In the World

Spanish:The Third-Most Spoken Language

Señora Brooks, profesora

SPANISH = CASTILIAN

Español = Castellano? 1, 2, 3

Officially a Language:

In the United Nations, European Union,

Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American

States, Union of South American Nations,

North American Free Trade Agreement,

Andean Community of Nations, Mercosur, Caricom,

Latin Union, Antarctic Treaty.

? 4

Oh, and also in:Europe

  Spain – Madrid

Africa   Equatorial Guinea – Malabo

North America   Mexico - Mexico City

Central America   Guatemala - Guatemala City    Honduras - Tegucigalpa   El Salvador - San Salvador   Nicaragua - Managua   Costa Rica - San José   Panama - Panama City

Caribbean   Cuba - Havana   Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo   Puerto Rico - San Juan

South America   Venezuela - Caracas   Colombia - Bogotá   Ecuador - Quito   Peru - Lima   Bolivia - 2 Capitals     La Paz (Administrative)     Sucre (Constitutional)   Paraguay - Asunción   Chile - Santiago   Argentina - Buenos Aires   Uruguay - Montevideo

? 4

Where is Spanish spoken?

? 5

Third-most spoken language, huh.Just how many people in the world speak it?

358,000,000 as a first language

500 million currently (counting second language speakers)

That’s 78.4 INDIANAS!!!

? 6, 7, 8

Language TreeIndo-European Italic

Romance Italo-Western

Gallo-Iberian Ibero-Romance

West Iberian

Spanish, Castilian

? 9

Spanish uses the Latin AlphabetWith a Few Twists

There are three digraphs: ‹ch› (che), ‹ll› (elle / doble ele) and ‹rr› (doble erre) ? 10

VOCAB TIME!!!

Hello = Hola

Good-bye = Adios

Please = Por favor

Thank you = Gracias

? 11

English words that are from Spanish*Alligator from el lagarto, "the lizard“

* Armadillo from armadillo, "little armored one" *Cafeteria from cafetería, "coffee store" *Caldera (used in geology) from Spanish caldera, "=cauldron" *Cilantro from Spanish cilantro, "coriander" *Desperado from Spanish desesperado, desperate *El Dorado from El Dorado, literally, "the golden one" *Florida from La Florida, the flowery or plant-filled place *lariat from la reata, = the strap, rein, or rope*lasso from Spanish lazo *loco from loco, =mad, crazy *Montana from montaña, a mountain from *Mosquito, literally "little fly"

? 16

*nacho from Nacho, a nickname for the given name Ignacio, inventor of the snack *Nevada from Nevada literally "snowy“*patio from patio, inner courtyard*plaza from plaza, ="public square, spot or place" *Pronto from Spanish "immediately" *Quesadilla from quesadilla, diminutive of "queso" = cheese.*Ranch from rancho, a hut*Rodeo from rodeo and verb rodear (to round up) *sombrero from sombrero (literally, shade maker), ="hat“*tortilla from tortilla, "little torta" = cake. Currently means "omelet" in Spain; in Spanish America = small cake of either corn meal or wheat flour *vigilante from Spanish vigilante, meaning watchman

And, . . .

? 16

Where did Spanish start?

Home Sweet Home

We know Spain speaks Spanish.What about other languages?

Aranese, Basque, Catalan/Valencian

and Galician are spoken in Spain.

? 12 a, b, c

Basque is not from the same language branch. In fact, it has

its OWN branch! It is the last remaining pre-Indo-European language in Western Europe. It’s branch is called: Basque

(isolate)

Aranese, Catalan/Vanencian and Galician are all Indo-European like

Spanish is.

The Basque Regionincludes a part of Spainand north intoFrance

N

A Very Short Look at Spain’s History

The Alpha and the Omega:Pelayo of Asturias and King

Juan Carlos I

? 13

1492 brought the final resolution to Spain’s occupation by the Moors and unified Spain. ? 13

The Catholic Church, on authority from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, led in the final unification of Spain by fighting the Muslims (Moors). Granada was the last battle.

? 13

December 27, 1978 saw Spain’s current constitution become law. Don Juan Carlos I is noted as King of Spain.

? 13

constitutional monarchy

President of the Government

(Prime Minister equivalent) Jose

Luis Rodriguez ZAPATERO

(since April 17, 2004)

King JUAN CARLOS I( since November 22 , 1975)

? 13

Ah, Spain!What makes Spain, Spain?

Spanish culture has its origins in the Iberian, Celtiberian, Latin, Visigoth, Roman Catholic, and

Islamic cultures.

Let’s take a look . . .

? 14

Iberian: the people living in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula

Iberian knight of Moixent, in the Valencian Community

“Iberian” is a blanket term for a number of peoples belonging to a pre-Roman Iron Age culture . The Iberian language, like the rest of paleohispanic languages, became extinct by the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, after being gradually replaced by Latin. Iberian seems to be a language isolate. It is certainly not an Indo-European language.

? 14

Celtiberian Influence

• The Celtiberians were Celtic-speaking people of the Iberian Peninsula in the final centuries BC. The group originated when Celts migrated from Gaul and integrated with the local pre-Indo-European populations, in particular the Iberians.

• The cultural stronghold of Celtiberians was the northern area of the central meseta in the upper valleys of the Tagus and Douro east to the Iberus (Ebro) river, in the modern provinces of Soria, Guadalajara, Zaragoza and Teruel.

? 14

Latin Influence

• Spanish evolved from “daily use” Latin (not the stuff in books) introduced to the Iberian Peninsula by Romans during the Second Punic War around 210 BC.

• Architecture, such as this aqueduct, show Roman influence, too. Segovia,

Spain

? 14

Visigoth: one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe

• Of what remains of the Visigoths in Spain, there are several churches and an increasing number of archaeological finds. The Visigoths were the only people to establish new cities in western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire and before the rise of the Carolingians.

A votive crown belonging to Recceswinth (653–672), as found in the treasure of Guarrazar, Spain.

? 14

Roman Catholic Influence

• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain formed an inquisition in 1480, originally to deal with distrusted converts from Judaism and Islam to Catholicism. Over a 350-year period, this Spanish Inquisition executed between 3,000 and 4,000 people, representing around two percent of those accused.

• Roman Catholicism has long been the main religion of Spain, though it no longer has official status. According to a July 2009 study by the Spanish Center of Sociological Research about 76% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics.

? 14

Islamic Influence• The Islamic

civilization was one of the most advanced in the world during the Middle Ages, but was surpassed by Europe with the economic and military growth of the West. By 1492, Spain saw the last of the Moors, or Muslims.

• Islam is the religion articulated by the Qur’an, a religious book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of the single incomparable God (Arabic: Allāh), and by the Prophet of Islam Muhammad's demonstrations and real-life examples. Islam literally means submission to God. An adherent of Islam is a Muslim, meaning "one who submits (to God)".

? 14

Influence, Shimfluence!What about life in Spain?

Literature

El Cid - The legendary hero of the Re-conquista El Cid (1045-1099), also called El Cid Campeador, is the name commonly used for the important Castilian knight and hero, Rodrigo (or Ruy) Diaz de Vivar, who was born in Bivar (Vivar). He battled the Moriscos (Spanish for Moors or Muslims)

? 14

The Celestina is a book published anonymously by Fernando de Rojas, about whom we know little, in 1499. This book is considered to be one of the greatest in Spanish literature, and traditionally marks the end of medieval literature and the beginning of the literary renaissance in Spain.

? 14

Published by Miguel de Cervantes in two volumes a decade apart, Don Quixote is the most influential work of literature to emerge from the Spanish Golden Age and perhaps the entire Spanish literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature, it regularly appears at or near the top of lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published.

Optical Illusion Image Gallery - Don Quixote / WindmillOctavio Ocampo

? 14

Of course, Spaniards read other books, too!

? 14

Art

? 14

Spain's greatest painters during the Golden age period included El Greco, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Diego Velázquez, and Francisco Goya, who became world-renowned artist between the period of the 1500s to 1800s. However, Spain's best known artist since the 1900s has been Pablo Picasso, who is known for abstract sculptures, drawings, graphics, and ceramics in addition to his paintings. Other leading artists include Salvador Dalí, Juan Gris, Joan Miró, and Antoni Tàpies.

The Museo del Prado is FULL of art by so many talented people. Among them are . . .

? 14

Architecture: Let’s just look!

Well, let’s back up a bit. . .

? 14

Under

Constru

ctio

n!

HolidaysSemena Santa = Holy

Week San Fermin, Pamplona

Penitential Brotherhood of the Most Holy Christ of Love (for youth), Carceres, Spain

Running away from a bull during the nine-day San Fermin festival in Pamplona, Spain, is one of the most exhilarating activities an outsider can do. ? 14

Sports? One word:

Fútbol

? 14

FOOD!!!

EducationRequired Education• Age Name Educacion Primaria (Primary Education)

• 5-6 Primero (1st grade) • 6-7 Segundo (2nd Grade) • 8-9 Tercero (3rd Grade) • 9-10 Cuarto (4th Grade) • 10-11 Quinto (5th Grade) • 11-12 Sexto (6th Grade) ESO

• (Secondary School)• 12-13 Primero (first grade) • 13-14 Segundo (second grade)

1• 4-15 Tercero (third grade) 1• 5-16 Cuarto (fourth grade)

Optional Education, after age 16

? 14

 Actors:

Antonio Banderas Penélope Cruz

Famous Spanish People (Natives)

? 15

Mateo Aleman Jacinto Benavente Pedro Calderón de la Barca - playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes - author of El Quijote Federico García Lorca - Spanish poet Salvador de Madariaga Tirso de Molina - playwright Agustín Moreto y Cavana - playwright Francisco de Quevedo Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla - playwright Juan Ruiz de Alarcón - playwright Garcilaso de Vega Félix Lope de Vega José Zorrilla y Moral - poet

Authors

? 15

Hernán Cortés - Spanish Conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa - First to Sight the Pacific Francisco Pizarro - Conqueror of Inca Empire

El Cid  - Spanish Knight and hero Buenaventura Durruti Francisco Franco

Explorers and Leaders

? 15

Salvador Dalí Francisco Goya Joan Miró Pablo Picasso Diego Velázquez

Painters and SingersMiguel Bosé

Montserrat Caballé José Carreras

Plácido Domingo Julio Iglesias

Alfredo Kraus La Pandilla

Raphael Melody Ruiz Gutiérrez

Alejandro Sanz Camilo Sesto

Camarón de la Isla Enrique Iglesias

? 15

Severiano Ballesteros - Golfer Galo Blanco - Tennis Player Fermin Cacho Ruiz - Athlete, Olympic Gold Medalist Pedro Carrasco - World Champion Boxer Javier Castillejo - World Champion Boxer Juan Carlos Ferrero - Tennis Player Sergio Garcia - Golfer Pau Gasol - NA Basketball Player Miguel Induráin - CyclistCarlos Moya - Tennis Player José Maria Olazábal - Golfer Carlos Sainz - Rally Driver Arantxa Sanchez Vicario - Tennis Player Cristina Sanchez - Bullfighter Javier Sanchez - Tennis Player

Athletes

? 15

Hasta Luego, Amigos