Separable and Inseparable German Verbs

8/17/2019 Separable and Inseparable German Verbs

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Separable prefxes

Separable prefixes offer a large set of possibilities for the formationof new verbs. In general, these elements provide either a more

precise, or a significantly different meaning of the modified verb. Thus

they serve as the "verb complement" (see the page on German wordorder).

English has an analogous, but less frequently applied concept.onsider, for e!ample, what happens when various prepositions are

added to a verb lie "to throw"# "to throw (money) around," "to throw(something) away (or out)," "to throw down (the gauntlet)," "to throw

in (the towel)," "to throw (someone) over," "to throw (something)

together," "to throw up."

In German, most, but not all, separable prefi!es are derived from

prepositions and retain much of the meaning that they had in that

form. $s with inseparable prefi!es, the con%ugation of the original verbremains the same, but, as their name would imply, separable prefi!es

can be detached.

Tae the e!ample of "durchfahren". &hile the prefi! "durch'" can

have various definitions, here it taes on the meaning of continuation

through to an end. ence "durchfahren" means# to pass through; togo non-stop. ote also the wordsdurchgehend" and "Durchsage" in

the following announcement in the *erlin subway#

It is in effect "durchgehend" (continuously) from Dec. 17 - Feb. 10.

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/WordOrder/WordOrder.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/WordOrder/WordOrder.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Wortbildung/Inseparables.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Wortbildung/Inseparables.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/WordOrder/WordOrder.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/WordOrder/WordOrder.html


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Die Züge fahren durch ["durchfahren" to run non-stop!"Die Durchsage ([ plural #! die Durchsagen)" announcement [said over a loudspeaker]

Characteristics of Verbs with Separable

Prefixes

• In the $erb%s infiniti$e form& the 'refi is attached# "durchfahren".

• hen s'o*en& the 'refi is stressed# "D+,fahren"

• In the finite form& the 'refi se'arates from the stem $erb and goes to the endof the c/ause& the 'osition of the $erb com'/ement# "Die Züge fahren ohne a/tdurch" (The trains run through without stopping ).

• he 'refi does not affect the $erb%s conugation (e.g.& "Die Züge fuhren ohnea/t durch" [The trains ran through without stopping !).

• In the 'ast 'artici'/e& the 'refi is attached& but& in contrast to inse'arab/e 'refies& it does not re'/ace the "ge-"# "durchgefahren".

• If the $erb is in the form of an infiniti$e 2ith "3u"& the "3u" comes bet2een the 'refi and the origina/ $erb# "4r $ersucht durch3ufahren" ( He tries to drive straight through).

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• 5erbs 2ith 'refies (se'arab/e or inse'arab/e) can a/so become nouns oradecti$es and ad$erbs through the use of suffies& e.g.& "die Durchfahrt"( passage; thoroughfare; transit ) "durchfahrbar" (able to be gotten through)"die Durchsage" (announcement ).

• In man6 cases& a $erb 2ith a 'refi can ha$e t2o forms# one in 2hich the 'refiis se'arab/e& and one in 2hich it is inse'arab/e. ere is the distinction bet2een

'refies that are either se'arab/e or inse'arab/e.

Examples of Verbs with Separable Prefixes

The following e!amples of separable prefi!es and their meaningsare merely representative#

"ab-"

The prefi! "ab-" usually ' but not always ' carries the notion of "away

from". +ome of the many possibilities#

"abb/enden" (to fade out, dim [lights])

"abbrechen" (to break off )"abbrennen" (to burn down) "abdan*en" (to abdicate, resign)"abdrüc*en" (to pull the trigger; to shoot ) "abfahren" (to drive off; to depart [by car])"abfegen" (to brush off ) "abhac*en" (to chop off )"abhngen $on" (to be dependent on)"abh8ren" (to wiretap)

"ab*ommen" (to get away) "ab/en*en" (to divert ) "abnehmen" (to remove; to take away)"abnut3en" (to wear out ) "abriege/n" (to bolt [a door]; to close off ) "abschaffen" (to do away with) "abschic*en" (to send off )

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"absichern" (to secure) "abstimmen" (to vote)"abtreiben" (to abort ) "ab2ehren" (to repulse; to fend off )

"ab3iehen" (to deduct; to withdraw) "ab32eigen" (to branch off ).

9/ease *ee' this area c/ear for arri$ing and de'arting hote/ guests.

"an-"

The prefi! "an-" usually carries the meanings "at," "begin," "on,""onward," "to," or "toward". +ome of the many possibilities#

"anbauen" (to build on; to add; to cultivate [a crop]) "anbei:en" (to take a bite of ) "anbinden" (to attach)"anbringen" (to fasten, install ) "andauern" (to last, continue)"anfahren" (to drive up; to arrive [by car])


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"anfangen" (to begin)"anfassen" (to take hold of )"anhngen" (to attach)"angreifen" (to attack )

"anhaben" (to have on, wear )"anha/ten" (to cause to stop)"an*ommen" (to arrive) "an/che/n" (to smile at ) "an/ehnen" (to lean)"anmachen" (to attach; to make a pass at )"anmer*en" (to notice; to note)"an'ac*en" (to take hold of ) "an'feifen" (to whistle for play to start )

"anrechnen" (to take into account ) "anschie:en" (to shoot at and wound ) "anschauen" (to look at )"anschneiden" (to cut into [cut the first piece of]) "ansehen" (to look at; to regard )"ans'rechen" (to speak to; to initiate a conversation with)"anstreben" (to aspire to)"anstrengen" (to strain)"anti''en" (to give a light tap to)

"an3eigen" (to report to the authorities; to show) "an3iehen" (to attract; to put on)"an3ünden" (to ignite).


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"auf-"

The prefi! "auf-" adds the meanings "on," "open," "out," "up," or"un'"#

"aufarbeiten" (to finish off; to reuse) "aufatmen" (to breathe a sigh of relief ) "aufbauen" (to build up)"aufbessern" (to improve) "aufbe2ahren" (to keep, to store) "aufbinden" (to untie; to undo)

enn 2e%re o'en& 2e%re o'en. ;o2 2e%re c/osed<


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"aufb/ühen" (to blossom forth)"aufbrauchen" (to use up)"aufbrechen" (to break open) "aufbrauchen" (to use up)

"aufdec*en" (to uncover )"aufdrehen" (to unscrew; to turn up, to wind up)"aufessen" (to eat up) "auffa//en" (to stand out, be noticeable) "auffassen" (to grasp, undertsand )"auff/iegen" (to fly up)"aufgeben" (to give up) "aufgehen" (to open) "auf*/ren" (to enlighten)

"auf*ommen" (to arise, spring for [costs])"aufmachen" (to open)"auf'assen" (to look, to watch out )"auf'um'en" (to inflate)"aufrichten" (to erect ) "aufsch/agen" (to open [a book]) "aufsch/ie:en" (to unlock; to open up)"aufschneiden" (to cut open) "aufschreiben" (to write down)

"aufsein" (to be open; to be up) "auftischen" (to serve up)"auf2achsen" (to grow up) "auf2eichen" (to soften up) "auf3iehen" (to wind up; to raise [children]) "auf32ingen" (to force upon).

"aus-"

The prefi! "aus-" adds the meanings "out," "outward," "e!tended,"

"completely," "missing"#

"ausbauen" (to extend; to improve; to expand ) "ausbessern" (to fix; to touch up) "ausbeuten" (to exploit )


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"ausbi/den" (to train)"ausb/eiben" (to stay away; to fail to show up) "ausbreiten" (to spread out ) "ausbrennen" (to burn out )

"ausdehnen" (to extend; to expand )"ausdis*utieren" (to discuss thoroughly)"ausfahren" (to go for a drive; to take for a drive)"ausfa//en" (to fail, to drop out; to be canceled ) "ausführen" (to take for a walk; to carry out [work]; to put into

practice) "ausfü//en" (to fill out [a form])"ausgehen" (to go out ) "ausg/eichen" (to even out )

"ausha/ten" (to endure; to withstand ) "aushe/fen" (to help out ) "aus*/ammern" (to bracket out )"aus*/ingen" (to fade away [music])"aus/achen" (to laugh at )"aus/eihen" (to lend )"ausmachen" (to turn off; to extinguish; to make a difference; to add upto) "aus'ressen" or "aus=uetschen" (to press or suee!e out )

"ausradieren" (to erase)"ausreichen" (to be sufficient )"ausrichten" (to pass on [a message])"ausrotten" (to eradicate) "ausrüsten" (to euip) "sich aussch/afen" (to get a good sleep) "aussch/ie:en" (to exclude; to lock out )"ausschütten" (to spill out; to tip out )"aussteigen" (to get out of [a car, train])

"aussehen" (to appear )"aus2echse/n" (to switch; to replace).

"auseinander-"

The prefi! "auseinander-" has the sense of "apart"#


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"auseinanderbe*ommen" (to manage to get apart" )"auseinanderbrechen" (to break up; to break apart )"auseinanderfa//en" (to fall apart ) "auseinandergehen" (to part; to disperse)

"auseinanderha/tem" (to distinguish; to keep apart )"sich mit et2as auseinanderset3en" (to come to terms with something )"sich mit emandem auseinanderset3en" (to have it out with someone).

