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7/27/2019 Services Semi..Final
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INFORMATION ON
SERVICES
FIRE FIGHTING
PLUMBING
ELECTRICAL
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
INFORMATION ON SERVICES by-Rabi Narayan Mohanty Vijay Kumar Verma (M.Arch.-I)
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Take any of these four things away
,and you willnot have a fire or the
fire will be extinguished
FIRE TYPES / FIRE TRIANGLE
FIRE FIGHTING
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FIXED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS /
INSTALLATIONS
(a) Systems/Installations based on water:
(i) Hydrant Installations;
(ii) Automatic Sprinkler Installations;
(iii) Automatic Water Spray Installations;
(b) Systems/Installations based on foam:(c) Systems/Installations using CO2:
(i) Automatic CO2 installations (High Pressure )
(ii) Automatic CO2 installations (Low Pressure )
(e) Systems/Installations using dry powder:
(d) Systems/Installations based on clean gaseous
extinguishing agents:
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Hydrant Systems can be of two types:
(a) External Hydrant System, where the hydrants
are installed in the open, like the city or town
water mains, or hydrantsystems installed in the
open areas in industrial or such other
occupancies;
(b) Internal Hydrant System, installed in buildings
or structures to be protected
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AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Automatic sprinklers are devices for automatically
distributing water upon a fire in sufficient quantityto extinguish it completely or to prevent its
spread, by keeping the fire under control, by the
water discharged from the sprinklers.
Types of Sprinkler Systems:Wet - The pipes are permanently charged with
water and used for all locations except where
freezing temperatures are likely to occur or special
conditions exist.
Dry - The pipes are normally charged with air
under pressure.
Alternate - Can be arranged to be either wet or
dry depending uponambient temperature conditions.
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FIRE SAFETY IN
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLES
Open SpacesTransformers
separate fire resisting room of 4h rating.
The entrance to the room shall be provided with the fire- resisting door of 2hour
Boiler rooms.
Boilers may be allowed in the basements away from escape routes.
fire resisting room of 4h fire resistanceCompartmentation
Helps in limitation to the damage of building and its contents
Service Ducts/Shafts.
Service ducts and shafts shall be enclosed by walls of 2 h and doors
of 2 h, fire rating
Glasses used in facade of high rise buildings
These shall have minimum of 1 hr fire resistanceRefuge Areas
For buildings more than 24m in height, refuge area of 15 sq.m or an area equivalent to 0.3 sq.m per
person to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors, The refuge area shall be provided
on the periphery of the floor and open to air, at-least on one side, protected with suitable railings.
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FIRE SAFETY IN
BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION BASIC PRINCIPLES
Vertical OpeningIn a building fire vertical openings like stairs and lift shafts acts as
flues or chimneys conveying flames, hot gases and smoke vertically
and serve as channels for easy spread to the upper levels. Hence,
the need for enclosure or protection of such vertical shafts to prevenet
fire spread to other areas and floors served by them.
Fire Control Room
For all buildings 15m in height and above, there shall be a control
room on the entrance floor of the building with communication system
(suitable public address system) to all floors and facilities for
receiving the message from different floors.
Helipad
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RAGHUNATH MALL(HARIDWAR)
TOTAL SITE AREA-30509 SQ.M
TOTAL BUILT UP AREA –20540 SQ M
G+5 STRUCTURE
2 BASEMENT
RETAIL
FOOD PLAZA
CINEMA
HOTEL
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
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SITE PLAN
RAGHUNATH MALL(HARIDWAR)
SERVICES
RESIDENCY
MALL
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EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
COMPLEX WITH THE SURROUNDING
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EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
HARDSCAPE AROUND THE BUIDING TO
CARRY LOAD OF FIRE TRUCK AND SMOTH
MOVEMENT AROUND THE BUILDING
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EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRAND LINE
DIA-150MMALL AROUND THE BUILDING
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EXTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRAND LINE AND
EXTERNAL FIRE HYDRANT S
FIXED AT 60MT -60MT.
FIRE HYDRANDS
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
PRIMARY FIRE FIGHTING PIPE LAYOUT
AT GROUND LEVEL
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
A
A
B
PRIMARY FIRE FIGHTING PIPE LAYOUT
A
B
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
DESIGN PRINCIPLES INTERNAL FIRE FIGHTING
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
FIRE EXITS STAIRS AND STAIRS
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
COMPARTMENTATION
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
SPRINKLER BRANCHES FROM MAINS
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
SPRINKLERS LAYOUT
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
MULTIPLEX FLOOR PLAN
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
A
DETAIL (A) OF MULTIPLEX SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
DETAIL OF TEST ASSEMBLY OF SPRINKLER LINE
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
DETAIL OF FIRE HOSE CABINET
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
DETAIL OF UGT AND PUMP ROOM
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ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM•Electricity is generated in power generating stations.
