CAFNET Initiative – An effort to

sustain evergreen agroforests of

Western GhatsC.G.Kushalappa*, Raghuramulu. Y**Phillippe Vaast***

Fregus Sinclair*** and Claude Garcia****

*College of Forestry, UAHS,Shimoga, India

** Coffee Board of India, Bangalore , India

*** World Agroforestry Centre , Nairobi, Kenya

**** ETH, Zurich , Switzerland

Coffee and Economy – Second largest traded

commodity

Coffee and Ecology - Biodiversity Hot Spots

Coffee Agroforests- Shade grown and tree integration

Coffee and Livelihoods – Small farmers

TREES FOR LIFE

2

Coffee and Conservation-Context of CANET

Study area- Cauvery watershed

One of the densely wooded district in India. 80%

Highest density of sacred forests in the world.

Largest shade coffee growing region in India 36%

Rich and endemic biodiversity

Landscape which contributes to range of ES

Ecotourism

FROM GREEN TO EVERGREEN REVOLUTION.

GREEN LANDSCAPE–EVERGREEN DEVLOPMENT

Kodagu – A Green Landscape

Garcia 2011

Raja’s seat, Madikeri

Landscape Mosaic

Coffee

Orange

PepperHoney

Cardamom

Our natural treasures

Dynamics in Coffee Agro Forests

Private Forest > Cardamom> Coffee

Arabica>Shaded Robusta>Open Robusta

Native shade trees> Exotic trees

Loss of biodiversity

Impact on ecosystem services

Increase in human animal conflicts

Increase coffee yield and farm income

Cafnet final report 2011 8

19771997

Landscape dynamics

Coffee -100%

Forest -30%

Evergreen Forests

Coffee Plantations

Deciduous Forests2007

How to address these dynamics and continue to produce economically and ecologically

sustainable farm products?

From Productivity to quality productivity.

From Regulation to Certification.

From Subsidies to Incentives.

From Agriculture to Agri- Business.

Ecosystem service valuation andincentives for sustainable agroforestry

Highlights CAFNET Study

Documentation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge

Biodiversity inventory of coffee plantations.

Water dynamics and hydrological studies

Carbon sequestration

Impact on production and quality

Sustaining the cultivation

TEK and Biodiversity

Six Knowledge Bases on TEK of 249 farmers

Biodiversity of 114 estates

Trees enumerated 20030

240 tree species

120 birds

Microbial diversity

Large and small mammals

Tree density in coffee plantations and natural forest. Cafnet final report 2011

Tree/ha

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Large Medium Small Sacred Forests Natural Forest

Estate size

Agroforests of high tree density

Composition of trees in coffee estates Cafnet Final report 2011

Agroforests with high tree Diversity

20%

10%

5%

4%

4%

57%

Grevillea robusta

Erythrina lithosperma

Acrocarpus fraxinifolius

Areca catechu

Artocarpus heterophyllus

Others

Bird friendly coffee

. Impact of Silver Oak on bird diversity

Habitat and corridors

High conflict leading toloss of life and crops

In 2013 64 elephantsresiding in plantations

Feeding on coffee

Elephants like coffee

0%20%40%

60%80%

100%

Total

Sample

(N=209)

Juveniles

(N=24)

Adults

(N=123)

Pe

rc

en

ta

ge

o

f d

un

g p

ile

s

Age catergory

0 seeds

1-50 seeds

>50 seeds

Total carbon sequestered in forest and CBAF

Carbon(t/ha)

system Tree Coffee Soil Litter Total

Forest 97 - 97 2,4 196

Arabica

native

88 4,8 112 1,6 206

Arabica

exotic

73 3,3 105 2,2 183

Robusta

native

78 13,0 90 1,8 182

Robusta

exotic

47 10,1 78 1,9 138

Phillipe et al, 2009

Particular High(>60) Low(<60)

Average shade 73.7 56.3

Coffee yield

(Quintals/acre) 6 8.9

Total cost of coffee

cultivation (Rs/acre) 13673 17739

Net income from coffee

(Rs/acre) 13950 23175

Income from intercrops

(Rs/acre) 4759 7483

Net income from coffee

+ intercrops (Rs/acre) 18709 30658

Economics of shade

1. Eco-certification-Elephant ,Civet and Bird friendly

2. Geographic Indications –

3. Forest Certification

4. Eco-tourism

5. Landscape Labeling

Sustainable coffee Cultivation – Way for Future

Eco-Certification -CANET Initiative

Ecom Gill , Ned commodities and Coffee Board

partnership.

Eight farmer groups and 89 farmers certified

under project for RAF and UTZ

Additionally large corporate and 90 individual

farmers certified

Landscape Labelling

TEAM - CAFNET INDIA