"bei-"

The prefi! "bei-" has the meanings of "along" or "with"#

"beibeha/ten" (to retain) "beibringen" (to teach)

"beifügen" (to enclose [along with]) "bei*ommen" (to get hold of, deal with)"bei/iegen" (to be enclosed [along with])"beimischen" (to add [to a mixture])"beiset3en" (to bury) "beitragen" (to contribute [to]) "beitreten" (to #oin) "bei2ohnen" (to be present at )

"da-" and "dabei-"

The prefi!es "da-" and "dabei-" mean "there" ' "dabei-" has the

sense of staying with something that is going on#

"dabeib/eiben" (to stay there; to stick with) "dabeisein" (to be present at; to take part in)"dabeisit3en" or "dabeistehen" (to sit$stand there; to stick with)"dab/eiben" (to stay there)

"da/assen" (to leave there)."da-" or "dar-" !plus prepositions

any of the prefi!es listed here can be preceded by "da" (or, if the

preposition begins with a vowel, "dar-" ), effectively adding the notionof "it" to the meaning. In most such cases, the new meaning is clear,

the equivalent of a prepositional phrase formed with "da'". -or


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e!ample, "es macht mir nichts aus" (I don't mind; it makes nodifference to me) becomes "ich mache mir nichts daraus" (I don't

worry about it ). There are, however, some prefi!es which require the"da'" (or "dar'") for logical purposes, e.g. "dawischen'". /r, see the

above e!amples of "dabei'".

ere are %ust some e!amples of of the other particular meanings thatcan ensue through the addition of "da'" (or "dar'")#

"sich daranmachen" (to set about it; to get down to it )"dahinter*ommen" (to find out )"da32ischenreden" (to interrupt )

"durch-"

"durch-" has the meaning of entering a process with purpose andcoming out the other end.

"durcharbeiten" (to work through) "durchbrechen" (to break through) "durchatmen" (to breathe deeply)"durchbraten" (to cook or roast all the way through)"durchdrehen" (to put through a grinder )"durchgehen" (to walk through)

"sich durchfinden" (to find one%s way through) "durchha/ten" (to withstand, to endure) "durchfahren" (to drive straight through) "durchführen" (to implement; to carry out [a task]) "durch*mmen" (to comb through [hair]) "durch/assen" (to allow through) "durchsch/ü'fen (to slip through)"durchschneiden" (to cut through) "durchs'rechen" (to talk through; to talk over; to talk out; to argue

something out ) "durchsto:en" (to knock a hole through)"durch2h/en" (to dial directly)"durch3iehen" (to pull through [an opening]).

"ein-"


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"ein-" has the meanings of "in", "into", "inward"#

"einatmen" (to inhale)"einberufen" (to conscript; to convene) "einbiegen" (to turn in)"einbrechen" (to break in; to cave in) "eincremen" (to put lotion on) "eindringen" (to enter forcibly into) "einfahren" (to drive in)"einfa//en" (to collapse; to occur to)"eingehen" (to enter, to sink in; to shrink ) "ein*a/*u/ieren" (to take into account ) "ein*aufen" (to shop)

"ein*e//ern" (to store in the cellar )"ein*/ammern" (to put in brackets) "ein/aden" (to invite)"ein/assen" (to allow to enter )"ein/eiten" (to introduce, begin) "einmarschieren" (to march in)"einordnen" (to 'ut into order) "ein'ar*en" (to park [in a parking space]) "einreden" (to pursuade)

"einsac*en" (to pocket )"einsch/agen" (to hammer in; to knock in)"einschneiden" (to make a cut in)"einschreiben" (to enroll ) "einschreiten" (to intervene) "eins'ringen" (to #ump in [to help out]) "einsteigen" (to enter [a vehicle])"einstudieren" (to rehearse)"eintauchen" (to immerse; to dive in)

"eintreten" (to enter )"ein2erfen" (to throw in; to drop [a coin or letter])"ein2i//igen" (to agree [to]; to consent )"ein3ah/en" (to pay in; to pay a deposit ).

"empor-"


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"empor-" has the meaning of "upwards"#

"sich em'orarbeiten" (to work one%s way up) "em'orb/ic*en" (to raise one%s eyes)"em'orheben" (to lift up)"em'orragen" (to tower above) "em'orschie:en" (to shoot up [grow suddenly])"em'orsteigen" (to climb up)"em'orstreben" (to aspire).

"entgegen-"

"entgegen-" means "toward" or "against"#

"entgegenarbeiten" (to work against ) "entgegen*ommen" (to approach; to accommodate; to meet halfway)"entgegennehmen" (to accept or receive) "entgegenset3en" (to contrast ) "sich entegenste//en" (to oppose)"entgegentreten" (to confront )"entgegen2ir*en" (to counteract ).

"entlang-"

"entlang-" means "along". It can be affi!ed to %ust about any verb of

motion.

"ent/anggehen"& "ent/ang/aufen" (to go$walk along )

ent#wei-"

"ent#wei-" means "asunder", "in half", "into two pieces"#

"ent32eibrechen" (to break in two)"ent32eigehen" (to come apart ) "ent32eirei>?@en" (to rip in two) "ent32eisch/agen" (to smash into two pieces).