•Situated near the natural sources of energy.
•Electricity transmitted in two stages:-
1. Transmission- transmission from generating station to sub station2. Distribution - distribution from sub station to consumers.
Distribution of power at 415/240 v is called secondary or low voltage distribution system.
Distribution of power at high voltage such as 11KV, 6.6KV or 3.3 KV is called primary or high voltage
distribution system.
.
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BUSBARS AND LT PANELS
Point at which electrical power is available for transmission.
a bus bar is a thick strip of copper or aluminium that conducts electricity within
a switchboard, distribution board, substation or other electrical apparatus. Busbars areused to carry very large currents, or to distribute current to multiple devices within
switchgear or equipment.
High Voltage Switch Room — In case of substation having one transformer and one source
of supply, the owner is required to provide one high voltage switch. The floor area required
in case of a single switch is roughly 4 m x 4 m and for every additional switch the lengthwould be increased by 1 m.
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ELECTRIC SUB- STATION
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SITE PLAN SHOWING ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION
ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION
MALL
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ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION
DG SETS TRANSFORMER LT PANEL
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VERTICAL CIRCULATION
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VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STAIRCASE
PASSENGERS LIFT
GOODS LIFT
DUMB WAITER LIFT
ESCALATORS
SPIRAL ESCALARATORS
TRAVELATOR
Sizes of the vertical circulation system depends on floor space available, the floor-to-
floor height, pedestrian movement volumes and patterns, and the groups of people who
will use the stair.
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STAIRCASE
preliminary STAIRCASE configuration
Preliminary selection of stair configuration
depends on the floor space available, the floor-to-
floor height, pedestrian movement volumes and
patterns, and the groups of people who will use
the stair.
FOR COMMERCIAL COMPLEXES MINIMUM
WIDTH OF STAIR CASE IS 1500 MM RISER-150MM
TREAD-300MM
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PASSENGERS LIFT
SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL ENTRANCE
PERSONS KG A B C D E
1 4 373 1100 700 1900 1300 800
2 6 408 1100 1000 1900 1600 800
3 8 544 1300 1100 1900 1900 800
4 10 680 1350 1300 1900 2100 8005 13 884 2000 1100 2500 1900 900
6 16 1088 2000 1300 2500 2100 1000
7 20 1360 2000 1550 2500 2400 1000
8 5 340 1100 800 1900 1200 800
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GOODS LIFT
SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL ENTRANCE
KG A B C D E
1 500 1100 1200 1900 1500 1100
2 1000 1400 1800 2300 2100 1400
3 1500 1700 2000 2600 2300 1700
4 2000 1700 2500 2600 2800 1700
5 2500 2000 2500 2900 2800 2000
6 3000 2000 3000 2900 3300 2000
7 4000 2500 3000 3400 3300 2500
8 5000 2500 3600 3400 3900 2500
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Number of Lifts and Capacity
It depends on
• Number of floors to be served by
the lift;
• Floor to floor distance;
• Population of each floor to be
served
• Maximum peak demand; this
demand maybe unidirectional,
as in up and down peak periods,
or a two-way traffic movement.
Speed
The following general
recommendations are
The handling capacity is calculated by the
Following formula: H =3OOXQX1OO
TxP
where
H = Handling capacity as the percentage of thepeak population handled during 5 min period,
Q = Average number of passengers carried in a car,
(depends on the dimensions of the car.)
T = Waiting interval in seconds, and
P = Total population to be handled during peak
morning period. (It is related to the area served
by a particular bank of lifts.)
Handling capacity of buildings
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The waiting interval is calculated by
the following formula:
T = RIT
Nwhere
T = Waiting interval in seconds,
N = Number of lifts, and
R7T = Round trip time, that is, the
average time
required by each lift in taking onefull
load of passengers from ground
floor,
discharging them in various upper
floors
and coming back to ground floor fortaking
fresh passengers for the next trip,
• For buildings with more than 12 floors, it is
recommended to have provision of 1stretcher/
Service lift in addition to the passenger lifts.
• For buildings with more than 12 floors, where
passenger and service lifts are provided in one lobby
it is recommended to have group control for all the
lifts.
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ESCALARATORS
an escalator is a moving staircase it is a conveyor
transport device for carrying people betweenfloors of a building.
the device consists of motor and linked step that
moves up and down on tracks allowing.
