Sensory Cranial Nerves

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves Special Sense Nerves

I,II,VIII Somatic Motor Nerves

Eye—III,IV,VITongue--XII

“Rest of body” nervesIX,X,XI

Face and jawsVII, V

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

Nerve “targets” in head SENSORYSpecial GeneralSmell skinVision teethHearing eye

tongueoral cavitynasal cavitymiddle earthroatmeninges

MOTORMuscles Glandseyes salivary

extrinsic sweatintrinsic lacrimal

jaws mucousfacial expressionlarynxtonguethroatear

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

Base of the skull—cranial nerves out Ethmoid (olfactory)

I. Olfactory Sphenoid (optic)

II. OpticIII. OculomotorIV. TrochlearVI. Abducens

Temporal (otic)VII. Acoustic/Auditory/

Vestibulocochlear Face/Jaws

V. TrigeminalVII. Facial

Throat (rest of body)IX GlossopharyngealX. VagusXI. Spinal AccessoryXII. Hypoglosal

Cranial nerves

Cranial nerves

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

Special Sense Nerves

Internal auditory meatus (temporal)

Inner earVIII. Auditory

Optic canal (sphenoid)

RetinaII. Optic

Cribiform plate (ethmoid)

Olfactory epithelium

I. Olfactory

EXIT FROM CRANIAL CAVITY

TARGETNERVE

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

Somatic Motor Nerves(eye muscles and tongue)

EXIT CR. CAVITYTARGETNERVE

Hypoglossal canal

(occipital)

Intrinsic, extrinsic mm. of tongue

XII. Hypoglossal

“•Sup.,med.,inf.rectus• Inferior Oblique•Levator palpebrae superioris

III. Oculomotor(Also parasympathetic to ciliary mm, constrictor pupillae)

“Lateral rectusVI. Abducens

Sup. Orbital fissure (sphenoid)

Superior oblique m. (with trochlea)

IV. Trochlear

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

“Rest of body” nerves(all exit from jugular foramen)

NERVE TARGET

X: Vagus Somatic motor to larynx/pharynx Parasympathetic to most of gut Taste to back posterior pharynx

XI: (Spinal) Accesory

Motor to traps, sternocleidomastoid

IX: Glosso-pharyngeal

Sensory to carotid body/sinus Taste to posterior tongue Sensory to ear opening/middle

ear Parotid salivary gland

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves I: Olfactory II: Optic III: Oculomotor IV: Trochlear V: Trigeminal VI: Abducens

VII: Facial VIII:Vestibulocochlear

Acoustic IX:

Glossopharyngeal X: Vagus XI: Accessory XII: Hypoglossal

http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/cranial.htm

Mnemonic On Old Olympus’ Tower Top A

Fin And German Viewed A Hop

MNEMONIC OLFACTORY OPTIC OCULOMOTOR TROCHLEAR TRIGEMINAL ABDUCENS FACIAL VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL VAGUS ACCESSORY HYPOGLOSSAL

OH ONCE ONE TAKES THE ANATOMY FINAL VERY GOOD VACATION A-HEAD

SENSORY NERVES

Cranial nerve I OlfactoryCranial nerve II Optic

Cranial nerve VIII Acoustovestibular

Gertz 1991

CN I: OLFACTORY Cranial nerve I Function:

smell Clinical test for

damage: determine

whether a person can smell something aromatic

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

M&M, Table 14.3

CN II: OPTIC Cranial nerve II Function:

vision Clinical test for

damage: tests peripheral

vision and visual acuity

Effects of damage: blindness in part or

all of the visual field

CN VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

Cranial Nerve VIII Function: hearing and equilibrium Clinical tests: test hearing, balance,

and ability to walk a straight line Effects of damage: deafness,

dizziness, nausea, loss of balance, and nystagmus

AUDITORY SYSTEM Outer and Middle ear amplify sound Inner ear

Cochlea Hair cells

Acoustovestibular nerve Dorsal and Ventral Cochlear nuclei

Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus Medial geniculate nucleus

Superior Temporal Cortex Brodmann areas 41 and 42

England and Wakely 1991

England and Wakely 1991

England and Wakely 1991

Gertz 1991

VISUAL SYSTEM

The eyeball focuses light which stimulates the retina.

These signals are transmitted via the optic nerve, chiasm and tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus.

Nervous impulses then travel via the optic radiations to terminate in the primary visual (calcarine) cortex.

www.visionsofjoy.org

England and Wakely 1991

Gertz 1991

Gertz 1991

OLFACTORY SYSTEM

Sensory receptors in the nasal mucosa are stimulated by odors.

These stimuli are detected by the olfactory bulb.

Nervous impulses then travel through the olfactory tract to terminate in the anterior perforated substance.

There are intimate connections with the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and other parts of the limbic system.

www.colorado.edu

Gertz 1991

Gertz 1991

Gertz 1991