Separation techniques for ninth grade
-
Upload
ninth-grade -
Category
Science
-
view
235 -
download
8
description
Transcript of Separation techniques for ninth grade
Methods of Separating Mixtures
• Magnet
• Filter
• Decant
• Evaporation
• Centrifuge
• Chromatography
• Distillation
Filtration separates
a liquid from a solid
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Mixture ofsolid andliquid Stirring
rod
Filtrate (liquidcomponentof the mixture)
Filter papertraps solid
Funnel
Chromatography
• Tie-dye t-shirt
• Black pen ink
• DNA testing– Tomb of Unknown Soldiers– Crime scene – Paternity testing
Paper Chromatography
Separation by Chromatography
samplemixture
a chromatographic column
stationary phaseselectively absorbs
components
mobile phasesweeps sampledown column
detector
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld006.htm
Separation by Chromatography
samplemixture
a chromatographic column
stationary phaseselectively absorbs
components
mobile phasesweeps sampledown column
detector
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/matter/slides/sld006.htm
Setup to heat a solution
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 42
Ring stand
Beaker
Wire gauze
Ring
Bunsen burner
A Distillation Apparatus
liquid with a soliddissolved in it
thermometer
condenser
tube
distillingflask
pure liquid
receiving flaskhose connected to
cold water faucetDorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 282
The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
Salt remains after all water is boiled off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Saltwater solution(homogeneous mixture)
Distillation(physical method)
Salt
Pure water
Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Separation of Sand from Salt1. Gently break up your salt-crusted sand with a plastic spoon.
Follow this flowchart to make a complete separation.
Salt-crusted
sand.
Dry
sand.
Wetsand.
Weigh themixture.
Decant clearliquid.
Evaporateto
dryness.
Pour intoheat-resistant
container.
Fill with water.
Stir and letsettle 1 minute.
Weighsand.
Calculateweight of
salt.
Repeat3 times?
Yes
No
2. How does this flowchart insure a completeseparation?
Centrifugation
• Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials go to bottom (outside)
• Separate blood into serum and plasma– Serum (clear)– Plasma (contains red blood
cells ‘RBCs’)• Check for anemia (lack of iron)
Blood
RBC’s
Serum
A B C
AFTER
Before