AMIC Securing The Future Megatrends - Focus on energy and automation Roger Horwood| September 2015.
SENSORY INTEGRATION AND SENSORY CIRCUITS COURSE LEADER JANE HORWOOD.
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Transcript of SENSORY INTEGRATION AND SENSORY CIRCUITS COURSE LEADER JANE HORWOOD.
SENSORY INTEGRATION AND SENSORY CIRCUITS
COURSE LEADER JANE HORWOOD
UNDERSTANDING SENSORY PROCESSING
AIMS
TO GAIN A BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF SENSORY PROCESSING
TO RELATE SENSORY PROCESSING TO OURSELVES AND THE CHILDREN WE WORK WITH
TO GAIN IDEAS AND INTERVENTIONSTO UNDERSTAND THE FORMULA OF
SENSORY CIRCUITS AND HOW TO SET ONE UP
THEORY OF SENSORY INTEGRATION
DR JEAN AYRES BRAIN BASED THEORY OF BEHAVIOUR CHILD DEVELOPMENT THE SOMETIMES TRAFFIC JAM AFFECTS US ALL THE WORLD IS A SENSORY PLACE
THE BRAIN AS A SENSORY PROCESSING MACHINE
UNTIL ABOUT 7 YEARS THE BRAIN IS DESCRIBED AS PRIMARILY A SENSORY PROCESSING MACHINE
THE BRAIN SENSES THINGS AND GETS MEANING DIRECTLY FROM SENSATION
A YOUNG CHILD DOESNT HAVE MANY ABSTRACT THOUGHTS/IDEAS ABOUT THINGS HE SENSES THEM AND MOVES IN RELATION TO THE SENSATION
ADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO SENSATION ARE MORE MOTOR THAN MENTAL
FIRST 7 YEARS ALL ABOUT SENSORYMOTOR DEVELOPMENT
HAVING FUN
WHEN THE CHILD EXPERIENCES CHALLENGES TO WHICH HE CAN RESPOND EFFECTIVELY HE HAS FUN!
IT IS PLEASURABLE TO ORGANISE SENSATION WELL AND RESPOND IN WAYS THAT ARE MORE MATURE AND COMPLEX THAN ANYTHING DONE BEFORE
A HUMAN BEING IS DESIGNED TO ENJOY INPUT THAT PROMOTES BRAIN DEVELOPMENT THEREFORE WILL SEEK OUT SENSATIONS THAT HELP ORGANISE THE BRAIN
SENSORY PROCESSING AND A.S.D.
WHEN USING STANDADAISED SI TESTING SCORES SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN CHILDREN WITH DYSPRAXIA
DIFFICULTIES LOCALISING TACTILE STIMULI
KNOWING WHERE THEIR HANDS ARE IF YOU CANT SEE THEM
POOR MOTOR PLANNING
SENSORY PROCESSING AND A.S.D.
OFTEN SMALL WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY WHEN IT ALL COMES TOGETHER
THE BRAIN CAN REGISTER AND FILTER AND DEAL WITH SENSATION ONE DAY BUT NOT THE NEXT
PROCESSING IS INCONSISTENTTHIS IS TO BE EXPECTED
CHILDREN LEARNING AND DEVELOPING THROUGH PLAY
SENSORY SYSTEMS
EXTERNAL SENSATION FROM THE ENVIRONMENT
TACTILEAUDITORYVISUALGUSTATORYOLFACTORY
SENSATION FROM THE BODY
VESTIBULAR SENSEPROPRIOCEPTVE SENSEVISCERAL SENSATION
OUT OF STEP BABIES
ORAL DEFENSIVETACTILE DEFENSIVE CNS CANNOT ORGANISE SENSATION ON
RED ALERTHIGH INVARIENT HEART RATE SLIGHTEST
THING CAN OVERLOADEVERYTHING RELATED TO
SAFETY,DEFENCE,CONTROL,SURVIVE,DEMAND
OUT OF STEP BABIES
AS AN INFANT IF OVERSTIMULATED YOU CAN SCREAM OR SHUT DOWN/FALL ASLEEP
ARE OUR VERY QUIET BABIES PERHAPS IN SHUT DOWN?
ARE OUR IRRATIBLE BABIES THAT DONT SLEEP TELLING US SOMETHING?
THESE ARE WARNING SIGNS ALL IS NOT OK
SENSORY INTEGRATION DYSFUNCTION
SENSORY MODULATION DISORDERSUNDER/OVERRESPONSIVITYSENSORY BASED MOTOR DISORDERSDYSPRAXIA/POSTURAL DISORDERSENSORY DISCRIMINATION DISORDERVISION/HEARING/TOUCH/TAST/SMELL/MOVEMENT/POSITION
REMEMBER
Not every child who is late at reaching milestones or behaves differently from peers has SPD
SPD affects everything in daily life it is all pervading
IS IT SENSORY OR BEHAVIOUR
BEHAVIOURS THAT ARE SENSORY IN ORIGIN ARE STILL BEHAVIOIRS AND TO EXCUSE UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOURS IS A MISTAKE
THE BEHAVIOUR CAN INTERFERE WITH AN INDIVIDUALS ACCEPTANCE AND INTERACTION WITH HIS ENVIRONMNET AND DEPRIVE THEM OF LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES OR PLEASURABLE EXPERIENCES
IS IT SENSORY OR BEHAVIOUR
BEHAVIOURS ARE OFTEN COMPLEX AND HAVE MULTIPLE CAUSES
MOST POSITIVE CHANGE OCCURS WHEN BEHAVIOUR AND SENSORY ISSUES ARE CONSIDERED TOGETHER
INDIVIDUALS OFTEN USE A SIMILAR STRATEGY TO COPE IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS EG IN EVERY OVERWHELMING SITUATION HE CRIES,THEN HITS OUT THEN FLEES!
IS IT SENSORY OR BEHAVIOUR
REMEMBER SENSORY BASED PROBLEMS OCCUR ACROSS MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS/SETTINGS
IF PURELY BEHAVIOURAL STRATEGIES ARE USED WITH SENSORY BASED BEHAVIOURS THEY ARE NOT VERY SUCCESSFUL!
BY TRYING TO LOOK AT THE CONFUSING OR UNUSUAL BEHAVIOURS THROUGH SENSORY GLASSES ORDER CAN BE CREATED AND A PROGRAMME DEVELOPED TO ADDRESS BEHAVIOURS
POSTURAL DISORDER
SENSORY MODULATION DISORDER
SENSORY OVERRESPONSIVITY OR SENSORY DEFENSIVENESS
SENSORY DEFENSIVENESS IS A CONSTELLATION OF SYMPTOMS RELATED TO AVERSIVE OR DEFENSIVE REACTIONS TO NON NOXIOUS STIMULI ACROSS ONE OR MORE SENSORY SYSTEMS
OVERREACTION OF THE NORMAL PROTECTIVE SENSES WITH PATTERNS OF AVOIDANCE,SENSATION SEEKING,FEAR ANXIETY AND AGGRESSION THAT ARE VERY INDIVIDUAL
SENSORY SYMPTOMS OF OVERRESPONSIVITY
BOTHERED BYTEXTURES/MESSY PLAYCERTAIN FOODS/CRUMBS AROUND
MOUTHGROOMING/PERSONAL CARESMELLS/FRAGRANCENOISEBRIGHTLIGHT/SUNSHINEMOVEMENT/BEING UPSIDE DOWN
OVERRESPONSIVE BEHAVIOURS
Aggressive or impulsive when overwhelmed by sensation
Irritable/Fussy/MoodyUnsociable/difficulty forming relationshipsExcessively cautious/afraid to try new thingsUpset by transitions/unexpected changeMonitors the environment constantly vigilantUnderlying anxietyAnticipatory avoidance the thought of
something is enough!
Sensory symptoms of underresponsivity
Doesn`t cry when hurtDoesn`t notice touchDislikes new physical activitiesPrefers sedentary activitiesSlow unmotivated re self help skillsUnaware of what`s going on around himUses vision to operate handsUnaware of hot/cold/hunger
REMEMBER
THE PAIN TEST INDIVIDUAL MAY APPEAR
UNDERAROUSED,UNDERRESPONSIVE BUT IF THEY HAVE A DECREASED PAIN RESPONSE THEN MAY BE SENSORY DEFENSIVE/OVER RESPONSIVE
PAIN IS SUPPRESSED AT HIGH LEVELS OF AROUSAL
Behaviours re sensory underesponsivity
Passive.Quiet.Withdrawn.In own worldApathetic/tires easilySlow to respond to directions/complete workLittle inner drivePoor at social interactions/difficult to engagePoor registration of sensory input e.g.
doesn't react to name being called, oblivious to new people in room
Sensory seeking symptoms
On the move constantlyCrashing/banging/rough playTouches everythingExcessive risks in playExcessive spinning/swinging/rollingStrongly flavoured foodChews/licks non food itemsCant sit still
Sensory seeking behaviour
Angry/explosiveIntense/demanding/hard to calmProne to create dangerous/”bad”
situationsMay be excessively affectionate physicallyOften poor at self regulation with levels of
arousal or attention that are inappropriate to the task/setting
Resting Arousal level often too high
Sensory seeking fun
Sensory postural disorders
Poor muscle toneAppears weak/cant pull/pushPoor balance/falls over/bumps into thingsPoor enduranceSlumps at the table/deskBilateral problems
Sensory postural disorder behaviours
Appear lazyAppear indifferent/unmotivatedAppears weak/limpTired most of the timeCant hold their own in rough and tumble
play
Sensory Discrimination Symptoms
Uses vision to monitor hands/bodyCant judge force and effort required in a
taskHearing what is said against background
noiseFinding way around a
building/environmentsDifferentiating smellsRecognising objects by their shape
Sensory Discrimination Behaviours
Gets lost easily/cant follow directionsDislikes puzzles/visual gamesFrustration in noisy settingsNeeds instruction repeatedNeeds more time to perform a task
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
RECEPTORS IN INNER EARBODY POSITION AND MOVEMENTPOSTURAL TONESTABILISATION OF EYES DURING HEAD MOVEMENTALERTNESS AND SELF REGULATION
VESTIBULAR FUN FOR ALL
VESTIBULAR SYSTEMS
HYPOSENSITIVITY
HYPERSENSITIVITY
SENSORY BASED POSTURAL DISORDER
Vestibular/Movement
Backward head movementHead up side downVisual cliffs e.g. stairsChallenge to balance/centre of gravityMovement through space
Effects of vestibular difficulties
Play and exploration of the environment
Going in transport/buggy/vibration in vehicles
Grooming e.g. hair washingMoving across uneven surfaces up and
down steps and stairs/escalators
POSTURAL
PROPRIOCEPTIVE SYSTEM
PERCEPTION OF JOINT AND BODY MOVEMENT
PERCEPTION OF POSITION OF BODY OR BODY SEGMENTS IN SPACE
RATE AND TIMING OF MOVEMENTFORCE AND EFFORTSPATIAL ORIENTATION OF BODY PARTS
PROPRIOCEPTIVE DYSFUNCTION
BANGERS,CRASHERS,SHAKERS,MOVERSTIGHT CLOTHINGBITES,CHEWSCAN HURT OTHERS GETS IT WRONGCAN BE CLUMSYDIFFICULTY WITH MOTOR SKILLS
CYCLING,JUMPING JACKS SLEEPING,EATING
Proprioceptive difficulties
Weight bearing /difficulties walking on uneven surfaces on steps and stairs
Weight bearing on arms and legs as an infant e.g. crawling, mobilising
Using objects e.g. pushing/pulling lifting, holding on/holding a grip
Chewing certain textures or consistencies
HITTING GIVES ME GOOD PROPRIOCEPTIVE FEEDBACK!
TACTILE SYSTEM
PRIMARY SYSTEM FOR MAKING CONTACT WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD
NOURISHED AND CALMED THROUGH TOUCH
ROOTING REFLEXFIRST SENSORY SYSTEM TO FUNCTION IN
UTEROMENTAL,PHYSICAL,AND EMOTIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
TACTILE SYSTEM
VIBRATIONTOUCH PRESSUREPAINTEMPERATURELIGHT TOUCHTICKLE
TACTILE DYSFUNCTION
NEGATIVE REACTIONS TO TOUCHUPSET IN RAIN,WIND,GNATSBARBER,DENTIST,DOCTORTEETH CLEANING,HAIR BRUSHING,NAILS
CUTTINGCLOTHES PAIN,OVER RESPOND,UNDER
RESPOND,HYPERCHONDRIAC
Tactile difficulties
Being touched by others/affectionGrooming and hygiene tasks including
showers/bathsWearing clothes/changing
clothing/clothing that is tight in certain places or touches certain places
Going barefootEnvironmental exploration/touching
objects/food/grasping
Tactile Difficulties
Decreased pain awareness/hurts self/seeks out intense stimuli/dangerous situations
Over sensitivity even to the possibility of painTooth brushing/dentistEatingMouthing objects/chewing clothingSpeech certain sounds not articulated that
pass air over tongue and lips e.g. mmmmm!
Tactile Difficulties
TemperatureEasily bothered by heat or coldOver dress or under dress for the
temperatureOblivious to heat or coldTemperature of food
SOCKS AND CLOTHES
SOUND
SOUNDS CAN SOMETIMES BE NEAR AND THEN FAR AWAY
FREQUENCIES OF SOUNDPERSEVERATION OF SOUND IN THE HEADMAKING YOUR OWN NOISELANGUAGE IS NOT MEANINGFUL
Auditory processing difficulties
Social interaction/sounds of some voicesVigilant to ambient noise/strong indicator
of sensory defensivenessSounds in the environment are noxious Affects environmental access and
exploration
VISION
COLOURPATTERNFLUORESCENT/BRIGHT LIGHTSEEING PART BUT NOT THE WHOLEVISUAL DISTORTIONS/VISUAL FIXATIONS
Visual processing difficulties
Movement in ambient visual field/strong indicator of sensory defensiveness
Visual cliffs i.e. stairsMovement towards faceEye contactComplex visual background/busy school
settings/super markets etc
Olfactory difficulties
Sharp odours are bothersome e.g. shampoos/perfumes
Chemical odours e.g. cleaning products/laundry products
Food smellsAll can effect environmental access and
exploration
Gustatory Difficulties
Picky about tasteSharp tastes e.g. toothpaste a problemSeeks intense taste such as spicy or sour
foods or non foodsCan affect what is eaten in the diet
Multi sensory processing difficulties
Can affect emotional stabilityAbility to self regulateSleeping and getting to sleepNew situations/places and people may be
avoidedAll depends on the intensity
/novelty/unpredictability/unexpected/nature of the stimuli
Sensory diets
A sensory diet is a strategy for developing an individual programme that is practical, carefully scheduled,predictable,consistent and based on the concept that controlled sensory input can affect functional abilities
Aims of a sensory diet
To reduce or eliminate sensory defensiveness
To promote the right levels of arousal, self regulation and behavioural organisation
Careful planning is criticalActivities should be incorporated into daily
lifeActivities should be based on the
individuals preferences if possible
Sensory diet plan
Activities should includeActivities to be engaged in at specific
times of the daySuggestions for changes in
routines/interactions/environment and leisure activities
Sensory diet activities
The most powerful and long lasting activities include movement/deep pressure/joint compression and heavy muscle work
Sensory motor activity must be repeated throughout the day to help the individual maintain an optimal level of organisation
Sensory diet activity ideas
Movement e.g. swinging,jumping,walking,running etc
Rhythmic movement can be calming especially linear movement
Fast changeable movement can be alerting
Rotational movement needs careful monitoring
Vestibular input can last 2-6 hrs
Sensory diet activity ideas
Deep pressure inputJoint compressionHeavy muscle workActivities that involve
pushing,pulling,carrying,lifting and tugging
Muscles working against resistance e.g. in weight training
Sensory diet activity ideas
Oral motor/sucking,blowing,biting,chewing and breathing activities
Auditory input/music and background soundsNeutral warmth/warmth that just maintains
body temperature without being too hot or cold
Olfactory/use of scents to affect arousal levelsTaste/sweet/sour/bitter and flavours all affect
arousal levels
Adaption's and changes to routines
Develop consistent routines for daily activities e.g. wake up ,meal times. Be aware of the sensory qualities of daily events
Increase the predictability of schedule and routine.
Prepare for upcoming events or transitions
Accommodation of interactions
Modify voice volume, voice tone, speed of speech
Avoid light and unexpected touch Use firm touch Do hug Don't tickle
Move or pick up children slowly and smoothly
Be predictable in interactions Reduce the demand for eye contact Watch out for perfumes and other scents
SYNAESTHESIA
WHEN A PARTICULAR SENSORY SENSATION IS EXPERIENCED AS A DIFFERENT ONE
TASTE IS SENSED AS SHAPE/COLOUR,NUMBERS
COLD CAN FEEL WETEMOTIONS CAN BE COLOURS
SENSATIONAL SECRETS
A ATTENTIONS SENSATIONE EMOTIONAL REGULATIONC CULTURER RELATIONSHIPSE ENVIRONMENTT TASKS
A sensational secret
Attention/Sensation/Emotional regulation influence the individual internally
Culture/relationships/environment and tasks contextual elements that influence the individual externally
COMBINATION DISORDERS
YOU CAN BE SENSORY OVERRESPONSIVE/UNDERRESPONSIVE AND SENSORY SEEKING
SPD/ADHD ConnectionSPD/ASD ConnectionSPD /ANXIETY Disorders/the sensory
problems feed the anxiety and the anxiety feeds the sensory problems
INTERVENTION METHODS
SI Therapy uses play to present children with demanding but achievable goals that require the child to make an adaptive response
Adaptive response is an action beyond the limit of what comes automatically/easily but the child can get there with the right support
Sensory interventions
The SI approach looks at underlying deficits e.g. the child has poor handwriting Movement and proprioceptive input allows handwriting to progress
Sensory interventions are not a reward for good behaviour
Sensory interventions allow the brain and the body to be ready
SENSORY CIRCUITS
WHAT ARE SENSORY CIRCUITSHOW DID THEY EVOLVEWHO CAN BENEFITEVIDENCE BASED PRACTICEHOW DO THEY EFFECT SENSORY
INTEGRATION AND SENSORY MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
SENSORY CIRCUITS
THE FORMULAALERTINGORGANISINGCALMING
THE RIGHT AND WRONG ORDER!
EQUIPMENT RESOURCES
TRAMPETTES EXERCISE BALLS FINDING THE CORRECT
SIZESKIPPING ROPES,HOOPS,P.E EQUIPMENTPILATES EQUIPMENTBALANCE ACTIVITIES
SENSORY CIRCUIT STRUCTURE
TIMINGHOW MANY STATIONS?SYMBOLS/VISUALSMUSICHOW MANY TIMES A DAY?
SENSORY CIRCUIT PAPERWORK
LETTER TO PARENTSTARGET SETTING PHYSICAL/SENSORYCHILDREN`S FEEDBACKCIRCUIT CERTIFICATESREVIEW AT LEAST TERMLYCONTROL WEEKVIDEO
SENSORY CIRCUITS
THE BEST CIRCUITS ARE WHEN THE STAFF ARE ACTIVELY INVOLVED
IMPORTANCE OF CIRCUITS WITHIN THE SCHOOL
INVITE PARENTSSTAFF MEETINGSTAFF ROTA TO WATCH
THE END