"fehl-"


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"fehl-" has the sense of "wrong" or "false". It more often affi!ed tonouns (e.g. "die -ehlaneige" 0indication error 1, "die -ehlplanung"

0bad planning12 "der -ehlschlag" 0error; miss12 "der -ehltritt" 0falsestep1). *ut there are also some verbs#

"feh/beset3en" (to miscast [in film or theater])"feh/gehen" (to go wrong )"feh/starten" (to make a false start )

"fern-"

"fern-"means "far" and corresponds to the 3nglish "tele'". It more

often affi!ed to nouns (e.g. "die -ernbahn" 0long-distance rail 12 "der

-ernsprecher" 0telephone12 "der -ernfahrer" 0long-haul truck driver 12"das -erngespr4ch" 0long-distance phone call 12 "das -ernrohr"

0telescope1). *ut there are also some verbs#

"fernbedienen" (to operate by remote control ) "fern/en*en" (to steer by remote control ) "das 2ürde mir fern/iegen" (that would be the last thing & would do)"fernsehen" (to watch television)

"fest-"

"fest-" means "firm" or "fi!ed". It often appears as an adverb or

ad%ective (e.g. "fest glauben" 0to believe firmly 1). ot to be confusedwith "das -est", as in "das -estessen" (banquet; feast ).

"festbei:en" (to bite into firmly) "festfrieren" (to ice over ) "festha/ten" (to hold on firmly) "fest*/eben" (to glue on; to be glued on) "fest/aufen" (to run aground )"fest/egen" (to establish)

"festmachen" (to fasten firmly)"festnage/n" (to nail down)"festnehmen" (to arrest ) "festsit3en" (to be stuck ).

"fort-"

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"fort-" means "away," "forth," or "onward" 0as in "continuing"1.

"sich fortbe2egen" (to move along; to move on) "fortbi/den" (tocontinue [one%s] education) "fortbringen" (to take away [for repair])"sich fortent2ic*e/n" (to continue to develop) "fortfahren" (tocontinue) "fort/aufen" (to run away) "fort'f/an3en" (to propagate)"fortset3en" (to continue) "forttreiben" (to drive away).

*ee' the entrance c/ear

"frei-"

"frei-" means "free" or "clear"#

"freibe*ommen" (to get time off )

"freigeben" (to release [a prisoner]; to allow [a currency] to float )"freiha/ten" (to keep clear [not block])"frei*m'fen" (to liberate) "frei*aufen" (to ransom; to buy [a slave%s] freedom) "frei*ommen" (to escape; to get away) "frei/egen" (to uncover )"freiset3en" (to rlease)

"gegen$ber-"

"gegen$ber-" means "across from," "opposite#"

"gegenüber/iegen" (to face, to be across from) "gegenübersit3en" (to sit facing, to sit across from) "gegenüberstehen" (to stand facing; to be confronted with)"gegenüberste//en" (to confront, to compare).


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"gleich-"

"gleich-" means "equal"#

"g/eichb/eiben" (to stay the same)

"g/eich*ommen" (to eual; to be tantamount to) "g/eichmachen" (to make eual ) "g/eichset3en" (to euate; to treat as euivalent )

"heim-"

"heim-" means "home"#

"heimbeg/eiten" (to accompany home)

"heimfahren" (to drive home)"heimfinden" (to find one%s way home) "heimgehen" (to go$walk home)"heim*ehren" (to return home)"heim*ommen" (to come home)

Aut a/so# "heimsuchen" (to afflict ) "heim3ah/en" (to pay back; to geteven with).

"her-%" "herab-%" "heran-%" herauf-%" "heraus-% "herbei-%""herein-%" "her$ber-%" "herum-%" "herunter-%" "her&or-"

"her- indicates motion toward the speaer, "hither". It can alsocombine with a number of other prefi!es, maing their direction more

precise. ote that these prefi!es do not necessarily replaceprepositions#

,a'un3e/ 3ieht den 9rin3en 3u sich herauf. 'apun!el pulls the prince up (to her)*4r f//t $om Aaum herab. He falls down out of the tree*Die Binder marschierten um das aus

herum.

The children march around the outside of the

house*

"herbeste//en" (to summon) "herfahren" (to travel$drive here)"herführen" (to bring here; to lead here) "her*ommen" (to come here;to come from) "herste//en" (to manufacture; to produce) "hertragen"(to carry here [in this direction]).


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"herab-" means "down from" or "off from". $gain, the direction istoward the point of view of the speaer#

"herabfa//en" (to fall from) "herabf/ie:en" (to flow down)"herabhngen" (to hang down)"herabset3en" or "herabmindern" (to reduce; to disparage)"herabsehen [auf!" (to look down [on])"herabsin*en" (to sink down; to descend ) "herabsteigen" (to climb down; to descend )"herabstür3en" (to plummet down).

"heran-" has the meaning of "approaching toward 0the point of view

of the speaer1"#

"heranbringen" (to bring toward; to bring up to [a certain point])"heranführen" (to bring up [to a place]; to lead here) "herangehen" (to go up closer ) "heran*ommen" (to draw near ) "heranreifen" (to mature).

"herauf-" means "up from," "out of" ' toward the point of view of thespeaer#

"heraufarbeiten" (to work one%s way up) heraufbesch28ren (to cause;to bring about; to evoke) "heraufführen" (to bring up here; to lead uphere) "herauftragen" (to carry up here) "herauf3iehen" (to pull up; tobe approaching ).

