seps.wikispaces.com Climate an… · Web view____30.The warming of the earth from the ......

chapter 2

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. subarctic climate f. deciduousb. timberline g. biospherec. evaporation h. tundra climated. rain shadow i. desert climatee. steppes j. humid subtropical climate

____ 1. the sun’s heat turns water into vapor____ 2. trees that lose their leaves in the fall____ 3. climate that is harsh, cold, and dry____ 4. elevation above which no trees grow____ 5. climate where taiga grow____ 6. climate with hot, humid summers and short, mild winters____ 7. all living things and the environments in which they live____ 8. climate with fewer than 10 inches (25 cm) of rainfall per year____ 9. partly dry grasslands that surround many deserts____ 10. dry area on the side of mountains facing away from the wind

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Tropics f. freshwaterb. groundwater g. coniferousc. salt water h. acid raind. permafrost i. tundrae. deserts j. monsoons

____ 11. the water most important to humans____ 12. evergreen trees with cones and needles____ 13. climate region at low latitudes____ 14. chemicals in air pollution combined with precipitation____ 15. the water in the earth’s oceans____ 16. people’s largest source for freshwater____ 17. layers of soil that remain frozen year-round____ 18. the earth’s driest areas____ 19. seasonal winds that bring rain to South Asia____ 20. vast treeless plains that have a cold climate

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 21. What is the largest and deepest ocean?a. the Indian Ocean c. the Atlantic Ocean

b. the Arctic Ocean d. the Pacific Ocean____ 22. What term means the constant movement of the earth’s water from oceans to air to land and back

to oceans?a. water cycle c. air shadowb. groundwater d. condensation

____ 23. Most of the earth’s freshwater is found in ____.a. rivers and lakes c. seas and oceansb. glaciers and ice caps d. groundwater

____ 24. What is the Gulf Stream?a. an air current c. a form of evaporationb. a warm ocean current d. a cold ocean current

____ 25. A region’s climate is determined by movement of air, the movement of water currents, and ____.a. latitude c. longitudeb. the water cycle d. weather

____ 26. A funnel-shaped windstorm that forms over land is called a ____.a. hurricane c. droughtb. tornado d. typhoon

____ 27. People who live in the Tropics usually have a ____.a. marine west coast climate c. long, dry winterb. hot climate d. rain shadow

____ 28. El Niños occur when ____.a. a volcano erupts c. cold winds from the east are weakb. cold water moves toward the Equator d. clouds form in the western Pacific

____ 29. The climate region that includes more and different climate zones is the ____.a. tropical region c. highland regionb. high latitude region d. mid-latitude region

____ 30. The warming of the earth from the buildup of gases in the air is ____.a. climate c. the greenhouse effectb. erosion d. plate tectonics

____ 31. Most of the earth’s salt water is found in ____.a. the water cycle c. oceansb. groundwater d. aquifers

____ 32. Water held in the atmosphere in the form of gas is called ____.a. water vapor c. the water cycleb. evaporation d. collection

____ 33. Trees and plants are forms of ____.a. animal life c. rain forestsb. vegetation d. tundra

____ 34. Large masses of water in frozen form are called ____.a. water vapor c. glaciers and ice sheetsb. groundwater d. precipitation

____ 35. The amount of water on the earth is ____.a. always changing c. increasingb. always the same d. decreasing

____ 36. The area of the earth labeled B on the map hasa. a permafrost layer. c. a tropical climate.b. a short summer. d. tundra vegetation

____ 37. The greenhouse effect may cause ____.a. the earth to cool c. the earth to warmb. more plants to grow d. permafrost

____ 38. Subarctic climate, tundra climate, and ice cap climate are in what major climate region?a. tropical c. dryb. mid-latitude d. high latitude

____ 39. The world’s largest rain forest area is found in the ____.a. Amazon Basin c. tundrab. steppes d. timberline

____ 40. Some farmers practice crop rotation to ____.a. prevent erosionb. avoid acid rainc. avoid using up all the minerals in the soild. prevent water pollution

____ 41. Rain, sleet, snow, and hail are different forms of _____.a. transpiration c. surface runoffb. groundwater d. precipitation

____ 42. What process results when water from lakes and streams is gathered by the air?a. precipitation c. evaporationb. surface runoff d. groundwater

____ 43. What is the subject of this diagram?a. to show the types of precipitation c. to show how rivers are formedb. to show the water cycle d. to show how erosion occurs

____ 44. What process occurs when moisture-filled warm air rises and cools, forming clouds?a. transpiration c. evaporationb. condensation d. runoff

____ 45. Who is speaking in this cartoon?a. scientists c. city dwellersb. aliens d. farmers

____ 46. Why is the beach closed in this cartoon?a. A volcano has erupted nearby.b. Aliens have taken over the world.c. All the people have moved away from the city.d. The shoreline is too polluted.

