of requirements
Subsystem requirements
Componentrequirements
Example: Flow Down of Requirements
Brew in 3 minutes
“I want a fast cup of coffee”
Heater element will provide 100 BTU / minute
Transfer at least 90 BTU / minute to water
heat transfermodel
Our interest is to set Product system requirements
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Need
Customer
functionsI need a quick cup of coffee
brew fast
Example-Coffer maker
Brew 6 cups in3 minutes
performed to a desired
level
Requirement
SystemCoffee maker
How do we know what numbers to use?
complaintshelps identify the most important function deficiencies of the current product
Kano catagoryhelps identify a function which would differentiate our product
Containing system mapwhat areas to research for needs/constraints
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Market Place
Product Benchmarking
Manufacture & Distribute
CustomerUse
Customer will compare your redesigned product to others in the market place We need to set our requirement levels relative to competitive products
Product Benchmarking is the activity of investigating performance of competitive products
Designprocess
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
“My bike should be easy to pedal”
Benchmarking as an aid to set requirements
effort to pedal at 5 mph(low gear, flat road)
Need
System=bicycle
Functionsatisfied by
20 10 5
Benchmark Competitive bikes
Effort at pedal, (N)SchwinnHuffyToys R UsRaleigh
better
15
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Set requirements by comparison to competitive performance
Just Acceptable Level
Best in Class Level
Our Requirement
?
range of performance today
Effort at pedal, (N) better
20 10 515
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
• Industry Status• Lateral Technologies• Kano category
Setting the requirement with respect to benchmarked Products
some helpful tools:
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
1885
chain and sprocket pedal drive is perfected
1876
spoke arrangement allows more torque to be applied
Evolution of an Industry
time1816
bicycle appears as novelty – you ran along to power
1863
many variants in powering using direct pedals, linkage to front or rear wheel
1870
an understanding of power matching begins
Measure of Product
Performance(Ease of
powering )
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Novelty Dynamic Phase Static Phase
S Curve for an Industry
Measure of Product Performance
time
Evolutionary, Incrementalchanges can be predicted based on current performance
Innovative, Radical changes
better
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Importance of Product Status to requirements
1. Which product attributes to emphasize during design depend on product status
2. Knowing the product status indicates whether future requirement levels need to be incremental improvements or large compared with today’s performance levels
3.If a product is known to be static it is possible to identify the extent of an innovation necessary to end the static plateau
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Functional Performance
•Cost•Quality
Novelty
How to distinguish your product in the market place
•Fashion
competing products
Characteristics which will attract customer to your product
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Ease of opening can Dynamic Phase Static Phase
1927
initial dynamic phase ended with
Invention by Ezra J. Warner 1858
1858
Evolution of an Industry – Can OpenerCanned food invented for British Navy in 1813Instructions to open can: Cut around the top edge with a chisel
Attracting customers with fashion in the
Static Phase
1867
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Importance of Product Status to requirements
1. Which product attributes to emphasize during design depend on product status
2. Knowing the product status indicates whether future requirement levels need to be incremental improvements or large compared with today’s performance levels
3.If a product is known to be static it is possible to identify the extent of an innovation necessary to end the static plateau
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Using Product Status in setting requirements
time
perfo
rman
ce
now
when the product now being designed will enter the market
where competitive
products are today
where competitive products will
probably be in future
Rate of improvement
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Typical rate of improvementDynamic Product: 40%-100% per year
Moore's Law Gordon Moore, Intel Co-founder, 1965
Doubling of CPU capacity every 2 years
Using Product Status in setting requirements
example:Computer
CPU capacity
