Service-Learning. Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
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Transcript of Service-Learning. Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
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Service-Learning.
Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
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Service-Learning
Service-learning is a pedagogy that links academic learning
to student-directed community service and intellectual enquiry and reflection.
It enriches the learning experience,teaches civic responsibility
and strengthens communities.
Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
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Changing a service program to a service-learning program.
Service Program:
For Clean Up Australia Day, a teacher at a local school decides that students will clean up part of the banks of the local stream.
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Re-orient to include student direction and academic learning.
• Consult with the local community.• Vote to clean up part of the banks of Lake Macquarie. • Plan the project. • Observe, take inventory and clean up the river bank. • Analyse what they found; hypothesise about its sources.• Look at the impact of the pollutants on flora and fauna.• Share the results with the local council and residents.• Offer suggestions for reducing pollution – perhaps by
writing a brochure and developing a web site.
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Enrich the process with intellectual inquiry and reflection.
• Investigate a wide range of concepts and values including, for example: “community” and “responsibility”.
• Draw distinctions between different kinds of responsibility – students may not be causally or legally responsible for the pollution, but do they have some social or moral responsibility to improve the situation?
• Examine their assumptions about moral responsibility by asking, for example: “What is the extent of our moral responsibility? How do we judge this? What is it to be a good citizen?”
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Links to curriculum
• Maths – analysing survey results• C & C. – voting, contacting the council• Science – analysing water and pollutants• Geography – comparing water quality of different
rivers and maps of watersheds• English – writing a brochure or a report• Art – designing a brochure or a map• Information Technology – developing a web site with
resources for preventing pollution.
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Types of service.
• Direct service which involves hands on, direct contact, for example working on the Mission Beat Bus.
• Indirect service which involves hands-on, but not direct contact, for example knitting blankets for a Winter Appeal.
• Advocacy which requires speaking out on behalf of an issue.
• Research which requires finding out information.
Combining research, service and advocacy achieves very powerful outcomes for students.
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Benefit/focus continuums.Andy Furco:
“Service-Learning: a Balanced Approach to Experiential Education”
There are a number of different types of service programs:
• Volunteering• Community service• Internship• Work experience• Service-learning.
What differentiates them is where each lies on two continuums:Benefit - between recipient and providerFocus - between service and learning.
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Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
BENEFIT CONTINUUM
RECIPIENT -------------------------------------- PROVIDER
FOCUS CONTINUUM
SERVICE ------------------------------------- LEARNING
Service- Learning
Community Service
Internship
Volunteerism Work Experience
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Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
Benefit/focus continuums.Volunteerism: the primary focus is on service provided; the main benefit is to the service recipient : e.g. collecting money for victims of bush fires. Community service: primary focus is on service provided; the main benefit is to the service recipient, however service providers also receive benefits and learn from the experience: e.g. students serving food at a shelter for the homeless. Internship: primary focus is on learning; main benefit is to service providers, however the service recipient also benefits: e.g. undergraduate teacher spend time working in a school. Work Experience: the primary focus is on learning; the main benefit is to the service provider: e.g. a year 10 student does work experience in a local hairdressing salon.Service-learning: benefits equally the provider and the recipient of the service; focuses equally on the service and the learning.
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Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
Service-learning:
• links to academic content and standards • involves young people in helping to determine and
meet real, defined community needs • includes on-going, meaningful reflection and analysis• is reciprocal in nature, benefiting both the
community and the service providers • can be used in any subject area so long as it is
appropriate to learning goals• works at all ages, even among young children.
(America’s National Commission on Service-learning)
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Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
Authentic service-learning
• Projects are positive, meaningful and real.• Involve cooperative, rather than competitive experiences.• Address complex problems in complex settings.• Offer students opportunities to engage in complex problem-
solving.• Deeper thinking is promoted - no” right answers.”• Projects are personally meaningful and so support social,
emotional and cognitive learning and development.• Authentic service-learning helps to develop home, school and
community partnerships.
Service-Learning is Quality Teaching and Values Education in action.