"heraus-" means "from," "out of" ' toward the point of view of thespeaer#

"herausbitten" (to ask [someone] to come outside)

"herausbringen" (to bring out; to publish; to launch; to make known)"herausfahren" (to drive out of )"herausgeben" (to hand over; to hand out ) "heraushngen" (to hang out )"heraus*riegen" (to get out of, find out )"herausfordern" (to challenge, provoke) "sich herausste//en" (to turn out [to be])


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"heraus3iehen" (to pull out ).

"herbei-" means "(towards) over here"#

"herbeibringen" (to bring over ) "herbeiho/en" (to fetch)"herbei/aufen" (to to come running up)"herbeirufen" (to call over )"herbeischaffen" (to get )"herbeisehnen" (to long for )

"herein-" means to "come in", i.e. into a real or metaphorical space

that mars the speaer5s point of orientation#

"hereinbitten" (to invite in) "hereinbringen" (to bring in) "hereinfa//en" (to fall into; to be duped )"hereinho/en" (to bring in)"herein*ommen" (to come in) "hereinschneien" (to snow in; to appear out of the blue)"hereins'a3ieren" (to stroll in)

"her$ber-" means "over in this direction"#

"herüberfahren" (to drive over here) "herüber*ommen" (to come over here)"herüberschauen" (to look over here) "herüberschic*en" (to send over here).

"herum-" means "around." $s with the 3nglish "around," it indicates

either a specific direction or a lac of direction#

Das Brautpaar geht um den Altar herum.

The wedding couple walks around the altar*4r schaut sich nur herum. He%s #ust looking around*

Die Binder marschierten im aus herum. The children marched around inside the house*

ir sto/'ern hier nur herum. +e%re #ust stumbling around here*

4in guter Cebraucht2agenhnd/er *ann eden herum*riegen.


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good used-car saleman can win over anybody [make him or her come around]*

"herunter-" means "down" or "downwards" (towards the speaer)#

"herunterbe*ommen" (to be able to eat; to manage to get down)

"herunterfa//en" (to fall down) "herunterhande/n" (to bargain down) "herunterho/en" (to fetch down) "herunter*ommen" (to come down; to go to the dogs)"heruntersch/uc*en" (to swallow) "herunterschrauben" (to ratchet down; to dumb down)"heruntersteigen" (to climb down).

"her&or-" means "out from"#

"her$orgehen" (to emerge) "her$orgehen" (to lure out ) "her$orheben" (to emphasi!e) "her$orragen" (to pro#ect; to #ut out; to stand out ) "her$orrufen" (to call to come out )"her$orstec*en" (to stick out )"her$ortreten" (to emerge; to step forth) "sich her$ortun" (to excel )

"sich her$or2agen" (to dare to come out ).

"hin-%" "hinab-%" "hinauf-%" "hinaus-%" "hinein-%" "hinunter-%""hinweg-"

"hin-" indicates motion away from the speaer, "thither"2 also "down."

6ie her', it can also combine with a number of other prefi!es, maingtheir direction more precise. ote that these prefi!es do not

necessarily obviate the need for prepositions#

Wir steigen auf den Berg hinauf. +e%re climbing up the mountain*4r hat mein Auch 3um Fenster hinausge2orfen. He threw my book out of the window*

"hinarbeiten" (to work towards)"hinbe*ommen" (to wangle; to have [something] licked )"hinbeg/eiten" (to accompany thither ) "hinbe2egen" (to move toward )"hinbiegen" (to arrange)

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"hinb/ttern" (to shell out )"hinbringen" (to take there) "hindeuten" (to point to) "hinfahren" (to go$drive there)

"hinfa//en" (to fall down) "hinfinden" (to find one%s way to) "hinführen" (to lead to) "hingeben" (to devote; to sacrifice)"hingeraten" (to get there)"hinha/ten" (to hold out; to delay)"hinhorchen" (to listen closely) "hin*nien" (to kneel down) "hin*ommen" (to get there)

"hin*riegen" (to carry [something] off; to make work )"$or sich hin/eben" (to live passively, without purpose)"hin/egen" (to lay down)"hin/en*en" (to steer toward )"hinnehmen" (to accept; to put up with)"hinreichen" (to be sufficient ) "hinrei:en" (to carry away; to entrance) "hinrichten" (to execute; to put to death) "hinschic*en" (to send there)

"hinsch/e''en" (the drag there)"sich hinset3en" (to sit down)"hintragen" (to carry there).

"hinab-" and "hinunter-" both mean "down" (away from the

speaer)#

"hinabb/ic*enhinunterb/ic*en" (to look down)"hinabfa//enhinunterfa//en" (to fall down)

"hinab/assenhinunter/assen" (to lower down [e*g* with a rope])"hinunters'ü/en" (to wash down).