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Typical rate of improvement•Static Product: 0-10%/year
Using Product Status in setting requirements
15171921
23252729
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005year
CA
FE m
pg
6%
0.2%
www.nhtsa.dot.gov
exampleCar fuel economy
Rate of improvement
set to increase in near future
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Importance of Product Status to requirements
1. Which product attributes to emphasize during design depend on product status
2. Knowing the product status indicates whether future requirement levels need to be incremental improvements or large compared with today’s performance levels
3.If a product is known to be static it is possible to identify the extent of an innovation necessary to end the static plateau
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
time
Poor performance because we aren't very good at achieving the desired function
EitherThe product is ideal and meets customer needs completely
Beginning mastery of technology with rapid improvements
Industry S CurveUnderlying reason for curve
Industry Performance
forattribute or
there is a forced trade off in meeting two functions simultaneously and it is difficult to get better
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Why a static plateau?A forced conflict in functions
Easy to slice lid
conflictingrequirements
Safe to use
Sharp edge
Bluntedge
trade-off
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
1927
Disruptive Innovation at System Level
New TechnologyNon exposed cutting edge
1923
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Innovation Always Eliminates a Trade-Off forced by the Current Technology
Easy to slice lid
Non exposed cutting edge very sharp, yet user is protected
Safe to use
no conflictingrequirements
Can have both in same product
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
A New Static Phase but with better performance
1927today
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
A New Static Phase but with better performance
innovation innovationtime
performance
technology 1
technology 2
technology 3
Manufacture & Distribute
CustomerUse
Designprocess
Market place
Perfect competition delivers products with ever increasing levels of performance
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
1962–1965
West GermanyGM Opel Kadett
1965–1973
1973–1979
1979–1984
1984–1991
1963 1991
East GermanyTrabant
Manufacture & Distribute
CustomerUse
Designprocess
Market placePerfect Competition delivers
products with ever increasing levels of performance
Without the driver of Perfect Competition, products become truly static
The S curve is not a law of nature
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Identifying Product StatusQuestionnaire
Two pages of Yes/No questions; Total the answers for both pages to get indication of product status
• Has there been a technical advance recently that may be used to replace this product?
• Do most companies making this product appear to copy each other?
• Must new designs use the existing production facilities?
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
time
perfo
rman
ce
now
where competitive products are
today
when the product now
being designed will enter the
market
where competitive products will
probably be in future
future
now
better
Just Acceptable Level today
Best in Class Level today
Pedal effort(N)
10 520
Using Product Status in setting requirements
Manufacture & Distribute
CustomerUse
Market Place
Designprocess
Design Lead Time
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Where to get data for benchmark data
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Product Benchmarking
• Product Status• Lateral Technologies
looking at how a function is provided in other industries
• Kano category
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Blending time (min)0.53
Delightful
Lateral Technologies may show the way to improved performance not seen in competitive products
Competitive product
Lateral Product/ Technology
Industrial grade chemistry lab blender
Lateral means something performing a similar function, but outside of the industry our product is in.
Blender
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
www.delphion.comalso Google patents
sources for lateral technology
patents
www.google.com
image search
search on function
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Product Benchmarking
• Industry Status• Lateral Technologies• Kano category
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Just AcceptableLevel
Kano Category use in setting requirements
betterBest in
Class Level
Expected
Normal
Delightful
