Contents10 Modes of Modifiers1Correcting Run-On Sentences1Subjects, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions2To find the subject2To find the verb2To find an adjective2To find an adverb2To find demonstrative pronouns2Diagramming modifiers2Intransitive Verb3Transitive Verb3To find a Direct Object3Object Complement4To find an indirect object5Prepositional Phrases5Participle & Gerund Phrases5Relative Clauses6Prepositional, Participle, Gerund, and Infinitive Phrases6Simple sentences, complements, appositives, and prepositional and verbal phrases6All elements from Practice 1 plus adjective, adverb, and noun clauses6

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10 Modes of ModifiersModifiers can also be classified into these categories:1. Initial dependent clause: Even though I was tired, I went for a walk.2. Initial infinitive phrase: To calm down, I went for a walk.3. Initial adverb: Immediately, I went for a walk.4. Initial participial phrase: Trying to distract myself, I went for a walk.5. Mid-sentence appositive: I, in an effort to calm down, went for a walk.6. Mid-sentence participial phrase: I, trying to distract myself, went for a walk.7. Terminal present participial phrase: I went for a walk, hoping to distract myself.8. Terminal past participial phrase: I went for a walk, soothed by the breeze.9. Terminal resumptive phrase: I went for a walk a walk that did me good.10. Terminal summative phrase: I went for a walk, an activity that calmed me down and distracted me from my troubles.Correcting Run-On Sentences There are five ways to correct fused sentences and commas splices. 1. Add a comma + coordinating conjunction: Dogs are fun, and they like to play. 2. Add a semicolon: Dogs are fun; they like to play. 3. Add a semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and a comma: Dogs are fun; indeed, they like to play. 4. Separate the sentences with a period: Dogs are fun. They like to play. 5. Add a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun: Dogs are fun when they like to play.There are correlative conjunctions, coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctionscoordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.Either/ or: Either she will quit, or she will work longer hours. Neither/ nor: Neither Onley nor Pete knows how to fix the stove. As/ as: The wind is as cold as ice. Such/ that: Such is Gaoyus happiness that he bought all of us dinner. Both/ and: Both Hansel and Gretel ate too many sweets.

Hess, Amy Lynn (2014-01-22). Diagramming Sentences: A Playful Way to Analyze Everyday Language (Kindle Locations 447-455). Gypsy Daughter. Kindle Edition.Subjects, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions

To find the subject We ask who or what is something or is doing something. To find the verb We look for the word or words that show action or a state of being.To find an adjectiveAdjectives tell us what kind? How many? Which one? Whose?To find an adverbAdverbs tell us how? When? Where? To what extent?To find demonstrative pronounsDemonstrative pronouns tell us which one? Which ones? When used as adjectives, these are called pronominal (pronoun) adjectives.1. That pair of jeans is very stiff. 2. He needs to wash these shoes. 3. Those sandals are too expensive.Diagramming modifiersSues little dog walks carefully.

dogwalks

The dog leaps playfullydogleaps

Intransitive VerbAn action verb that does not require an object (a noun or pronoun) to receive the action of the verb1. Dora babysits. 2. The children play, and Dora laughs. 3. Each player plays well.Transitive VerbAn action verb that has an object (a noun or pronoun) receive the action of the verb You can write a sentence with a transitive verb in the active voice, or it can be written in the passive voice. The active voice places emphasis on the subject, the do-er of the action, and the passive voice places emphasis on the object.1. Active voice: a. The babysitter watched the children. Passive voice: b. The children were watched. 2. Active voice: a. The quarterback passed the ball. Passive voice: The ball was passedTo find a Direct Object A direct object receives the action of a transitive verb. - A direct object will always be a pronoun or a noun (or a word or group of words that acts like a noun).to ask What? or Whom? after the verb: Ask "[ Verb] what?" or "[ Verb] whom?"

Object Complement

Unlike an object complement, which will always follow a direct object, an indirect object will always come before the direct object in a sentence. Remember, a sentence must have a direct object in order to have an indirect object.To find an indirect objectTo whom? or For whom? after the verb plus the direct object: Ask "[ Verb] [Direct object] for whom?" or "[ Verb] [Direct object] to whom?" Notice, however, that to or for does not appear in the sentence before the indirect object.

