Sense transfer in Sense transfer in communication as a communication as a

language world image language world image formation factorformation factor

ProfessorProfessor

Alla BelousovaAlla Belousova

Problem Problem ««world imageworld image»»

This notion was introduced into the This notion was introduced into the national psychology by A.N. Leontiev at national psychology by A.N. Leontiev at the seventies and later was developed the seventies and later was developed in the studies of in the studies of

A.A Gostev, F.E. Vasiluk, V.F. Petrenko, A.A Gostev, F.E. Vasiluk, V.F. Petrenko, V.V. Petukhov, S.D. Smirnov and others.V.V. Petukhov, S.D. Smirnov and others.

S.D. Smirnov is practically the first to S.D. Smirnov is practically the first to approach the world image structure approach the world image structure (1985) by singling out kernel and (1985) by singling out kernel and surface layers. surface layers.

Structure Structure ««world imageworld image»»

E.J. Artemeva (1999), J.K. Strelkov (2004), E.J. Artemeva (1999), J.K. Strelkov (2004), V.P. Serkin (2004) consider: 1) perceptive, V.P. Serkin (2004) consider: 1) perceptive, modal world; 2) world image as the modal world; 2) world image as the semantic world; 3) world image as the semantic world; 3) world image as the immodal world, containing kernel structures.immodal world, containing kernel structures.

O.E. Baksansky and E.N. Kutcher (2000) O.E. Baksansky and E.N. Kutcher (2000) consider the world image as a set of consider the world image as a set of cognitive representations, as a structure cognitive representations, as a structure that assimilates all the cognitive that assimilates all the cognitive achievements of the person during one’s achievements of the person during one’s interaction with the environment.interaction with the environment.

Structure Structure ««world imageworld image»»

V.E. Klochko (2000) discloses the world V.E. Klochko (2000) discloses the world image notion, considering it through the image notion, considering it through the correlation to the objective, substantial, correlation to the objective, substantial, concrete bearer that is the person’s world.concrete bearer that is the person’s world.

The multidimensional person’s world The multidimensional person’s world formation is the person’s acquisition of the formation is the person’s acquisition of the existing world dimensionsexisting world dimensions

As the dimensions act the meanings, As the dimensions act the meanings, senses, values (characterizing the fifth, senses, values (characterizing the fifth, sixth, seventh dimensions), and their sixth, seventh dimensions), and their cognition is one of the most important cognition is one of the most important person’s cognitive tasks. person’s cognitive tasks.

Peculiarities of the world image as reflection of a Peculiarities of the world image as reflection of a national world imagenational world image

In the studies of G.D. Gachev (1993), S.V. In the studies of G.D. Gachev (1993), S.V. Lurie (1997,2003), V.G. Panov (1992), V.G. Lurie (1997,2003), V.G. Panov (1992), V.G. Stolin, A.P. Naminach (1988), V.I. Pishchik Stolin, A.P. Naminach (1988), V.I. Pishchik (2007), etc. it is shown that the world (2007), etc. it is shown that the world picture expresses inside outlook peculiar to picture expresses inside outlook peculiar to this nation.this nation.

Another aspect of this problem, advocates Another aspect of this problem, advocates the study of language world picture, which the study of language world picture, which bears the characteristics and specificity of bears the characteristics and specificity of the culture and the consciousness of the the culture and the consciousness of the ethnicity.ethnicity.

Changes in the linguistic world pictureChanges in the linguistic world picture

In connection with the understanding In connection with the understanding language world picture as the primary, language world picture as the primary, relatively stable part of the world image, relatively stable part of the world image, owned by the subject, structured by the owned by the subject, structured by the meanings, there is the problem of formation, meanings, there is the problem of formation, transformation and development of the transformation and development of the meanings. Namely, how the change in the meanings. Namely, how the change in the language world picture happens.language world picture happens.

There is a sufficiently large stratum of works There is a sufficiently large stratum of works (E.L. Dotsenko, V.I. Cabrini, A.A. Leontev, A.U. (E.L. Dotsenko, V.I. Cabrini, A.A. Leontev, A.U. Harash, etc.), which shows that during the Harash, etc.), which shows that during the communication changes the meanings, senses communication changes the meanings, senses of the recipients, which, for the most part, of the recipients, which, for the most part, regarded as the directed impact on the regarded as the directed impact on the communication partner.communication partner.