• Meet minimal acceptable level within competition• No value in overachieving• Trade-off attribute level if in conflict with a Delightful or Normal function, but do not go below minimal level
•Provide greater functionality than competition•Compromise other functions in trade-off conflict with this function•Do not lose focus on the function during design (include in mission)
•Use Brand identity to determine which normal functions to set high•Trade-off attribute level if in conflict with a Delightful function•All Normal functions need to be competitive
Constraint•Meet minimal acceptable level•If in conflict with a Delightful function, verify need for constraint
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Using all the tools to set the requirementContaining system function, Kano category, Benchmarking,
Lateral Technology, Product Status
Blending time (min)
Competitive Products
future performance based on industry status(static industry, 1 year design lead time)
Our Requirement
Delighting function
Lateral Product
Still a judgment, but a data driven judgment
better
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Documenting Requirements
• Product Design Specifications—PDS Documenting the requirements
• QFD
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
The PDS is very conveniently created on Excel. This allows
•sorting based on Kano Category, Interacting System, Constraint/Need
•graphing benchmarked levels
•tracking actual performance during design
Attribute / Function units
interactingsystem
constraint or
needKano
category
Product Design Specification - PDS
2.5
0.7
<300-constraintkitchen counter
mm
1.51.52.0normalneedcustomer litervolume blended
Delightfulneedcustomer 0.91.50.5MinutesBlend Time
Total height
smaller bettertargetbettersmallerbetter
req’m’ttype
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Project Example- Product Design Specifications
more pages
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
more pages
Project Example-Product Design Specifications
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
... be directly related to a function ... be directly related to a function
• either a customer need or constraint
... be as solution-neutral as possible ... be as solution-neutral as possible
• use system thinking; relate to functions not parts
... be prioritized ... be prioritized
• constraint or Kano catagory
Every requirement should Every requirement should
Final check on requirements
... be suitable to be used for the evaluation of a solution ... be suitable to be used for the evaluation of a solution
• quantified, clear formulation
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Containing system analysis•Brew coffee•Look good on counter•easy to clean
Relationship of tools for product planning
Product Design Specification(PDS) norma
lneedcustom
erlitervolu
meblended
Delightful
needcustomer
.7.91.5
.5Minutes
Blend Time
Document the results of the product planning phase.
What functions does the product need to provide—to the customer, for the constraints?
Blending time (min)0.53 1
Delightful
TargetBenchmarking•Industry•Lateral
What level of performance is seen in the market today?
Like
Like
Normal
Don't Care
Don't Like
Care LikeNormal Don'tDon't
Normal
Expected
Delightful
KanoCustomer complaints andKano analysis
What are the most important functions?
SStatic/Dynamicproduct status
Industry S curve What level of performance will be seen in the market when our redesigned product is available?What will differentiate out product?
Tool Purpose
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Product Design Specification
Relationship of ToolsRequirements Capture
Containing System Map
•Brew coffee•Look good on counter•easy to clean
•Braun
•Krupps
•Celestial Seasons Tea
time
perf
dynstatic
Product Status
Fuel Economy (mpg)
35 4025X
Benchmarking
normalneedcustomer litervolumeblended
Delightfulneedcustomer .7.91.5.5MinutesBlend Time
Attribute/Function units
interactingsystem
constraint or
needKano
category
KanoCatagory
Like
Like
Normal
Don't Care
Don't Like
Care LikeNormal Don'tDon't
Normal
Expected
Delightful
Kano
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Documenting the results of the product planning phase
• Product Design Specifications• QFD a brief review
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Number of Design Changes
Time(months)Enter
Market
Typical US company1990
Japanese company1990
Fast to marketQuality at start up
HOW?
EnterMarket
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
"The foundation of the house of quality is the belief that products
should be designed to reflect customer's desires and tastes.
Marketing people, design engineers, and manufacturing staff must
work closely together from the time a product is first conceived."
