1. Fraz Majeed 082

2. Ahsan Iqbal 056

3. Syed Ali Yazdan 089

GROUP NO # 3

SEPERATION OF EAST PAKISTAN

1. Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of dissension and conflict among East and West Pakistan.

2. Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.

1. Hindu Influence2. Failure of Muslim League leadership in East Pakistan3. Unity of Bengali Muslims and Hindus4. The Delay in Constitution Making Process5. Presidential Form of Government6. Six Point Formula of Sh. Mujeeb7. Presidential Form of Government8.Role of International Community9. The War of Power Between Bhutto and Mujeeb

SERERATION OF EAST PAKISTAN

HINDU INFLUENCE

• The 14% Hindu population had full control over the economy of East Pakistan.

• They were better educated than the native Bengali Muslims. They owned press and mass media.

• At First, the Hindus were the members of the Indian National Congress but after partition they founded their own organization, Pakistan National Congress (PAC).

• The members of PAC were, in fact, the political agents ofIndia in East Pakistan.

FAILURE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE LEADERSHIP IN EAST PAKISTAN

• The Cabinet did not pay due attention towards the problems of the people, hence its capability became zero in the eyes of people.

• The selfish politicians fought among themselves for the lust of chair.The principal leaders and groups representing East Bengal in the Muslim League came from upper-class, land-owning, Urdu speaking families of Dhaka or the mercantile group of Calcutta.

• Soon after the creation of Pakistan, the conflict between those who claimed to represent popular and more radical factors in Bengal and those more conservative elements, began

UNITY OF BENGALI MUSLIMS AND HINDUS

• To establish majority on Pak-legislature, they had to unite with their fellow Bengali Hindus. • Therefore, the man like H.S. Sehrwardy was

a consistent advocate of joint electorates

THE DELAY IN CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS

• The delay in Constitution making process gave rise to suspicions and misunderstandings between the people of two halves.

• The population of East Pakistan was 56%. The Bengalis demanded their representation according to the percentage of population in the national assembly.

6 POINTS FORMULA OF SH. MUJEEB• The government should be federal and parliamentary in

nature as it was discussed in Lahore Resolution, its members to be elected with legislative representation on the basis of population.• The federal government shall be responsible for only

foreign affairs and defense. • There shall be two separate currencies mutually or freely

convertible in each wing for each region.

CONTI………• The power of implementation & collection of taxes would

lie with the provinces. The F.G ‘will be given enough shares to fulfill its tasks of foreign and defense. • There would be Separate accounts of foreign exchange

earnings for each of the federating units.• The East Pakistan would be given the authority to have

a paramilitary force to contribute towards national security.

PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT

• A parliamentary system could have at least partially offset West Pakistan dominance in the civil and military services.

• Again the same mistake was made.

• Instead of opting for loose Confederate Form of Government, the power elite decided in favour of highly centralized presidential system.

• The opposition from East Pakistan was intense and un-equivocal for progressive increase in the amount of autonomy.

ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

• Both, Soviet Union and America were in favor of the disintegration of Pakistan. • Soviet Union openly supported India’s attack on East

Pakistan. • Whereas, America did not fulfill her promise to support

Pakistan.

THE WAR OF POWER BETWEEN BHUTTO AND MUJEEB

• The Awami League, by virtue of its over-whelming majority in election, was entitled to establish its government, but Mr. Z.A.

• Bhutto having the patronage from General Yahya Khan boycotted the session of National Assembly at Dhaka, which was postponed by General Yahya Khan.

• Mr. Mujeeb-ur-Rehman alleged Yahya Khan with partiality and began to agitate the people for civil war

CONCLUSIONS:

• Minor misunderstandings between East & West Pakistan led to the major conflicts. • Thad had brought an end to the united Pakistan and

Pakistan was disintegrated.