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Research summaryEvidence for service-learning’s positive impact is building in
five major areas:
Personal/Social Development• Increase in personal and social responsibility, and in
communication and social competence. • Elevated self-esteem, self-efficacy and sense of
responsibility to their school. • More accepting of cultural diversity. • Less likely to be referred to the office for discipline .• Less likely to engage in unprotected sexual activity,
violent activity and behaviors leading to arrest.
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Research summaryCivic Responsibility• Higher awareness of community needs; feeling they could
make a difference.• More likely to be active in community organizations. • Increased understanding of how government works.
Academic Learning• Higher scores on state test of basic skills; higher test scores on
several state assessments. • Higher grades and higher scores on state tests measuring
reading for information and mathematics than non-participants (Primary School).
• Schools reported attendance increases each year for three years .
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Research summaryCareer Exploration and Aspirations• Increased career and communication skills and increased
knowledge about career possibilities. • Increase in positive work attitudes and skills. School and Communities• More respect between students and other students,
teachers and other teachers, and students and teachers.• Students and teachers have a greater bond to the school. • Less teacher turnover and greater teacher collegiality.• Members of communities participating in service-learning
view youth as valued resources and positive givers to their community .
(Billig 2002, 2005)
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Researched-based practices that improve student outcomes.
Eight characteristics of effective service-learning practice.1. Meaningful service.2. Curriculum integration.3. Ongoing, intellectually challenging reflection activities.4. Student direction.5. Sufficient duration.6. Respect for diversity.7. Reciprocal partnerships.8. Both progress monitoring and process monitoring.
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Elements of service-learning.
Investigation: Students identify their strengths and decide on the community they will serve.
Planning and Preparation: Students identify and assess needs, make a selection and design the project.
Action: Students apply leadership and collaborate with those being served; multiple learning styles used.
Demonstration and Celebration: Students demonstrate the outcomes and celebrate with the community.
Cognitively-Challenging Reflection: throughout each element.
Progress and Process Monitoring during each element. Service-Learning Australia Inc.
(02) 49761136.
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Service-Learning:Starting the Journey.
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What do we want to achieve through service-learning?
• What do we know about this group of students? What does the data tell us?
• Considering this, what do we want to achieve for our students overall, through service-learning?
Write specific objectives that can be measured.Service-Learning Australia Inc.
(02) 49761136.
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What will be the starting point?
• A global issue identified in one or more subjects that the school wants students to investigate.
• Students’ interests .• An issue with which the school community is concerned. • Existing community engagement activities - Anzac Day.• Extending existing links with community organizations -
Aged Care Facility .• Existing events – the Annual Art Show.
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Enrich the starting point with….• Academic outcomes• Other learning outcomes• Service outcomes• Sufficient duration and intensity• Community partnerships• Initial stimulus ideas to generate discussion• Student direction• Cognitively-challenging reflection• Progress and process monitoring• Respect for diversity• Demonstration and celebration• Evaluation.
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TTT:A starting point for service-learning
that enhances student direction.
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A Strengths-Based Approach – Talent, Treasure and Time.
If students commence service-learning by seeing their community as a collection of problems, they might feel helpless, become demoralized and cynical. For really effective service to occur, students need to:• know themselves, recognize their strengths and believe they
can make a difference: they identify their “talents”• see their community as a positive place: they identify
community “treasures”.
Students then decide how they can use their “talents, treasures and time for the common good” – TTT.
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The TTT Process.Students:• write their TTT vision• identify talents and treasures• identify project• form teams• write goals and a timeline• identify support needed and how to get this support• monitor outcomes• demonstrate the impact of the project
and celebrate achievements• reflect.
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Service-Learning helps to develop reflective, self-directed learners.
• Active investigators• Designers and creators• Quality producers• Effective communicators• Leaders and collaborators• Community contributors
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Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.
Service-Learning can assist the BCE to achieve its overarching goal for learning:
“Empower learners of all agesto shape and enrich our changing world,
by living the gospel of Jesus Christ.”
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Service-Learning andTTT.
Quality teaching and values education in action.
Service-Learning Australia Inc. (02) 49761136.