"hinauf-" indicates an upward direction away from the speaer and

can be affi!ed to any appropriate verb of motion#


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"sich hinbe2egen" (to move upwards) "hinaufgehen" (to walk up; towalk upstairs; to lead upwards) "hinaufschauen" (to look up) etc.

"hinaus-" means "from," "out of" ' away from the speaer. It taes

on a number of figurative meanings, as well#

"hinausbringen" (to take out ) "hinause*e/n" (to drive out in disgust ) "hinausgehen" (to go out ) "auf et2as hinaus/aufen" (to lead to something )"hinausragen" (to pro#ect beyond ) "hinausschieben" (to postpone) "über et2as hinaus2achsen" (to grow beyond$outgrow something )"hinaus2erfen" (to throw out )"hinaus2o//en" (to want to go out )"hinaus38gern" (to draw out; to delay).

"hinein-" means "into" ' away from the speaer#

"hineindrngen" (to fall into)"hineindürfen" (to be allowed in) "hineinfa//en" (to fall into) "hineinf/ie:en" (to flow into)

"hineingehen" (to enter ) "hineinreichen" (to reach into) "hineingehen" (to enter ) "hineinreiten" (to ride in [on horseback]) "hineinschneiden" (to cut into)"sich hineine$erset3en" (to put oneself into [someone%s situation])"hinein2o//en" (to want to go in).

"hinweg-" has the sense of "beyond" or "past"#

"emandem über et2as hin2eghe/fen" (to help someone to get over something )"über et2as hin2eg*ommen" (to get over something ) "sich über et2as hin2egset3en" (to disregard something )

"hinterher"


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"hinterher-" has the sense of following behind (see also "nach")#

"hinterherhin*en" (to limp along behind )"hinterher*ommen" (to follow after )"hinterher/aufen" (to run after ) "hinterherschic*en" (to send after; to send on)

"hin#u-"

"hin#u-" carries the sense of adding something#

"hin3ufügen hin3uset3en" (to add; to append ) "hin3ugese//en" (to #oin) "hin3u*ommen" (to be added to)

"hin3u$erdienen" (to earn [something] extra)"hin3u3iehen" (to consult )

"hoch-"

"hoch-%" when affi!ed to a verb, indicates an upward motion or

position#

"emanden hochbringen" (to help someone up)"hochha/ten" (to hold up [in a raised position])

"hoch*/ettern" (to climb up)"hoch*rem'e/n" (to roll up [a sleeve]) "hoch/egen" (to support in a raised position)"hochrechnen" (to extrapolate; to pro#ect [a forecast])"hochschie:en" (to shoot upwards).

"los-"

"los-" can indicate the beginning of an action or carry the sense of

"away 7 off" or "un'"#

"/osbinden" (to untie) "/osfahren" (to drive off )"/osgehen" (to commence) "/os*ommen" (to get away) "/os*riegen" (to get rid of )

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"/os/assen" (to let go of )"/os/egen" (to get started; let it rip) "sich /osrei:en" (to break free of )"et2as /os2erden" (to get rid of something )

"/os2o//en" (to want to be off )."mit-"

"mit-" can be attached to any appropriate verb to indicate %oining or

participating in the activity, somewhat ain to the 3nglish "along"#

"mitarbeiten" (to collaborate; to work along with) "mitbringen" (to bring along )"mitdürfen" (to be allowed to go along )

"mitfahren" (to ride with) "et2as mitgeben" (to give something [for the purpose of taking italong]) "mitha/ten" (to keep up with) "mithe/fen" (to help out )"mith8ren" (to listen in; to eavesdrop) "mit*ommen" (to come along )"mitmachen" (to participate)"mitnehmen" (to take along )

"mitreden" (to participate in the conversation; to have a say)"mitschreiben" (to take notes)"mitsingen" (to sing along ) "mits'ie/en" (to take part in the game) "mittei/en" (to communicate; to inform) "mit2ir*en" (to be involved ).

"nach-"

"nach-" offers a variety of meanings. $ttached to a verb of motion, itcan mean to "follow after" (see also hinterher')2 in some cases, the act

of "following" can designate a testing or other ind of follow'up of a

previous action2 "nach'" can also indicate imitation or else a reduction,or lessening#

"nachaffen" (to mimic; to ape)

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"nachahmen" (to imitate) "nacharbeiten" (to do make-up work ) "nachbessern" (to touch up; to improve by making ad#ustments)"nachbeste//en" (to order more [of something])

"nachdruc*en" (to reprint ) "nachem'finden nachfüh/en" (to empathi!e; to share feelings with)"nacher3h/en" (to retell )"nachfeiern" (to celebrate at a later date)"nachfo/gen" (to succeed; to follow)"nachforschen" (to investigate)"nachfü//en" (to refill; to top off )"nachgeben" (to give way; to give in)"nachgehen" (to follow after; to look into [an issue]; to run slow

[clock])"nachha*en" (to dig deeper; to ask further about )"nachho/en" (to catch up on; to make up for; to fetch later )"nach*ommen" (to come later ) "nach/assen" (to diminish; to loosen) "nachmachen" (to imitate; to counterfeit )"nachreichen" (to hand in later ) "nachrüc*en" (to move up [to the next position after it has becomevacant])

"nachschauen nachsehen" (to look up; to check up)"nachs'ie/en" (to play during time that has been added on ["in#urytime" in soccer])"nachs'rechen" (to repeat after ) "nachste//en" (to read#ust )"nachtrauern nach2einen" (to mourn or bemoan the passing of )"nach$o//3iehen" (to comprehend )"nach2eisen" (to provide proof of something that has been committed )"nach2ir*en" (to have a lasting effect )

"nach3h/en" (to recount [count again]).