____ 47. Which current warms the eastern seacoast of the United States?a. California Current c. Gulf Streamb. North Atlantic Current d. Brazil Current

____ 48. Which of the following is a cold current?a. North Pacific Current c. Japan Currentb. Peru Current d. North Atlantic Current

____ 49. Which of the following currents cools the eastern coast of North America?a. Labrador Current c. North Atlantic Currentb. Gulf Stream d. California Current

____ 50. The North Equatorial Current becomes the _____.a. South Equatorial Current c. Japan Currentb. North Pacific Current d. Oyashio Current

____ 51. What percentage of the world’s water is freshwater?a. 2.75 percent c. 22.19 percent

b. 97.25 percent d. 0.03 percent

____ 52. In what form is most of the world’s freshwater?a. liquid c. frozenb. vapor d. underground

____ 53. About how much of the world’s freshwater is found in ice caps and glaciers?a. one-fourth c. three-fourthsb. one-half d. nine-tenths

____ 54. Where do cold winds originate?a. Equatorb. middle latitudesc. North and South Polesd. Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

____ 55. What is the name of the wind patterns found along the Equator?a. Polar Easterlies c. Doldrumsb. Prevailing Westerlies d. High Latitudes

____ 56. If you lived near the Great Lakes of North America, which type of wind current would you experience?a. Polar Easterlies c. Northeasterly Trade Windsb. Prevailing Westerlies d. Southeasterly Trade Winds

____ 57. What type of wind are the Northeasterly Trade Winds?a. high latitude c. middle latitudeb. cold wind d. warm wind

____ 58. Which city has the highest average temperature?a. Tehran, Iran c. Rio de Janeiro, Brazilb. Cairo, Egypt d. Nairobi, Kenya

____ 59. According to the chart, which type of climate has the lowest average yearly precipitation?a. desert c. Mediterraneanb. steppe d. tropical savanna

____ 60. Which type of climate does New York City experience?

a. Subarctic c. Marine West Coastb. Humid Subtropical d. Humid Continental

____ 61. Which item makes up the largest percentage of America’s trash?a. yard trimmings c. food scrapsb. metals d. paper

____ 62. About how many millions of tons of food scraps are thrown away each year?a. 31.6 c. 20.8b. 13.2 d. 71.6

____ 63. About how much trash could be avoided if people would mulch or recycle their grass clippings and leaves?a. 31.6 million tons c. 14.4 million tonsb. 15.3 million tons d. 13.6 million tons

____ 64. What does the letter “E” signify on the map?a. Indian Ocean c. Atlantic Oceanb. Pacific Ocean d. Arctic Ocean

____ 65. Which letter on the map shows you the location of the Gulf Stream?a. A c. Cb. B d. D

____ 66. What does the letter “D” signify on the map?a. Pacific Ocean c. California Currentb. Japan Current d. Peru Current

“From that blazing disk high in the ... sky comes the endless power that drives and rules all life on earth: its plant growth and the food chains of all its creatures; the winds, rains, and churning weather of the planet; the ocean currents, forests, prairies, and deserts.”

National Geographic

____ 67. To what “disk” is this quote referring?a. the globe c. the sunb. the moon d. the universe

____ 68. Which of the following is affected by the “blazing disk” referred to in the quote?a. weather c. vegetationb. ocean currents d. all of the above

“The natural vegetation found here consists of scattered scrub and cactus, plants that

can live with little moisture and wide temperature ranges. Sometimes underground springs may support an oasis, or an area of lush vegetation. Sandy dunes or rocky surfaces may cover the landscape, but sometimes crops can be grown through irrigation.”

____ 69. What type of landscape and climate is described in this quote?a. tundra c. desertb. steppe d. savanna

____ 70. According to the quote, what can be grown in this type of climate if irrigation is available?a. cactus c. scrubb. crops d. forests

“With no moving air to lift the sails, ships were stranded for weeks in the hot, still weather. Meanwhile, food supplies dwindled and spoiled as the ships sat. To lighten the load so the ships could take advantage of the slightest breeze, sailors would toss supplies overboard, including livestock. This practice gave rise to the name by which the calm areas at the edge of the Tropics are known--the horse latitudes.”

____ 71. According to this quote, why were the ships stranded?a. There were no sea breezes. c. They carried too many horses.b. Their engines had failed. d. They had no sails.

____ 72. How can you tell that this quote is describing transportation from an earlier historical period?a. The ships are crossing the ocean.b. The ships are carrying cargo.c. The ships rely on wind currents and sails to travel.d. The temperature was hot in the Tropics.

____ 73. Where are the horse latitudes located?a. near the Arctic Circleb. near the Antarctic Circlec. near the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricornd. along the Equator

____ 74. What is the approximate latitude and longitude of Prague?a. 51 degrees N, 15 degrees E c. 52 degrees N, 0 degreesb. 60 degrees N, 11 degrees E d. 53 degrees N, 21 degrees E

____ 75. What city is located at 60 degrees N, 11 degrees E?a. Dublin, Ireland c. Oslo, Norwayb. Berlin, Germany d. Stockholm, Sweden

____ 76. What city is located at 42 degrees N, 13 degrees E?a. Madrid, Spain c. Sofia, Bulgariab. Rome, Italy d. Kiev, Ukraine

“Ice cores yield an amazingly good record of global climate. Each year, the snowfall on a glacier or ice sheet freezes and forms a new layer. Scientists can count these layers to date events such as volcanic eruptions. They can analyze water in the ice to determine temperatures. The ice might contain dust that was carried by the wind and dropped into the snow. For example, sulfuric acid and nitrates point to the start of the Industrial Revolution.”

