Sentences and Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech Noun-

Pronoun-

Adjective-

Verb-

Adverb-

Preposition-

Conjunction-

Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives

NounsPerson, place, things, (or idea)

◦Common nouns- any person, place, or thing (does not begin with a capital letter) Ex. Poem, country, newspaper, day,

school

◦Proper nouns- a specific person, place, or thing (begins with a capital letter) Ex, “The Road Not Taken”, Italy, The

Charlotte Observer, Friday, Jay M. Robinson

PronounsPronoun- a word used in place of one or

more nouns◦Personal pronouns

First Person: refers to the one speaking I, me, my, we, us, our, mine, ours

Second Person: refers to the one spoken to you, yours, your

Third Person: refers to the person spoken about he, him, his, she, hers, her, it, its, they, them, their, theirs

Other types of pronounsReflexive- refers to the subject

◦ Myself, ourselves, yourself, itself, themselvesDemonstrative- points out a noun

◦ This, that, these, thoseInterrogative- introduces a question

◦ What, which, who, whom, whoseRelative- introduces an adjective clause

◦ That, which, who, whom, whoseIndefinite- refers to a noun that may or may

not be specifically named◦ All, both, each, either, several, some, few,

anyone, none

AdjectiveAdjective: a word used to

modify(describe) a noun or pronoun◦What kind?

Quiet girl, hot coffee, tired dog◦Which one?

Next class, first day, that student◦How much?

Seven dollars, some homework, four hours◦How many?

Several people, many books, thirty students

Let’s practice…Find the nouns in the following sentences. Also, capitalize any proper

nouns.

1. Chinua achebe is a writer from nigeria.

2. The nobel peace prize went to mother teresa for that year.

3. On tuesday, margaret left for a new job in japan.

4. The team won a gold medal in hockey at the olympics.

5. The dark-haired girl is a student visiting from colombia.

6. To play baseball, ellen needs a mitt and some spiked shoes.

7. Our family visited the empire state building in new york city.

Let’s practice…Find the pronouns.

1. My friend Connie is proud of her cocker spaniel, which she herself found at an animal shelter.

2. Usually cocker spaniels grow to about thirteen inches tall, but this is actually a somewhat smaller dog.

3. Which would adapt itself better to city living, a small dog or a big one?

4. Estrella has a malamute that everyone admires.5. Who gave it to her?

Let’s practice…Find the adjectives.

Washington Irving was one of the first American writers who won an international reputation. Even as a young man, he had a whimsical spirit. In his humorous book The Sketch Book, he says he “made many tours of discovery into foreign parts and unknown regions” of his native city. A History of New York, his first book, was popular and successful. His quaint tales of life in the rural valleys near the Hudson River are delightful even today. Most students have heard of “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” These stories contain supernatural events. Irving spent many pleasant years in England and Spain. In Spain he wrote about Moorish legends. When he returned to this country, he built a comfortable house that he called “Sunnyside,” near Tarrytown, New York. He spent the rest of his long life there, devoting himself to literary matters.

Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, and Conjunctions

VerbsVerb- a word used to express action or

state of being◦Infinitive- the most basic form of the verb

to + verb = inifinitive◦Action verbs- express physical or mental activity

Ex. Laugh, play, walk, paint◦Helping Verbs- works with the main verb to

express action or state of being Ex. Be, do, have, can, may, will, should

◦Linking Verbs- connects subject to a word or group of words that identify or describe the subject Ex. Be, appear, seem, remain

AdverbAdverb- modifies (describes) a verb,

adjective, or another adverb◦Where?

Here, nearby◦When?

Then, immediately◦How?

Carefully, slowly◦To what extent? (how much? or how

long?) Extremely, excessively

PrepositionPreposition- shows the relationship of

a noun or pronoun, to another word◦Ex. About, among, aside, below, into,

from, for, up, under, through, in front of, in addition to, before, between, by

Prepositional Phrase- preposition +noun or pronoun+ any modifiers◦To the store, through the big cloud, for

the mean teacher, in addition to the math homework, by the sea

Conjunction…Conjunction- a word used to join

words◦Coordinating and Correlating

And, but, or, nor, so, so, yet, both…and, not only… but also, either…

or

Let’s practice…Identify the verbs.

1. Atlanta is the capital of Georgia.2. It has become an important center for trade and manufacturing.3. The state’s forests are a major source of wealth.4. Lumbering has been an important industry since the early days.5. Cotton remains one of the most valuable farm products in

Georgia.6. Macon is considered a beautiful old city.7. This city is the birthplace of Sidney Lanier.8. Lanier became a well-known poet.9. Carson McCullers was another native of Georgia.10. The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter is one of her most popular novels.

Let’s practice…Identify the adverbs.

1. The temperature of the water at the fish hatchery seldom varies.

2. The water never freezes.3. It comes from unusually large springs.4. It is very clear water.5. Vapor sometimes rises from warm water.6. Yesterday I read an article on the literature of India.7. Ancient Indian writers first produced hymns called Vedas

in about 1500 B.C.8. Indian literature then entered its classical period.9. Writers of this period commonly wrote Sanskrit.10. Writers still use the classical version of Sanskrit.

Let’s practice…Identify the prepositions.1. Humans’ original source of fire was probably lightning.2. A fire started when a tree was struck by lightning.3. Early people probably took coals from this fire and preserved

them in a shelter.4. The shelter was often deep within a cave.5. An attendant may have stayed beside the coals.6. All fires that the tribe needed probably were started by these

coals.7. If the tribe moved, the keeper of the fire may have carried the

coals.8. Sometimes a small fire was kept burning continuously in the

shelter.9. The attendant probably stayed near the fire and kept it going.10. Humans first learned how to make their own fire during the

Stone Age.

Parts of a sentence

SubjectSubject- tells who or what the

sentence is about◦Simple subject- main word that tells

what the sentence is about Team, color, stop, line

◦Complex subject- all the words that tell what the sentence is about Favorite team, ugly color, bus stop, finish

line

PredicatePredicate- tells something about

the subject◦Simple and complex

is reading = is reading a novel will eat = will eat lunch together am = am a happy person

Let’s Practice…Identify the subject and the predicate.

1. Maritza’s favorite things to draw are imaginary creatures.

2. She and her friends spend hours inventing beasts.3. Then they vote for the most imaginative creature among

the group.4. Can you guess Maritza’s favorite fabulous creature?5. It is the legendary monster called the griffin.6. The griffin is a combination of species.7. Having the head, beak, and wings of an eagle and the

body and legs of a lion, the griffin represents strength and vigilance.

8. The griffin originated in the Middle East