Session 4 Notes

I.a. 450 million years old

I.b. i. No longer a water bath

1. gravity

ii. Water

1. for extracting and transporting water

2. for preventing water loss

I.c. Mycorrhizae (fungus)

i. root of plant

2. extract phosphorus and other minerals

from the soil

3. get food from the plant as well as

housing

ii. Water

1. for extracting and transporting water

2. for preventing water loss

II. Bryophytes (non-vascular)

a.1. Liverworts

a.2. Hornworts

a.3. Mosses

e. Water

III. Tracheophytes (vascular plants)

b.i Psilopsid (ferns)

b.ii. Gymnosperm (conifers)

b.iii. Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Liverworts

Hornworts

Mosses

Psilopsid (ferns)

Gymnosperm (conifers)

Angiosperm (conifers)

IV. Reproduction Basics

a.i. ONE

b.i. TWO

b.ii.1. sperm

b.ii.2. eggSexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction

Advantages:Combines DNA from two different organisms (male and female) to create genetic diversityGives a greater ability to colonize new environments and adapt to changing conditionsEliminates deleterious genes Disadvantages:Expensive, requires resources and energy

Advantages:Can occur rapidlyRequires fewer resources and less energyNo risk in fertilization (only one parent needed)   Disadvantages: All progeny are the sameNo genetic variation 

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction