SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING SYSTEM INTEGRATION

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EIGHTH EDITION

SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING AND

SYSTEM INTEGRATION

SOFTWARE, IOT, BIG DATA, AND AI AS SERVICES

YINONG CHEN AND GENNARO DE LUCA

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

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Cover image and all interior photos courtesy of Yinong Chen.

www.kendallhunt.com Send all inquiries to: 4050 Westmark Drive Dubuque, IA 52004-1840

Copyright © 2008, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2020, 2022 by Kendall Hunt Publishing Company

PAK ISBN: 978-1-7924-9417-8

Text alone ISBN: 978-1-7924-9416-1

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Published in the United States of America

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Table of Contents

Preface xiii

Part I Distributed Service-Oriented Software Development and Web Data Management ... 1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Distributed Service-Oriented Computing ..................................... 3

1.1 Computer Architecture and Computing Paradigms .............................................................. 3

1.1.1 Computer Architecture ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.2 Software Architecture .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.3 Computing Paradigms ......................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 Distributed Computing and Distributed Software Architecture ............................................ 7

1.2.1 Distributed Computing ........................................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2 N-Tier Architecture ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.2.3 Distributed Object Architecture......................................................................................................... 10

1.3 Service-Oriented Architecture and Computing ................................................................... 12

1.3.1 Basic Concepts and Terminologies ................................................................................................... 12 1.3.2 Service-Oriented Computing ............................................................................................................. 15 1.3.3 Object-Oriented Computing versus Service-Oriented Computing .................................................... 17 1.3.4 Service-Oriented System Engineering ............................................................................................... 18

1.4 Service-Oriented Software Development and Applications ............................................... 20

1.4.1 Traditional Software Development Processes ................................................................................... 20 1.4.2 Service-Oriented Software Development .......................................................................................... 20 1.4.3 Applications of Service-Oriented Computing ................................................................................... 24 1.4.4 Web Application Composition .......................................................................................................... 25

1.5 Enterprise Software Development ...................................................................................... 27

1.6 Discussions ......................................................................................................................... 30

1.7 Exercises and Projects ......................................................................................................... 33

Chapter 2 Distributed Computing with Multithreading ......................................................... 39

2.1 Introduction to C# and .Net ................................................................................................. 39

2.1.1 Getting Started with C# and .Net....................................................................................................... 39 2.1.2 Comparison between C++ and C# ..................................................................................................... 41 2.1.3 Namespaces and the “using” Directive ............................................................................................. 42 2.1.4 Class and Object in C# ...................................................................................................................... 44 2.1.5 Parameters: Passing by Reference with ref & out ............................................................................. 47 2.1.6 Base Class and Base Calling Class Constructor ................................................................................ 47 2.1.7 Constructor, Destructor, and Garbage Collection .............................................................................. 48 2.1.8 Pointers in C# .................................................................................................................................... 48

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2.1.9 C# Unified Type System ................................................................................................................... 49

2.2 Memory Management and Garbage Collection .................................................................. 50

2.2.1 Static Variables and Static Methods .................................................................................................. 51 2.2.2 Runtime Stack for Local Variables ................................................................................................... 51 2.2.3 Heap for Dynamic Memory Allocation ............................................................................................. 54 2.2.4 Scope and Garbage Collection .......................................................................................................... 54

2.3 General Issues in Multitasking and Multithreading ............................................................ 55

2.3.1 Basic Requirements ........................................................................................................................... 55 2.3.2 Critical Operations and Synchronization ........................................................................................... 56 2.3.3 Deadlock and Deadlock Resolving .................................................................................................... 58 2.3.4 Order of Execution ............................................................................................................................ 59 2.3.5 Operating System Support for Multitasking and Multithreading ...................................................... 60

2.4 Multithreading in Java ........................................................................................................ 62

2.4.1 Creating and Starting Threads ........................................................................................................... 62 2.4.2 Thread Synchronization..................................................................................................................... 66 2.4.3 Synchronized Method ........................................................................................................................ 66 2.4.4 Synchronized Statements................................................................................................................... 70

2.5 Multithreading in C# ........................................................................................................... 71

2.5.1 Thread Classes and Properties ........................................................................................................... 71 2.5.2 Monitor .............................................................................................................................................. 72 2.5.3 Reader and Writer Locks ................................................................................................................... 81 2.5.4 Mutexes ............................................................................................................................................. 85 2.5.5 Semaphore ......................................................................................................................................... 86 2.5.6 Coordination Event ............................................................................................................................ 86

2.6 Event-Driven Programming ................................................................................................ 89

2.6.1 Exception Handling ........................................................................................................................... 89 2.6.2 Event-Driven Programming Concepts and Mechanisms ................................................................... 93 2.6.3 Case Study: An Electronic Commerce Application in Event-Driven Approach ............................... 98

2.7 Multithreading Performance ............................................................................................. 104

2.7.1 Amdahl’s Law ................................................................................................................................. 104 2.7.2 Multithreading Experiments ............................................................................................................ 105

2.8 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 110

2.9 Exercises and Projects ....................................................................................................... 111

Chapter 3 Essentials in Service-Oriented Software Development ....................................... 121

3.1 Service-Oriented Software Development Environments .................................................. 121

3.1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 121 3.1.2 Windows Communication Foundation ............................................................................................ 123 3.1.3 Service Interface: Address, Binding, and Contract.......................................................................... 124

3.2 Service Provider: Creating and Hosting Services ............................................................. 125

3.2.1 Getting Started with Developing WCF Services ............................................................................. 126 3.2.2 Testing Web Services in WCF Test Client ...................................................................................... 130 3.2.3 Writing a Console Application to Consume a WCF Service ........................................................... 133 3.2.4 File Service and Data Management ................................................................................................. 135 3.2.5 Hosting Your Web Services as a Service Provider.......................................................................... 136 3.2.6 Source Code Deployment and Precompiled Code Deployment ...................................................... 138

3.3 Service Brokers: Publishing and Discovering Services .................................................... 140

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3.3.1 An Ideal Service Broker with All Desired Features ........................................................................ 141 3.3.2 UDDI Service Registry.................................................................................................................... 144 3.3.3 ebXML Service Registry and Repository ........................................................................................ 151 3.3.4 Ad Hoc Registry Lists ..................................................................................................................... 153

3.4 SOAP and HTTP ............................................................................................................... 153

3.4.1 SOAP Format .................................................................................................................................. 153 3.4.2 HTTP ............................................................................................................................................... 154 3.4.3 SOAP over HTTP ............................................................................................................................ 156

3.5 WSDL: Web Services Description Language ................................................................... 157

3.5.1 Elements of WSDL Documents ...................................................................................................... 157 3.5.2 WSDL Document Example ............................................................................................................. 159

3.6 Service Requesters: Building Applications Using Services .............................................. 161

3.6.1 Connecting Endpoint and Proxy ...................................................................................................... 161 3.6.2 Creating a Windows Forms Application in ASP.Net ...................................................................... 162 3.6.3 Developing a Website Application to Consume WCF Services ...................................................... 167

3.7 Web Service Testing and Dynamic Service Invocation .................................................... 170

3.7.1 Get Web Content from URL ........................................................................................................... 171 3.7.2 Analyze WSDL Document .............................................................................................................. 171 3.7.3 Test Web Service through Dynamic Proxy ..................................................................................... 172 3.7.4 Test Web Service Using Independent Tools ................................................................................... 172 3.7.5 Dynamic Web Services and Web Applications ............................................................................... 173

3.8 Java-Based Web Service Development ............................................................................ 173

3.8.1 Web Application Building Using AJAX Programming .................................................................. 173 3.8.2 Java-Based Web Service Development and Hosting ....................................................................... 175

3.9 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 177


Chapter 4 XML and Web Data Formats ................................................................................ 185

4.1 XML Fundamentals .......................................................................................................... 185

4.1.1 XML versus HTML ......................................................................................................................... 186 4.1.2 XML Syntax .................................................................................................................................... 187 4.1.3 XML Namespaces ........................................................................................................................... 190

4.2 XML Data Processing ....................................................................................................... 191

4.2.1 DOM: Document Object Model ...................................................................................................... 191 4.2.2 SAX: Simple API for XML ............................................................................................................. 194 4.2.3 XML Text Writer ............................................................................................................................ 195 4.2.4 XML Processing in Java .................................................................................................................. 196

4.3 XPath ................................................................................................................................. 198

4.4 XML Type Definition Languages ..................................................................................... 200

4.4.1 XML Document Type Definition (DTD) ........................................................................................ 201 4.4.2 XML Schema .................................................................................................................................. 203 4.4.3 Namespace ...................................................................................................................................... 205 4.4.4 XML Validation .............................................................................................................................. 207

4.5 Extensible Stylesheet Language ........................................................................................ 209

4.6 Other Web Data Formats .................................................................................................. 214

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4.6.1 XHTML ........................................................................................................................................... 214 4.6.2 RSS .................................................................................................................................................. 216 4.6.3 Atom ................................................................................................................................................ 218 4.6.4 JSON ............................................................................................................................................... 220 4.6.5 HTML5............................................................................................................................................ 223 4.6.6 Google Protocol Buffers and BigTable ........................................................................................... 226

4.7 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 227


Chapter 5 Web Application and State Management ............................................................. 235

5.1 Models of Web Applications ............................................................................................ 235

5.1.1 Pure HTML-Based Web Application .............................................................................................. 235 5.1.2 Client-Side Scripting ....................................................................................................................... 236 5.1.3 Server-Side Scripting and Code-Behind Page Computing .............................................................. 237 5.1.4 Client-Side Out-of-Browser Computing.......................................................................................... 238

5.2 Web Application Structure and Architecture .................................................................... 239

5.2.1 Components of Web Applications ................................................................................................... 239 5.2.2 Server Controls ................................................................................................................................ 242 5.2.3 User Controls ................................................................................................................................... 245 5.2.4 Web Application Configuration ...................................................................................................... 248 5.2.5 Global Application Class ................................................................................................................. 252 5.2.6 Dynamic Link Library and Package ................................................................................................ 253

5.3 State Management ............................................................................................................. 254

5.3.1 Overview of State Management Techniques ................................................................................... 254 5.3.2 View State ....................................................................................................................................... 255 5.3.3 View State Security and Machine Key ............................................................................................ 259 5.3.4 Session State .................................................................................................................................... 260 5.3.5 Cookies ............................................................................................................................................ 264 5.3.6 Session State and Cookies ............................................................................................................... 265 5.3.7 Application State and Service Execution Model ............................................................................. 266

5.4 Save User Data to Server File System .............................................................................. 267

5.4.1 File System and Standard File Operations ...................................................................................... 267 5.4.2 Reading and Writing XML Files ..................................................................................................... 269

5.5 Caching and Recommendation ......................................................................................... 273

5.5.1 Output Caching................................................................................................................................ 274 5.5.2 Fragment Caching ........................................................................................................................... 275 5.5.3 Data Caching ................................................................................................................................... 276

5.6 Dynamic Graphics Design and Generation ....................................................................... 283

5.6.1 Dynamic Graphics ........................................................................................................................... 283 5.6.2 Getting Started with Dynamic Graphics Generation ....................................................................... 284 5.6.3 Generating Dynamic Graphics in User Control ............................................................................... 287

5.7 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 292


Chapter 6 Dependability of Service-Oriented Software........................................................ 299

6.1 Basic Concepts .................................................................................................................. 299

6.1.1 Dependability .................................................................................................................................. 299

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6.1.2 Dependability Attributes and Quality of Service ............................................................................. 300 6.1.3 Security Issues in SOA Software..................................................................................................... 301 6.1.4 Reputation Management System ..................................................................................................... 303

6.2 Access Control in Web Applications ................................................................................ 304

6.2.1 IIS and Windows-Based Security Mechanisms ............................................................................... 304 6.2.2 Forms-Based Security ..................................................................................................................... 306 6.2.3 Forms-Based Security with Self-Registration ................................................................................. 310 6.2.4 User Registration Using the Built-in Account Management ........................................................... 315

6.3 Encryption and Decryption ............................................................................................... 318

6.3.1 Developing Encryption and Decryption Service in WCF ............................................................... 318 6.3.2 Developing a Secure Hashing Service in WCF ............................................................................... 320 6.3.3 WCF Service Client ......................................................................................................................... 322 6.3.4 Error Control Code .......................................................................................................................... 324 6.3.5 Secure Sockets Layer Cryptographic Protocols .............................................................................. 325

6.4 Dependable Computing in Windows Communication Foundation .................................. 326

6.4.1 WS-Security .................................................................................................................................... 326 6.4.2 WS-Reliability ................................................................................................................................. 327 6.4.3 Transactions .................................................................................................................................... 329

6.5 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 331


Part II Advanced Service-Oriented Computing and System Integration ........................... 337

Chapter 7 Advanced Services and Application Development .............................................. 339

7.1 Self-Hosting Services ........................................................................................................ 339

7.1.1 Developing a Service and a Hosting Service ................................................................................... 339 7.1.2 Developing Clients to Consume Self-Hosting Services .................................................................. 342

7.2 Advanced WCF Services .................................................................................................. 347

7.2.1 Advanced Communication Models ................................................................................................. 347 7.2.2 Advanced Bindings ......................................................................................................................... 350 7.2.3 Service Behavior and State Management ........................................................................................ 351

7.3 REST Concept and RESTful Services .............................................................................. 355

7.3.1 REST Concept and REST Architecture ........................................................................................... 355 7.3.2 RESTful Services ............................................................................................................................ 356 7.3.3 Microservices .................................................................................................................................. 360 7.3.4 Developing RESTful Service .......................................................................................................... 362 7.3.5 Developing an Image Verifier in RESTful Service ......................................................................... 365 7.3.6 Consuming Simple RESTful Service .............................................................................................. 368 7.3.7 Google RESTful Services: Map Services ........................................................................................ 370 7.3.8 Making Asynchronous Calls to RESTful Services .......................................................................... 373 7.3.9 RESTful Service-Based Web Application Description Language .................................................. 374

7.4 Advanced Web Application Architecture ......................................................................... 376

7.4.1 ASP .Net Forms-Centric Architecture ............................................................................................. 377 7.4.2 HTML5 on ASP .Net Core Framework ........................................................................................... 377 7.4.3 MVC Architecture on ASP .Net Core Framework .......................................................................... 384 7.4.4 MVC Web Application Development Example .............................................................................. 389

7.5 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 393

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Chapter 8 Enterprise Software Development and Integration ............................................ 401

8.1 Overview of Composition Languages ............................................................................... 401

8.2 Workflow Foundation ....................................................................................................... 404

8.2.1 Architecture and Components ......................................................................................................... 405 8.2.2 Creating a WF Flowchart Application ............................................................................................. 407 8.2.3 Creating Custom Code Activity for Workflow Application ............................................................ 409 8.2.4 Implementing Finite State Machine in Workflow ........................................................................... 412 8.2.5 Creating Services and Persistence Services Using Workflow ......................................................... 413

8.3 BPEL ................................................................................................................................. 422

8.3.1 BPEL Activities and Constructs ...................................................................................................... 423 8.3.2 BPEL Process .................................................................................................................................. 423 8.3.3 WSDL Interface Definition of BPEL Process ................................................................................. 426 8.3.4 BPEL Process .................................................................................................................................. 428 8.3.5 An Example Invoking Real Web Services ...................................................................................... 430

8.4 Stateless versus Stateful Web Services ............................................................................. 436

8.4.1 BizTalk’s Singleton Object Approach ............................................................................................. 437 8.4.2 BPEL’s Correlation Approach ........................................................................................................ 437

8.5 Frameworks Supporting BPEL Composition.................................................................... 440

8.5.1 Oracle SOA Suite ............................................................................................................................ 440 8.5.2 ActiveBPEL .................................................................................................................................... 442 8.5.3 BizTalk ............................................................................................................................................ 443 8.5.4 Simple Workflow Service ............................................................................................................... 444

8.6 Message-Based Integration ............................................................................................... 445

8.6.1 Java Message Service ...................................................................................................................... 446 8.6.2 Microsoft Message Queue ............................................................................................................... 447 8.6.3 Database-Supported Messaging ...................................................................................................... 449 8.6.4 E-mail Supported Messaging .......................................................................................................... 450 8.6.5 Enterprise Service Bus .................................................................................................................... 451

8.7 Other Composition Languages .......................................................................................... 451

8.7.1 SCA/SDO ........................................................................................................................................ 451 8.7.2 WSFL: Web Services Flow Language ............................................................................................ 452

8.8 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 454


Chapter 9 IoT, Robotics, and Device Integration via Visual Programming ....................... 463

9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 463

9.1.1 Internet of Things ............................................................................................................................ 463 9.1.2 Service-Oriented Robotics Computing ............................................................................................ 465 9.1.3 Event-Driven Robotics Applications ............................................................................................... 467

9.2 Robot as a Service ............................................................................................................. 470

9.2.1 Robot as a Service Definition .......................................................................................................... 470 9.2.2 Robot as a Service Design ............................................................................................................... 471 9.2.3 Robot as a Service Implementation ................................................................................................. 473

9.3 Robotics Developer Studio and Visual Programming Language ...................................... 476

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9.3.1 MRDS and VPL Overview .............................................................................................................. 476 9.3.2 Application Development in MRDS and VPL ................................................................................ 478

9.4 VIPLE: A New Visual Programming Language ............................................................... 480

9.4.1 ASU VIPLE versus Microsoft VPL ................................................................................................ 481 9.4.2 Service-Oriented Computing: RESTful, WSDL, and VIPLE Service............................................. 482 9.4.3 Workflow with Code Activities ....................................................................................................... 485 9.4.4 Finite State Machine ........................................................................................................................ 489 9.4.5 Event-Driven Programming ............................................................................................................ 495

9.5 Robot Programming and Maze Navigation ....................................................................... 498

9.5.1 VIPLE Robot Services .................................................................................................................... 498 9.5.2 Maze Navigation Algorithms in Finite State Machine .................................................................... 500 9.5.3 Maze Navigation Algorithms Using Unity Simulator ..................................................................... 502 9.5.4 Maze Navigation Algorithms Using Web Simulator ....................................................................... 506 9.5.5 Maze Navigation Using Lego EV3 Robot ....................................................................................... 511

9.6 Different Platforms Supported by VIPLE ......................................................................... 516

9.6.1 Open Interface between VIPLE and Device.......................................................................................... 517 9.6.2 Connecting VIPLE to Open Architecture Robots ................................................................................. 517 9.6.3 Using Robot Motion Service to Control Complex Robots .................................................................... 521

9.7 Autonomous Driving in Simulation Environment ............................................................ 522

9.7.1 A Simple Autonomous Driving Program .............................................................................................. 522 9.7.2 An Improved Autonomous Driving Program ........................................................................................ 524 9.7.3 Traffic Simulation and Programming .................................................................................................... 527

9.8 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 529


Chapter 10 Interfacing Service-Oriented Software with Databases .................................... 535

10.1 Database Systems and Operations .................................................................................... 535

10.2 Relational Databases in Service-Oriented Software ......................................................... 537

10.2.1 Installing a Database ....................................................................................................................... 537 10.2.2 Interface between Database and Software ....................................................................................... 541 10.2.3 SQL Database in ADO .Net ............................................................................................................ 543 10.2.4 DataAdapter and DataSet in ADO .Net ........................................................................................... 549

10.3 LINQ, Language Integrated Query ................................................................................... 551

10.3.1 What Is the Purpose of LINQ? ........................................................................................................ 551 10.3.2 Lambda Expressions ........................................................................................................................ 552 10.3.3 LINQ to Object ................................................................................................................................ 555 10.3.4 LINQ to SQL ................................................................................................................................... 557 10.3.5 LINQ to XML ................................................................................................................................. 560 10.3.6 GraphQL .......................................................................................................................................... 563

10.4 XML-Based Database and Query Language XQuery ....................................................... 565

10.4.1 Expressing Queries .......................................................................................................................... 565 10.4.2 Transforming XML Document ........................................................................................................ 567 10.4.3 XQuery Discussions ........................................................................................................................ 568

10.5 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 569


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Chapter 11 Big Data Processing and Cloud Computing ....................................................... 577

11.1 Big Data Systems and Management ................................................................................. 577

11.1.1 Big Data Concepts ........................................................................................................................... 577 11.1.2 Big Data Management ..................................................................................................................... 579

11.2 Big Data Processing and Analytics ................................................................................... 580

11.2.1 Map and Reduce .............................................................................................................................. 580 11.2.2 Hadoop and Cassandra .................................................................................................................... 581 11.2.3 Big Data Simulation in VIPLE ........................................................................................................ 586 11.2.4 Apache Pig ...................................................................................................................................... 592 11.2.5 Big Data Analytics .......................................................................................................................... 593

11.3 Big Data Applications and Case Studies ........................................................................... 594

11.3.1 Big Data Applications in Different Domains .................................................................................. 595 11.3.2 Recommender System ..................................................................................................................... 596

11.4 Cloud Computing .............................................................................................................. 599

11.4.1 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 600 11.4.2 Software Engineering and Software Architecture Leading to Cloud Computing............................ 602 11.4.3 Software as a Service and Multitenancy .......................................................................................... 605 11.4.4 Platform as a Service ....................................................................................................................... 608 11.4.5 Infrastructure as a Service and Data Center .................................................................................... 613

11.5 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 617


Chapter 12 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning .................................................... 625

12.1 Development of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning ........................................ 625

12.2 From Traditional Programming to AI Programming ........................................................ 629

12.3 Machine Learning Case Study on Traffic Sign Recognition ............................................ 632

12.3.1 Using Traditional Programming ...................................................................................................... 633 12.3.2 Using Machine Learning ................................................................................................................. 634 12.3.3 Machine Learning Experiments....................................................................................................... 636