"nebenher-"

"nebenher-", affi!ed to a verb of motion, means "alongside of"#

"nebenherfahren" (to drive alongside)


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"nebenhergehen" (to walk alongside)"nebenher/aufen" (to run alongside; to proceed at the same time).

Des'ondent& sad& ho'e/ess& s/ee'ing bad/6E hen 6ou might be suffering from de'ression.

"nieder-"

"nieder-" means "down" or "lower"#

"niederbrennen" (to burn down) "niederbrü//en" (to shout down)"niedergehen" (to drop down; to go down; to land ) "niederha/ten" (to oppress) "nieder*nien" (to kneel down) "nieder/assen" (to lower )

"sich nieder/assen" (to ensconce oneself )"niederrei:en" (to tear down) "niederschie:en" (to gun down) "niedersch/agen" (to knock down; to suppress; to make despondent )"nieder2erfen" (to overcome; to defeat )"sich nieder2erfen" (to prostrate oneself ).


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"statt-"

"statt-" does not have a specific meaning as a prefi! and appears in

%ust two verbs#

"stattfinden" (take place)"stattgeben" (to accede to; to grant; to allow" ).

"um-"

"um-" can carry a variety of meanings including "around," "down,"and "over." It also can denote substantial sorts of change#

"umndern" (to change; to change around )"umarbeiten" (to rework ) "umbenennen" (to rename) "umb/ic*en" (tolook around ) "umbringen" (to kill ) "umbuchen" (to re-book [travel

plans]) "umden*en" (to rethink; to revise one%s opinion) "umdrehen"(to turn around ) "umfa//en" (to fall over$down) "umfassen" (to grasp;to include; to embrace) "umformen" (to recast ) "umfü//en" (totransfer [something] into [another container]) "umfun*tionieren" (tochange the function of ) "umgraben" (to dig over; to turn over [dirt])

"umhngen" (to re-hang [curtains]; to drape around ) "umhauen" (toknock down; to knock over ) "um*ehren" (to turn around ) "um*i''en"(to tip over ) "um*/ammern" (to clutch) "um*ommen" (to get killed )"um*reisen" (to orbit ) "um/aden" (to transfer [a load]) "um/ernen"(to learn to think differently) "umrahmen" (to frame) "umrechnen" (toconvert [e*g* into different units]) "umrühren" (to stir ) "umscha/ten"(to change; to switch [gears, channels]) "umset3en" (to transfer; totranspose; to implement; to transact; to transform) "umsteigen" (totransfer [change buses, trains, planes]) "umstimmen" (to persuade [tochange one%s mind]) "umschu/en" (to retrain; to switch to another

school ) "ums'u/en" (to rewind ) "umste//en" (to rearrange)"umtauschen" (to exchange) "um2erfen" (to knock over ) "um3iehen"(to move [to change address]) "sich um3iehen" (to change clothes).

$dditionally, "sich ' um-" can indicate a general ind of activity#


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"sich umh8ren" (to keep one%s ears open) "sich umfragen" (to askaround ) "sich umsehen umschauen" (to look around ).

"&or-"

"&or-"has the meanings "before," "forward," "pre'," and "pro'"#

"sich $orarbeiten" (to work one%s way forward ) "$orbauen" (to make provision) "$orbeha/ten" (to reserve) "$orbereiten" (to prepare)"$orbeugen" (to prevent; to bend forward ) "$orbringen" (to propose;to bring forward; to produce) "$ordrngen" (to push forward )"$orfahren" (to drive on ahead; to drive up in front [of a building])"$orfa//en" (to happen) "$orführen" (to bring forward; to perform)"$orgeben" (to pretend ) "$orgehen" (to proceed; to go first )

"$or/egen" (to present ) "emandem $orgreifen" (to #ump in ahead of someone) "$orhaben" (to intend ) "$orherrschen" (to predominate)"$or*ommen" (to happen; to seem) "$or/aden" (to summon)"$or/egen" (to present; to place before) "$orneigen" (to lean forward )"$or'rogrammieren" (to pre-program) "$orrüc*en" (to move forward )"$orsch/agen" (to propose; to suggest ) "$orset3en" (to put before)"$orsingen" (to sing [in front of people]) "$orsorge" (to make

provisions) "$ors'ie/en" (to play [music in front of people])"$ortragen" (to perform; to present [a speech, song, etc*]) "$or3iehen"(to prefer; to pull forward; to draw [a curtain]).