Dad gave mom hugs

TYPES OF SENTENCES - DECLARATIVE, IMPERATIVE, EXCLAMATORY, AND INTERROGATIVEType of sentenceDefinitionExample

DeclarativeDeclarative sentence makes statementsVictoria purchased a video camera

ImperativeImperative sentence makes demands or requestsHand me the instruction manual

ExclamatoryExclamatory statements make important or exciting statementsThe camera is falling!

InterrogativeInterrogative sentences ask questionsDid Victoria catch the camera

Auxiliary verbs

To be verbsTo have verbsTo do verbsModal verb

AmHaveDoShall

IsHasDoesWill

AreHadDidShould

WasWould

WereMay

BeMight

BeingMust

BeenCan

Could

Interrogative sentences

Prepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase is made up of a preposition, the object of the preposition (noun or pronoun), and any words that modify the object of the preposition (adjectives or articles).A prepositional phrase is a phrase that can be used as An adjective to modify a noun or pronoun An adverb to modify the verb, an adjective, or another adverb A nominative, or a noun phraseThe airplane stops at the gate, and the captain helps passengers down the ramp

The best time of day is before dawn.

A squirrel is in the tree. Under the bush, the squirrel eats an apple. After lunch is homework time. Captain Jim is behind the door. Jose is under the weather. My favorite garden is in Savannah. Jack is on top of the roof. She's on the elevator. Alice fell into the puddle. The soup smells like Mom's house.

Predicate Nominatives, Predicate Adjectives And Linking Verbs

Predicate Nominative As stated above, in this chapter we're going to look closely at nouns that follow linking verbs and complement the subjects of their sentences. This special kind of noun is called a predicate noun or a predicate nominative. A predicate nominative is one type of subject complement. Predicate Adjective The second type of subject complement is the predicate adjective. Predicate adjectives also follow linking verbs and complement their subjects. The difference between a predicate adjective and predicate nominative is simply the part of speech: one is an adjective, and the other is a noun. Linking Verbs Although predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives are different parts of speech, they have something in common. Both types of subject complements follow linking verbs. So far we have been diagramming example sentences and practice sentences that contain only action verbs. Now we will learn about the second type of verb, which is the linking verb.

She looks content and sleepy

Participle & Gerund PhrasesExamples of Phrases Prepositional phrase: On the ferry, Sam proposed to Linda. Infinitive phrase: To run near the lake is her favorite activity. Gerund phrase: Running near the lake is her favorite activity. Appositive phrase: Gerald, her favorite student, gave her flowers. Participle phrase: The spot reserved for running is beautiful.A gerund can have its own object, also called a verbal complement. Find the verbal complement by asking What? after the verbal.

An infinitive can function in a sentence as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb: The infinitive can be a subject, object, complement, or modifier. An infinitive can also have a verbal complement.

As shown in the previous table, verbals will function in a sentence as any noun, adjective, or adverb will function. Therefore, a verbal may appear as a subject, in the predicate as a complement or object, as a modifier, or as a verbal phrase with its own verbal complement.

Simple sentences, complements, appositives, and prepositional and verbal phrases

AppositiveAppositive nouns are either restrictive or non-restrictive. A restrictive appositive is essential to the meaning of a sentence. A non-restrictive appositive is extra, or parenthetical information about the preceding noun

ExpletivesWhen a sentence begins with "There," Here, or "It," and a form of the verb to be," the sentence is said to have an expletive

Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences

Cinderella cleaned the oven, and she dug the well

Cinderella was exhausted because she dug the well.

This is the horse that Jason rides.

Relative Clauses

We will now study relative pronouns, pronominal adjectives (pronouns used as adjectives), and the subordinating conjunction.Begin relative clauses, which are dependent clauses that behave like adverbs or adjectives within a sentence. These pronouns connect a clause to its antecedent, the person, place, thing, or idea to which the pronoun refers.