The House of Quality, Hauser and Clausing
Quality Function Deployment
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Customer attributes
3
Tim
e to
bre
wm2 m cups
Quality Function Deployment Matrix-Example
importance to customer
Engineering Characteristics
sec
requiredcurrent
competitor #1competitor #2
Performance
3020025050
0.70.70.60.8
0.30.20.40.5
4652
Brew Coffee Fast
Fit well on kitchen counter
Makes enough coffee
1
2
Foot
prin
t siz
e
cups
bre
wed
heig
ht
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
•Customer Attributes
•need importance
QFD Structure-Customer Attributes
higher number more important
Customer attributes are the needs the customer wants in the product expressed as the 'voice of the customer'
Brew Coffee Fast
Fit well on kitchen counter
Makes enough coffee
3
1
2
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
•Engineering Characteristics
QFD Structure-Engineering CharacteristicsEngineering Characteristics are objective, quantifiable
measures for product performance; you can measure in the lab
Tim
e to
bre
w
Foot
prin
t siz
e
heig
ht
cups
bre
wed
sec m2 m cups•Units
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
QFD Structure-C.A. to E.C correlations in matrix
Customer Attribute-to-Engineering Characteristic correlation
Strength of relationshipHigh =9Medium =3Low =1
Customer attributes
Brew Coffee Fast
Fit well on kitchen counter
Makes enough coffee
Tim
e to
bre
w
Foot
prin
t siz
e
heig
ht
cups
bre
wed
Engineering Characteristics
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Engineering Characteristic benchmarking
QFD Structure-Engineering Characteristic Benchmarking
Tim
e to
bre
w
Foot
prin
t siz
e
heig
ht
cups
bre
wed
sec m2 m cups
current product competitor #1competitor #2
20025050
0.70.60.8
0.20.40.5
652
Units
Engineering Characteristics
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
QFD Structure-Requirements
Requirement for each engineering
characteristic
Tim
e to
bre
w
Foot
prin
t siz
e
heig
ht
cups
bre
wed
sec m2 m cups
required 30 0.7 0.3 4
Engineering Characteristics
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Relationship of ToolsRequirements Development
Containing System Map
customer Needs=Customer Attributes
•Kano Sorting•Mission Statement
•Complaining listImportance
Benchmarking
smooth blend 0.53 1Delightful
Target
Competitive Products
Functions=Engineering Characteristics
normalneedcustomer
litervolumeblended
Delightful
needcustomer
.7.91.5.5Minutes
Blend Time
Product Design Specifications
Eng. Char. requirement
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
What Engineers count
Engineering Characteristics
Engineers can quantify and measure many thingsbut
Not everything that is countable counts
What Matters Voice of the customerCustomer Attributes
make sure what you are measuring relates to something the customer cares about
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Engineering Measurement for Rocker Size
VehicleDiameter of
circumscribing circle, inches
Hudson 4.0
Rambler 3.5
Datsun 2.8
Nash 3.2
Studebaker 2.9
Was there a relationship of this measurement to Voice of the customer?
“I want a Solid ride”“I want a car that can take some abuse”“I want a safe car”
NoNoNo
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Beware!
1. QFD requires DATA.-Avoid just capturing your own opinions-Use data from
-Containing system map-Customer complaint list-Kano categories-Mission Statement-benchmarking-both industry and lateral-S curve
2. Excessive detail is not helpful.Wall size charts with hundreds of rows are less effective than one with the essential 7-12 functions (precious few)
3. Not every thing that is countable counts.QFD can invite meaningless quantification, especially in quantifying the Customer Attribute importance
4. QFD is focused on voice of the CUSTOMER. The product must also meet CONSTRAINTS
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
productplanning
detail design
embodimentdesign
understand customer needs
andconstraints
Use of Requirements
conceptualdesign
requirements PDS
1
2
3
4
to create product concepts
to select best concept
to optimize parameters
to validate final design
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Development of Design Requirements1 Successful Product Systems
2 Design Process
3 Definition: System
4 Identifying System Functions
5 Sorting Functions
6 Setting Function Requirements• Product Design Specifications• QFD
7 Defining Subfunctions – Function Diagram
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
ConceptualDesign
ProductPlanning
understand customer needs
andconstraints
requirements PDS
Functions (actions)
product concepts (things)
Function Diagram shows what needs to be accomplished without referring to how to accomplish it
Function Diagram
Function Diagram encourages seeking new ways to satisfy customer needs over those currently used in the product
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Example Function Diagram– Display Time
energy
signal
time
inputs outputsenergymaterialsignal
energymaterialsignal
System
Displaytime of
day
power
generate periodic signal
accumulate signal count
transform count to time of day
display time signal
store power