THE BENEFITS OF ESCALATORS :
they have the capacity to move large number of people.
they have no waiting interval (except during very heavy
traffic)
they can be used to guide people towards main exits or
special exhibits.
placed at an angle 30 and capacity 3000-4000 person per
hour
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GOODS LIFT
RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
PLAN SHOWING VERTICAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM(STAIRS,ESCALATORS,LIFTS)
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SPIRAL ESCALATORS
Spiral escalators greatly increase the amount of
usable floor space.
It is an ideal solution for office buildings, malls,
hotels and galleries.
Stacking spiral escalators above each other in amultiple plan configuration creates a spectacular
atrium effect.
The elegantly functional layout not only enhances
a building’s architecture, it also guides visitorssmoothly into the building.
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TRAVELATOR
travelator is a moving walkway that transports
people - the device is like a conveyor belt
moving walkway
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PLUMBING
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PlumbingPlumbing refers to a system of pipes
and fixtures installed in a building for
the distribution of potable water andthe removal of waterborne wastes
The plumbing system is really made
up of two systems:
• Supply system that brings in fresh
water, and• Drain-waste-vent system that takes
out used water and sewage.
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SUPPLY SYSTEM• This systemdistributes waterunder pressure
throughout thestructure fordrinking, cooking,bathing, andlaundry.
•
Water supplysystems get waterFrom a variety of locations, these are
groundwater
(aquifers),
surface water(lakes and rivers),
Conservation
sea throughdesalination.
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DWV (DRAINAGE, WASTE,AND VENTING) SYSTEM:
• This system carries
Away wastewater andsolid waste from bath-rooms, kitchens, andlaundries and is notunder pressure.
• Must be well vented
because it prevents backpressure and siphoning of water from traps.
• Drainage is the naturalor artificial removal of surface and sub-surface
water from an area.• Many building needsdrainage to manage watersupplies.
Sewage treatment process
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Sewage treatment process
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PLUMBING LEED POINTS
• The Water Efficiency
category of the LEED rating
system is the least emphasized,
with a potential of three LEED
points obtainable through
Innovative Waste Water
Technologies and Water Use
Reduction.
• The LEED® rating systemfor Water Use Reduction is
based on the U.S. Energy Policy
Act of 1992.
This Act set maximum
plumbing fixture flow rates.
1 US gallon = 3.79 liters.
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HIGH-EFFICIENCY, WATER-SAVINGTOILETS
Toilets are often the source of the
most water use (and water wasting)
within a home, accounting for nearly30 percent of an average home’s
indoor water consumption.
Replace it with one of the following:
• High-efficiency (ULF) toilet
model that uses no more than 1.3 gpf.
• Dual-flush toilet, which has a
lower-flush button for liquid waste
and a higher-flush button for solid
waste; this type of toilet is common in
Australia, Europe and U.S.
•
Composting toilet, which uses littleto no water for flushing.
For commercial/office-building
bathrooms, install ultra-low-flush
(ULF) urinals in lieu of regular urinals.
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ZERO FLUSH URINALS
Zero flush urinal saves an average
of 40,000 gallons (151,000 liters)
of fresh, potable water each year.That’s the equivalent of 3 large,
home swimming pools. Just one way
Zero flush helps us all conserve
fresh water resources for drinking
and other “healthy choice” uses.
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SHOWERHEADS
• Showering accounts for up to 20percent of the average household’s
indoor water use.• You can cut your shower wateruse by as much as 70 percent by switching to an ultra-low-flow Showerhead.• High-efficiency / ultra-low-flow
showerhead that uses no more than2 gpm .
• Using ULF showerheads will alsosave money on energy bills, by reducing the demand of water heater
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FAUCETS
High-efficiency faucets that have a
flow rate of no more than 1.5 gpm.
(the current EPA Water Sensestandard, as of 2010) and add a
water-saving aerator or flow
restrictor to the existing faucets
(an easy and inexpensive
modification).
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RAGHUNATH MALL (HARIDWAR)
Total built up area – 20540 SQM.
Hotel area -6834 SQM.
Number of rooms- 111
Number of users – 3900 per day
(Approx.)
Total water required per day
-2,20,000 liter.
Domestic water tank for hotel
Block - 30000 lit.
Flushing water tank for mall and
Multiplex capacity – 27500 lit.
Domestic water tank for Mall &
Multiplex cap.- 27500 lit.
Fire tank capacity- 20000 lit
Lower basement plan
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A
B
Detail at BDetail at A
Ground floor planl
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Detail at C
Detail at D
D
C
First floor plan Detail at EE
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Detail at FF
Second floor plan
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Detail at GG
Terrace floor plan Detail at H
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H