Sense transferSense transfer

A.N. Leontiev was one of the first to A.N. Leontiev was one of the first to talk about the sense transfer, talk about the sense transfer, describing the problems of this kind in describing the problems of this kind in the general consciousness structure.the general consciousness structure.

. . The problem of the transfer of the The problem of the transfer of the senses is also addressed in the works senses is also addressed in the works of E.Y. Artemieva (1999). D.A. Leontiev of E.Y. Artemieva (1999). D.A. Leontiev treats it as the broadcasting of the treats it as the broadcasting of the sensessenses

Sense transferSense transfer

E.U. Artemieva regards the process E.U. Artemieva regards the process of studying as “sense transfer, which of studying as “sense transfer, which provides an opportunity to build new provides an opportunity to build new senses not in the practical activity, but senses not in the practical activity, but in acquiring them”, as a result of which in acquiring them”, as a result of which individual sense systems are individual sense systems are integrated into others’ subjective integrated into others’ subjective world, change and rebuild it. world, change and rebuild it.

Sense transferSense transfer

A.A.Leontiev believes that a language is a A.A.Leontiev believes that a language is a medium of a human’s dialogue with the world medium of a human’s dialogue with the world and with a human, i.e. the world image that is and with a human, i.e. the world image that is being formed in a human’s mind is being formed in a human’s mind is опоопосредован языкомсредован языкомby the language and by the language and the speech activity of the human. the speech activity of the human.

One of the ways of speech influence, One of the ways of speech influence, according to according to А.А. А.А. Leontiev, is the influence Leontiev, is the influence through persuasion, the success of which is through persuasion, the success of which is “connected with modeling by the subject of “connected with modeling by the subject of communication of the sense field of the communication of the sense field of the recipient. recipient.

Sense transferSense transfer

D.A.Leontiev developed a classification of the D.A.Leontiev developed a classification of the forms of sensetechnical influence according to forms of sensetechnical influence according to 4 parameters: 4 parameters:

1.1.Sensedynamic processSensedynamic process

2.2.Level of direction towards a definite Level of direction towards a definite desirable effectdesirable effect

3.3.Scale of influenceScale of influence

4.4.Direction towards oneself or othersDirection towards oneself or others

This allowed him to single out sixteen This allowed him to single out sixteen variants of sense technical influences. variants of sense technical influences.

Sense transferSense transfer

Studying interpersonal relations, Studying interpersonal relations, E.L.Dotsenko speaks about the formation of E.L.Dotsenko speaks about the formation of a common sense, or semantic, field during a common sense, or semantic, field during the communication, a filed of divided the communication, a filed of divided notions, connected senses. notions, connected senses.

This process takes place due to the This process takes place due to the resonance of the partners, who find a resonance of the partners, who find a similarity, concurrence in sense field and similarity, concurrence in sense field and add to the common sense field. add to the common sense field.

Fields of studies of sense transferFields of studies of sense transfer

There is a sufficiently large stratum of works in There is a sufficiently large stratum of works in Russian psychology, dedicated to the process of Russian psychology, dedicated to the process of sense transfer:sense transfer:

psycholinguistics (I.A.Zimnyaya, I.N.Gorelov, psycholinguistics (I.A.Zimnyaya, I.N.Gorelov, A.A.Leontiev);A.A.Leontiev);

psychosemantics (E.U.Artemieva, I.B.Hanina, psychosemantics (E.U.Artemieva, I.B.Hanina, E.L.Dotsenko;E.L.Dotsenko;

social psychology social psychology ((A.U.Harash)A.U.Harash);; pedagogical psychology (I.V.Abakumova, pedagogical psychology (I.V.Abakumova,

A.A.Leontiev, M.A.Lukjanenko, S.S.Kusznko)A.A.Leontiev, M.A.Lukjanenko, S.S.Kusznko);; general psychology general psychology ((D.A.Leontiev, V.E.Klochko, D.A.Leontiev, V.E.Klochko,

A.K.Belousova, S.M.Dzhakupov and others).A.K.Belousova, S.M.Dzhakupov and others).

Structure of consciousness and image of the Structure of consciousness and image of the world (V. Klochko)world (V. Klochko)

According to the main ideas of V. According to the main ideas of V. Klochko, who develops the basic points Klochko, who develops the basic points of L. Vygotsky’s, A. Leontiev’s, S. of L. Vygotsky’s, A. Leontiev’s, S. Smirnov’s theory of consciousness, in Smirnov’s theory of consciousness, in the structure of consciousness there the structure of consciousness there are singled out object, sense and value are singled out object, sense and value layerslayers

In this case the interaction with the partner, In this case the interaction with the partner, directed into the world and into the other person, directed into the world and into the other person,

can take place on different level of the participants’ can take place on different level of the participants’ correspondence: correspondence:

1) 1) On the level of the categorization of the world On the level of the categorization of the world and defining of objects in meanings, which leads and defining of objects in meanings, which leads to the formation of a common area of object to the formation of a common area of object world as a basis of forming a common area of world as a basis of forming a common area of object consciousness of the participants; object consciousness of the participants;

2) 2) On the level of projection of one’s needs on an On the level of projection of one’s needs on an object, which bears similar, joint, common areas object, which bears similar, joint, common areas of sense consciousness of the participants; of sense consciousness of the participants;

3) 3) On the level of projection of one’s possibilities On the level of projection of one’s possibilities onto the world, which leads to the formation of onto the world, which leads to the formation of similar, joint, common areas of value similar, joint, common areas of value consciousnessconsciousness. .

Sense transfer – a system-forming Sense transfer – a system-forming mechanismmechanism

We suppose that the meanings, senses and We suppose that the meanings, senses and values that a person transfers during values that a person transfers during communication, blend into the image of the world, communication, blend into the image of the world, into the picture of the world of the other person. into the picture of the world of the other person.

Thus, the sense transfer acts as the central Thus, the sense transfer acts as the central mechanism of forming individual and common mechanism of forming individual and common areas of the image of the world and the linguistic areas of the image of the world and the linguistic picture of the world. picture of the world.

The sense transfer acts as a system-forming The sense transfer acts as a system-forming mechanism, which conditions the settling of mechanism, which conditions the settling of systematic common, joint new formations in the systematic common, joint new formations in the linguistic picture of the world of the participants, as linguistic picture of the world of the participants, as the result of communication and the possibility of the result of communication and the possibility of communication of the subjects. communication of the subjects.

Strategies of sense transferStrategies of sense transfer

It is known that senses are transferred by speech It is known that senses are transferred by speech (verbally) and by non-verbal media (A. Belousova, I. (verbally) and by non-verbal media (A. Belousova, I. Gorelov, S. Dzhakupov, I. Zimnyaya, V. Klochko, A. Gorelov, S. Dzhakupov, I. Zimnyaya, V. Klochko, A. Leontiev, D. Leontiev and others). All that was said Leontiev, D. Leontiev and others). All that was said above allows us to suppose that during the above allows us to suppose that during the communication when they transfer meaning and communication when they transfer meaning and meaningfulness of certain objects (material and meaningfulness of certain objects (material and ideal, like, for example, values) people can use ideal, like, for example, values) people can use different ration of verbal and non-verbal media of different ration of verbal and non-verbal media of communication. communication.

The ratio of verbal and non-verbal media of The ratio of verbal and non-verbal media of communication in the process of initiative influence communication in the process of initiative influence on the other person can also act as a certain on the other person can also act as a certain medium of sense transferring, i.e. the strategy of medium of sense transferring, i.e. the strategy of sense transfer. sense transfer.

Empirical studyEmpirical study

The respondent’s task was to transfer The respondent’s task was to transfer verbally (by text) and non-verbally the sense verbally (by text) and non-verbally the sense of a personal value to the audience. The of a personal value to the audience. The video recording allowed to trace the video recording allowed to trace the peculiarities of verbal and non-verbal peculiarities of verbal and non-verbal activity of the subjects. activity of the subjects.

The processing of the results was done by The processing of the results was done by expert methods, when the experts analyzed expert methods, when the experts analyzed the texts by the parameters, which were the texts by the parameters, which were suggested by N. Valgina (N. Valgina, 2003): suggested by N. Valgina (N. Valgina, 2003): logicality; coherence and wholeness; logicality; coherence and wholeness; clearness, intelligibility; exactness; clearness, intelligibility; exactness; simplicity; correctness of the speech. simplicity; correctness of the speech.

««PassivePassive» » strategy of sense strategy of sense transfertransferии

6, 6% of the students made up this group. For them an 6, 6% of the students made up this group. For them an even ratio of verbal and non-verbal activity was marked, the even ratio of verbal and non-verbal activity was marked, the level of intensity was low.level of intensity was low.

0,25

1,75

3,253,75

9,25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

Логичность

Связность

Точность

Понятность

Культура

««SteadySteady» » strategy of sense strategy of sense transfertransfer

31% of the participants made up this group. For them an 31% of the participants made up this group. For them an even ratio of verbal and non-verbal activity was marked, the even ratio of verbal and non-verbal activity was marked, the level of intensity was middle.level of intensity was middle.

2,31

4,15

5,73 5,84

8,1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

Логичность

Связность

Точность

Понятность

Культура

««ActiveActive» » strategy of sense strategy of sense transfertransfer

6, 6% of the students made up this group6, 6% of the students made up this group. . The level of verbal The level of verbal activity was 7,8-9 points, which is a high level. activity was 7,8-9 points, which is a high level.

8,25 8,25 8,25

8

8,75

7,6

7,8

8

8,2

8,4

8,6

8,8

1

Логичность

Связность

Точность

Понятность

Культура

««CautiousCautious» » strategy of sense strategy of sense transfertransfer

8,1 % 8,1 % of the students made up this group. The low level of of the students made up this group. The low level of verbal activity was typical of these students and it was 1,2 – 4. verbal activity was typical of these students and it was 1,2 – 4.

0,4

1

2

4,8

6,8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Логичность

Связность

Точность

Понятность

Культура

««EmotionalEmotional» » strategy of sense strategy of sense transfertransfer

The number of students with this strategy was 34,4%The number of students with this strategy was 34,4%The subjects from this group had 4,2-6,8 points in the level of The subjects from this group had 4,2-6,8 points in the level of

verbal activity in the process of sense transferring. verbal activity in the process of sense transferring.

2,57

3,95

5,66

6,28

8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Логичность

Связность

Точность

Понятность

Культура

««RationalRational» » strategy of sense strategy of sense transfertransfer

13,1% 13,1% participants made up this group.participants made up this group.The respondents from this group had 6,8-7,8 points in the The respondents from this group had 6,8-7,8 points in the

level of verbal activity, which is high. level of verbal activity, which is high.

5,85

6,71

7,717,42

8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Логичность

Связность

Точность

Понятность

Культура

Conclusions:Conclusions:

1.1. For all strategies of sense transferring the highest For all strategies of sense transferring the highest meanings of the characteristics of verbal activity meanings of the characteristics of verbal activity belong to the culture of speech, clearness, belong to the culture of speech, clearness, exactness, the lowest – to the logicality of the exactness, the lowest – to the logicality of the speech. speech.

2.2. The highest meanings of clearness, exactness, The highest meanings of clearness, exactness, logicality and coherence of speech are seen in the logicality and coherence of speech are seen in the third (“active”) and the sixth (“rational”) strategies third (“active”) and the sixth (“rational”) strategies of sense transfer, for which a high level of verbal of sense transfer, for which a high level of verbal activity is typical. activity is typical.

3.3. The lowest meanings of clearness, exactness, The lowest meanings of clearness, exactness, logicality and coherence of speech are seen in the logicality and coherence of speech are seen in the first (“passive”) and the fourth (“cautious”) first (“passive”) and the fourth (“cautious”) strategies of sense transfer, for which a low level of strategies of sense transfer, for which a low level of verbal activity is typical.verbal activity is typical.

Thank you for the Thank you for the attentionattention