Separation of Mixtures

Thursday, April 20, 2023

Separation of Mixtures Identify the ways in which

magnetic attraction filtrationevaporationdistillation paper chromatography

can be used to separate mixtures.

Separation of Mixtures

Mixtures are matter that are made up of two or more compounds and/or elements.

They can be usually be separated.

Solution

Homogeneous mixture containing dissolved particles. (0.1–2.0 nm in diameter)

Example: Mineral water

Colloid A homogeneous mixture containing particles with

diameters in the range 2–500 nm

Examples: Skin lotion, milk

Suspensions

mixtures with even larger particles, but they are not true solutions because they separate upon standing.

Examples: Sambal Nasi Lemak, Orange Juice

Solute & Solvent

Solute: the dissolved substance in a solutionSolvent: the major component in a solution

Kinds of Solutions

Separation of Mixtures

Techniques

Magnetic

Attraction

Filtration

Paper

Chromatography

Distillation

Evaporation

Separation of MixturesMagnetic Attraction

Separating mixtures containing magnetic material like iron, cobalt and nickel.

Separation of Mixtures

Evaporation

Separating mixture of dissolved solids from a liquid.

Heat is applied to quicken evaporation but NOT to cause decomposition.

Separation of Mixtures

Filtration

Separating mixture of un-dissolved solids from a liquid.

Some Filtration Systems

Filtration diagram

Separation of Mixtures

Distillation

Separating liquid-liquid mixtures of different boiling points.

Temperature tells the type of vapour that is entering the condenser.

Laboratory Distillation Setup

Stone chips are added into the liquid to allow

even and uniform boiling

Cold and hot water enters from the bottom and top of the condenser respectively.

Water will gain heat as vapour condenses. Warmer water is less

effective in condensing vapour

Thermometer at the entrance of the

condenser indicates the

boiling point of the type of vapour

entering it

Whiskey distillery

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Used in refineries to separate crude oil into its different components

Based on difference in boiling point. Products include: Natural Gas, Kerosene,

Gasoline, Diesel, Diesel Oil

Less Dense Component

Denser Component

Separation of Mixtures

Paper Chromatography

Identify the type of substances in a mixture.

Each substance has a different solubility in a common solvent.

(1) Mixtures added at the

base line

(2) Paper dipped into solvent for mixtures

(3) Component will run along

paper as it dissolves in

solvent

Components of Essential Oils are separated

Separation of Mixtures

What are the components in mixture X?

RedX Yellow BlueX Contains Red and Yellow Components

Separation of Mixtures

How do you separate a mixture of salt, sand and iron?

Salt

Salt

Salt

Iron

IronIronN S

Sand

Sand

Sand

•Magnetic attraction to get iron filings

•Add water to dissolve salt

•Filter to get sand residue

•Evaporate filtrate to get salt

Separation of Mixtures

Conclusion 5 simple methods of separating mixtures. Different methods for components of mixtures

with different properties. Separating mixtures produces better

understanding of mixture. Man can produce useful mixtures/components

from raw components/mixtures.