____ 77. According to the quote, how can scientists use ice cores to date past events?a. They count the layers of ice. c. They measure the width of ice layers.b. They use radioactive tools. d. They use global positioning satellites.

“Since 1778, almost 4,000 species of plants and animals have been introduced into the Hawaiian ecosystem, with many disastrous results. More than half of Hawaii’s

native bird species--including the state bird, the nene goose--and 20 percent of native plant species are threatened with extinction.”

____ 78. According to the quote, what has posed a problem to Hawaii’s ecosystem?a. pollution c. harmful rays of the sunb. new plant and animal species d. tourism

Short Answer

79.What do the arrows on the diagram indicate?

80.How do you think the water cycle shown here affects where people live?

81.What is the theme of this cartoon?

82.What message is the cartoonist trying to convey in this cartoon?

83.What symbols or figures are used in the cartoon?

“From that blazing disk high in the ... sky comes the endless power that drives and rules all life on earth: its plant growth and the food chains of all its creatures; the winds, rains, and churning weather of the planet; the ocean currents, forests, prairies, and deserts.”

National Geographic

84.Summarize this quote in your own words.

“Since 1778, almost 4,000 species of plants and animals have been introduced into the Hawaiian ecosystem, with many disastrous results. More than half of Hawaii’s native bird species--including the state bird, the nene goose--and 20 percent of native plant species are threatened with extinction.”

85.What lesson about the introduction of species into new ecosystems can be learned from this quote?

Essay

86.Imagine you are a television newscaster reporting on a hurricane that just struck the east coast of the United States. Write a summary of the events you will report.

87.Label and describe the parts of the earth’s water cycle shown in the graphic. How does the water cycle work? How does it affect your life?

88.What is the climate of the region of the United States where you live?

89.What are some of the plants and animals in your region of the United States?

chapter 2Answer Section

MATCHING

1. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Average3. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Average4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average6. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Average7. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Average8. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Average9. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Average

10. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average

11. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy12. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Average13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average14. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Average15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average18. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy19. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Average20. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Average

MULTIPLE CHOICE

21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy23. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy27. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average29. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average31. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy32. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average36. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average

MSC: Document Based Question37. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average38. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average40. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

MSC: Document Based Question42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

MSC: Document Based Question43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average


MSC: Document Based Question45. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

MSC: Document Based Question46. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average

MSC: Document Based Question47. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average


MSC: Document Based Question49. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average















MSC: Document Based Question64. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy




MSC: Document Based Question68. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy











MSC: Document Based Question

SHORT ANSWER

79. ANS:

The arrows indicate the directions in which evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, and groundwater move.

PTS: 1 DIF: ChallengingMSC: Document Based Question

80. ANS:People tend to live in greater numbers near where the water cycle provides an abundant and steady water supply.


81. ANS:The theme is environmental pollution and the ability of people to correct it.


82. ANS:Answers will vary but should suggest that the world’s environment will become too polluted to live in if people do not start making intelligent changes to clean it up.


83. ANS:Symbols and figures include aliens and a spaceship, clouds representing smog over the city skyline, dark polluted water, trash on the beach, and a “beach closed” sign.


84. ANS:Students’ answers should be similar to the following: The sun gives off energy and light that all plants and animals need to survive. The sun’s power affects all aspects of life on the earth, including climate, wind and ocean currents, and vegetation.


85. ANS:Students’ answers may be similar to the following: Some plants and animals that are introduced into a new ecosystem may be beneficial. Others, however, may be harmful and pose serious threats to the environment and biodiversity. Care should be taken when introducing plants and animals into an ecosystem in which the species do not occur naturally.


ESSAY

86. ANS:Answers will vary but should include descriptions of the high winds and driving rains of a hurricane, the flooding and property damage to homes and businesses that such storms cause, as well as injuries and homelessness in the storm’s aftermath.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging87. ANS:

Student’s labels should be as follows: A: condensation; B: evaporation; C: collection; and D: precipitation. Condensation is water vapor changing into liquid form. Precipitation is water falling back to the earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Evaporation is the sun's heat turning liquid into water vapor. Collection occurs when water that has gathered in the ground, lakes, and streams is carried back to the oceans. The water cycle is the constant movement of water from oceans to the air to the ground and back to oceans. The water cycle affects students' lives by providing the water they drink and use daily as well as rainfall and water for crops. The world's bodies of water also provide a home for fish and plant life.


Answers will vary but should accurately describe the seasons, the temperatures, and the precipitation in your region of the United States.


Answers will vary but should accurately describe the trees, plants, and wild and domestic animals in your region.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging

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