"&oran-%" "&oraus-%" "&orbei-%" "&or$ber-% "&orweg-"

-urther modifications can be made to "&or-"

"&oran-" means "ahead"#

"$orangehen" (to go ahead ) "$oran*ommen" (to make progress)

"&oraus-" means "in advance"#

"$oraussein" (to be in advance; to be ahead ) "$orausberechnen" (tocalculate in advance) "$orausgehen" (to go on ahead ) "$oraussagen"(to predict ) "$oraussehen" (to foresee) "$oraussein" (to be in advance;to be ahead ) "$orausset3en" (to assume).


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"&orbei-" means "past"#

"$orbeifahren" (to drive past ) "$orbeigehen" (to walk past )"$orbei*ommen" (to drop in) "$orbei/assen" (to let by) "$orbeireden"(to talk past ) "$orbeischie:en" (to miss [the target]).

"&or$ber-" means "past" or "by"#

"$orüberei/en" (to hurry past ) "$orüberfahren" (to drive by)"$orüberf/iegen" (to fly by) "$orübergehen"" (to go by)"$orüber3iehen" (to pass by).

"&orweg-" means "in anticipation," "pre'emptively"#

"$or2egnehmen" (to anticipate; to pre-empt; to forestall )"$or2egsagen" (to say in anticipation) "$or2egschic*en" (to send offin anticipation).

"weg-"

"weg-" means "away"#

"2egb/asen" (to blow away) "2egb/eiben" (to stay away)"2egbringen" (to take away) "et2as 2egden*en" (to imagine that

something is not there) "2egfahren" (to drive off ) "2egfegen" (to sweep away) "2egführen" (to lead off ) "2eggeben" (to give away)"2eggehen" (to go away) "2egagen" (to chase away) "2eg*ommen"(to get away) "2eg*8nnen" (to be able to get away; to be able toleave) "2eg/aufen" (to run away) "2egmüssen" (to have to leave)"2egrumen" (to clear away) "2egsehen" (to look away)"2egstec*en" (to put away; to withstand [a blow]) "2eg2erfen" (tothrow away) "2eg2ischen" (to erase; to wipe away) "2eg3iehen" (tomove away; to pull away).


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9ass the 2ord on no2. nd 'oc*et great 'remiums


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""#u-"

"#u-" means "closed," "to," "towards," "upon"#

"3ubauen" (to block off ) "3ubi//igen" (to grant; to allow) "3ubinden"

(to tie; to tie up) "3ubringen" (to bring$take to) "3udec*en" (to coverup, tuck in) "3udrüc*en" (to press shut ) "3uer*ennen" (to bestow; toconfer [on]) "3ufahren" (to drive$ride towards) "3ufassen" (to grabat ) "3uf/ie:en" (to flow toward ) "3ugeh8ren" (to belong to) "3ugeben"(to admit to; to confess) "3ugreifen" (to take hold; to help oneself [to

something]) "3u*ommen" (to approach) "3u/assen" (to authori!e)"3umachen" (to close) "3unehmen" (to increase; to gain weight )"3u3iehen" (to pull shut ).

"#urecht-"

"#urecht-" conveys the idea of "correct," "proper."

"sich 3urechtfinden" (to find one%s way; to get one%s bearings)"3urecht*ommen mit" (to cope with) "3urecht/egen" (to lay out inreadiness) "3urechtmachen" (to get something] ready)"3urecht2eisen" (to rebuke; to reprimand )

"#ur$c(-""#ur$c(-" means "bac," or "re'"#

"3urüc*b/eiben" (to stay behind ) "3urüc*b/enden" (to flash back[film]) "3urüc*drehen" (to turn back ) "3urüc*erha/ten" (to get back;to be given back ) "3urüc*erobern" (to recapture) "3urüc*führen" (totrace back ) "3urüc*geben" (to give back; to return) "3urüc*müssen"(to go back; to return) "3urüc*gehen" (to have to go back )"3urüc*/ehnen" (to lean back ) "3urüc*sch/agen" (to hit$strike back )

"3urüc*schrec*en" (to shrink back$from; to recoil ) "3urüc*set3en" (toreverse; put back ) "3urüc*2eisen" (to refuse; to send back ).

"#usammen-"

"#usammen-" means "together"#


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"3usammenarbeiten" (to work together ) "3usammenbei:en" (to bitetogether ) "3usammenbauen" (to assemble) "3usammenfassen" (to

summari!e) "3usammenführen" (to bring together )"3usammengeh8ren" (to belong together ) "3usammen*/a''en" (to fold

up, shut ) "3usammen*ommen" (to meet, come together )"3usammen'assen" (to be suited for each other ) "3usammenset3en" (to seat$put together ) "3usammensto:en" (to collide, clash)"3usammen3h/en" (to add up) "3usammen3iehen" (to pull together ).

Separable and Inseparable German Verbs

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