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
energy
signal
time
power
generate periodic signal
accumulate signal count
transform count to time of day
display time signal
store power
Pendulum Clock Design Concept
pendulum ratchet mechanism
gear train rotating hands
dropping weight
lift weight
Example Function Diagram– Display Time
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
energy
signal
time
power
generate periodic signal
accumulate signal count
transform count to time of day
display time signal
store power
Wind up Wrist Watch Design Concept
torsional spring/wheel
ratchet mechanism
gear train rotating hands
torsional main spring
wind up stem
Example Function Diagram– Display Time
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
energy
signal
time
power
generate periodic signal
accumulate signal count
transform count to time of day
display time signal
store power
Digital Watch Design Concept
quartz oscillator
digital circuit
LCD controller
LCD
batterychargebattery
Example Function Diagram– Display Time
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
radiation from sun
energy
signal
time
generate periodic signal
accumulate signal count
transform count to time of day
display time signal
store power
rotation of earth
shadowgraduated pattern
Position of sun
Example Function Diagram– Display TimeSun Dial Design Concept
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
The properties of a signal;•detection of some physical condition in the product or surroundings•creation of information about what is detected•changing the state of the product based on this information
Definitions: energy, material, signal
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Function diagram constructionThe purpose:
Step away from the current physical parts of a product and look instead at the functions being performed.
To make a function diagram:
1) Identify the main function of the product
2) Determine the steps needed to perform this main function. These are all actions not physical things. The steps are the sub-functions.
After completing the diagram, test its validity on the current product design. Can you map each part to a sub-function ?
Using the diagram:
With a valid function diagram, you can consider alternative hardware to perform the sub-functions and meet the design mission better.
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
inputs outputsenergymaterialsignal
energymaterialsignal
Function – Blend contents
Function Diagram ExampleBlender
System
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Function – Blend Contents
accept power
convert power to motion
mixing motion
chopping motion
energy
materialaccept contents
contain contents
signal control the type of motion
dispense contents
materialraw foodliquidice
blendedcontents
controls
chop and mix contents
signalindication of completion
inputs outputsenergymaterialsignal
energymaterialsignal
System
Blendcontents
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Function DiagramPotato Harvesting Machine
Energy
Potatoes in the ground
Signal
Harvest potatoes
Potatoes harvestedPotatoes rejectedLeavesSoil and dust
Jongwon Kim, Seoul National University
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Jongwon Kim, Seoul National University
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
energy
material
signal
material
signal
Function Diagram-Flow FormatFormat useful when actions occur serially
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Clean Clothes
Function Diagram-Hierarchy Format
Contain Cleaning
Fluid
Agitate Clothes
Heat Cleaning Process
Control process time and degree
Format useful when several actions must occur simultaneouslyor if product has several states-of-use
Washing machine exampleOrdering --1. Function, 2. Subfunctions to accomplish function, 3. Sub-subfunctions to accomplish subfunction
CleanTIme
FluidTemp
AgitationLevel
WaterLevel
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Umbrella
Function Diagram-Hierarchy Format
Collapsefor storage
Coveruser
Umbrella Example- Two states-of-use
provideholder
SupportcanopyActuateLock
Closeddivertrain
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
How will the Function Diagram be used
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Store Nails
IsolateNail
Sensetrip
TriggerTool
Convert energy to translational energy
Store or accept external energy
Apply Translational energy to nail
Nails
Trip of tool
Energy
DrivenNail
How will the Function Diagram be used
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
Using the function diagram to create design concepts
Convert ElectricalEnergy to
Translational Energy
ApplyTranslational
Energy to Nail
Alternative Working Principlesto accomplish subfunctions
we are beginning to identify hardware which accomplishes the function but is not limited to current product
Session 4- Requirements, QFD, Function Analysis
Donald E Malen, [email protected]
productplanning
detail design
embodimentdesign
understand customer needs
andconstraints
Pahl/Beitz: Engineering Design
Concept Design Phase
conceptualdesign
to create many design alternatives
to analyze design alternatives
to select the best design alternative