12.4 Machine Learning Case Study on Flight Path Recognition .............................................. 639

12.4.1 Flight Activity Recognition ............................................................................................................. 640 12.4.2 Implementation ................................................................................................................................ 644 12.4.3 Experiment and Configurations ....................................................................................................... 646

12.5 Machine Learning Case Study on Network Traffic Monitoring ....................................... 648

12.6 Ontology ........................................................................................................................... 651

12.6.1 Ontology Language RDF ................................................................................................................ 652 12.6.2 RDF Schema ................................................................................................................................... 654 12.6.3 Reasoning and Verification in Ontology ......................................................................................... 660 12.6.4 Web Ontology Language OWL ....................................................................................................... 661 12.6.5 OWL-S and Semantic Web Services ............................................................................................... 665 12.6.6 Linked Data ..................................................................................................................................... 666 12.6.7 Ontology Development Environments ............................................................................................ 667

12.7 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 668


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Chapter 13 Mobile Computing and Application Development ............................................ 673

13.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 673

13.2 Xamarin ............................................................................................................................. 673

13.3 Mobile Application Architectures ..................................................................................... 677

13.3.1 Three-Layer Architecture ................................................................................................................ 677 13.3.2 MVC Architecture ........................................................................................................................... 679 13.3.3 MVVM Architecture ....................................................................................................................... 680

13.4 XAML ............................................................................................................................... 684

13.4.1 XAML Basics .................................................................................................................................. 684 13.4.2 Xamarin Layouts ............................................................................................................................. 686 13.4.3 Xamarin Controls ............................................................................................................................ 689 13.4.4 Animations ...................................................................................................................................... 693

13.5 VIPLE Connection Example ............................................................................................. 695

13.6 Encrypt-Decrypt App Example ......................................................................................... 699

13.7 Discussions ....................................................................................................................... 701


Part III Appendices: Tutorials on Service-Oriented System Development ........................ 707

Appendix A Web Application Development........................................................................... 709

A.1 Design of Graphical User Interface................................................................................... 709

A.2 Discovering Web Services Available Online .................................................................... 714

A.3 Access Web Services in Your Program: ImageService .................................................... 716

A.4 Access Web Services in Your Program: Weather Forecasting Service ............................ 721

A.5 Access Web Services in Your Program: USZip Service................................................... 723

A.6 Exercises and Projects ....................................................................................................... 725

Appendix B Visual IoT/Robotics Programming Language Environment........................... 729

B.1 Introduction to VIPLE ...................................................................................................... 729

B.1.1 Basic Activities in VIPLE Toolbox ................................................................................................. 730 B.1.2 Built-in VIPLE Services .................................................................................................................. 732

B.2 Getting Started with VIPLE Programming ....................................................................... 733

Ex. 1. “Hello World” in VIPLE ................................................................................................................. 733 Ex. 2. Favorite Movie ................................................................................................................................ 734 Ex. 3. Create While Loop Block Using Merge and If Activities ............................................................... 736 Ex. 4. Creating While Loop Block Using the While Activity .................................................................... 739 Ex. 5. Creating an Activity ........................................................................................................................ 740 Ex. 6. Creating Counter Activity ............................................................................................................... 742 Ex. 7. Build a 2-1 Multiplexor ................................................................................................................... 743 Ex. 8. Convert an Activity into a Service .................................................................................................. 745

B.3 Building Larger Systems Using Modules ......................................................................... 747

Ex. 1. Creating an AND Gate in VIPLE .................................................................................................... 751 Ex. 2. Creating OR, NOT, and XOR Gates ............................................................................................... 752

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Ex. 3. Build a 1-bit Adder .......................................................................................................................... 752 Ex. 4. Build a 2-1 Multiplexor and a 4-1 Multiplexor ............................................................................... 754 Ex. 5. Build a 1-Bit ALU ........................................................................................................................... 755 Ex. 6. Automated Testing .......................................................................................................................... 756 Ex. 7. Create Automated Testing for ALU ................................................................................................ 758 Ex. 8. Create a 4-Bit ALU ......................................................................................................................... 758 Ex. 9. Drive-by-Wire Simulation ............................................................................................................... 759

B.4 Exercises and Projects ....................................................................................................... 761

Appendix C ASU Repository of Services and Applications .................................................. 763

References 769

Index 777

SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING SYSTEM INTEGRATION

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