Session 1: Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?

SESSION 1: STRENGTHENING BORDER BIOSECURITY

Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?

Kyla Finlay

biosecurity built on science

Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?

Alan Yen, Kyla Finlay, John Weiss (DEDJTR Vic), Alison Saunders (PHA), Alan Wain (BOM)

& James Walker (NAQS)


What is the problem?Long distance natural (wind-assisted) dispersal of exotic pests and pathogens into Australia is a

very real and underestimated biosecurity risk


H

Wet season northerlies

LL

High pressure ridge

Prevailing winds →


What are we doing about it?

1. Review of long distance natural dispersal wind patterns – wind trajectory analysis, synoptic charts, collaboration with BOM

Monthly % of winds from Indonesia that crossed the Aust mainland 1994 -1998

D&E Jan 62%

C Dec 55%



2. Review Industry Biosecurity plans

Aims To determine extent of knowledge regarding long distance natural dispersal To review the pest and pathogens threat lists to determine if the present

risk assessment accurately reflects the risk posed by long distance natural dispersal -


Common name Taxa Species EntryOverall

risk Distribution Huanglongbing/ citrus greening (African strain) BAC Candidatus Liberibacter africanus HIGH HIGH Africa

Huanglongbing/ citrus greening (American strain) BAC Candidatus Liberibacter

americanus HIGH HIGH Americas

Huanglongbing/ citrus greening (Asiatic strain) BAC Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus HIGH EXT Asia

Citrus stubborn disease BAC Spiroplasma citri MED HIGH US, Mediterranean

Citrus canker BAC Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri HIGH HIGH worldwide

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) BAC Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca HIGH HIGH Central & South America

Mexican fruit fly DIPT Anastrepha ludens MEDHIGH Central

AmericaCarambola fruit fly DIPT Bactrocera carambolae HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaOriental fruit fly DIPT Bactrocera dorsalis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaFruit Fly DIPT Bactrocera kandiensis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaFruit Fly DIPT Bactrocera occipitalis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaNew Guinea fruit fly DIPT Bactrocera trivialis HIGH HIGH PNG, IndonesiaAsiatic/Asian citrus psyllid HEM Diaphorina citri HIGH EXT Asia

Glassy winged sharpshooter (GWSS) HEM Homalodisca coagulata MEDHIGH America, Pacific

Islands, Hawaii

African citrus psyllid HEM Trioza erytreae MED EXT Africa

Citrus fruit borer LEP Citripestis sagittiferella HIGHHIGH Western

Indonesia, Asia Bean thrips THYS Caliothrips fasciatus HIGH HIGH NZ

Florida flower thrips THYS Frankliniella bispinosa HIGHHIGH US, Central

America

Citrus leprosis VIR Citrus leprosis virus (Cilevirus) MED HIGH Central & South America

eg mandarin stem pitting, citrus tristeza VIRCitrus tristeza virus (Closterovirus) exotic strains (aphid vector)

HIGH HIGH worldwide

High priority citrus pests and pathogens

Distribution of D. citri (cabi.org)


Potential wind-borne biosecurity risks for Citrus

Asiatic citrus psyllidCitrus greening/HLB – Asian Strain Fruit fly Citrus fruit borerBlack mildewCacao mealybug

GWSS?Oriental Fruit Fly

Bean thripsMexican Fruit Fly ?

African citrus psyllidCitrus greening/HLB- African StrainCitrus scale?

Asiatic citrus psyllidCitrus greening/HLB – Asian StrainFruit fly Citrus fruit borerMango mealybugFruit tree mealybug



3. Review of trapping techniques and surveillance strategies What is being done ? What traps are used? What is the most useful natural dispersal trap / surveillance

strategy for a specific pathway / pest / location and habitat?



4. Developing and testing a new passive wind suction trap

The “Zellot” Trap


How will this research be delivered?

Field days and training case studies – potato, citrus and sugarcane

Publications / guidelines to biosecurity community outline more effective surveillance design and strategies

Workshops with industry On-ground field days Scientific publications – improved surveillance

design New passive trap


Who will benefit from this research? Fed and state biosecurity agencies - NAQS, BV, TAS DPIWE

targeted and timely surveillance protocols proactive preparedness strategies

NAQS - implementation of improved surveillance strategies based on plant biosecurity risks rather than the animal risk zones.

PHA, SNPHS – Improved strategic capability through increased awareness of natural

dispersal pathways, opportunity to improve IBP (better risk assessment)

Horticulture Industry– increase the chance of early detection better use of limited resources Natural dispersal risk maps for Potato , Sugarcane, Citrus


End-User Advocate’s Perspective

“This project will certainly better inform biosecurity planning and surveillance for our industries’ high priority pests that have wind dispersal as a significant pathway”.

”I also believe it may be possible to establish some general rules or models that can assist us in estimating the significance of the wind dispersal pathways for the myriad of the unknown pests we assess in biosecurity planning processes”.

“On the trap – I cant wait to see how this clever piece of engineering works out in the field, particularly in our more remote locations.”


What’s next?

Field trials of the new passive trap

Rules for determining likelihood of wind dispersed pests

Processing bulk samples using next generation sequencing for

rapid DNA species identification


Thank youFor more information, please email [email protected]

PBCRC is established and supported under the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme

Alison SaundersNational Manager Horticulture, PHA

Alan Yen – Project Leader, Entomologist Kyla Finlay - Research Entomologist John Weiss – Ecologist, Modeller Mark Blackett – Entomologist, Diagnostics

James Walker Plant Biosecurity Program Manager NAQS

Alan WainMeteorologist

Lionel HillEntomologist Les Zeller

Engineer

mailto:[email protected]

Session 1: Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?

Science

Transcript of Session 1: Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?