SENIORS… Tell your Tribond how you feel about the Bible you own? Is it trustworthy?

SENIORS…

Tell your Tribond how you feel about the Bible you own? Is it

trustworthy?

SENIORS…

Tuesday start-up

Two pray Tuesday. In your Tribond have one person pray for the school and

another pray for the country

THIS WEEK IN SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

BIBLIOLOGY

THE CANONIZATIO

N OF SCRIPTURE

HOW DO WE KNOW WE HAVE THE

RIGHT BOOKS?

BIBLIOLOGY

THE TRANSMISSIO

N OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT WORDS?

MEMORYVERSE

GROUP # 6PRESENTS

JOHN 8:44

BIBLIOLOGY

THE TRANSLATION OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT WORDS?

NO CLASS

SERVICEPROJECTS

NO QUESTIONS THIS WEEK

I’M NOT CHECKING SCHOOL EMAIL IN ISRAEL

HOW DO WE KNOW WE HAVE THE RIGHT WORDS?

TRANSMISSION OFSCRIPTURE


Basic facts of transmission: The Old Testament was originally written in two languages, Aramaic (portions of Ezra and Daniel) and Hebrew (everything else), from 1500-400 B.C.


Basic facts of transmission: The New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek from 40-100 A.D.


Basic facts of transmission: The most readily available writing materials were stone, papyri, and parchment (vellum) until the codex was developed in the 2nd century B.C.


Basic facts of transmission: All transmissions of the Bible were handwritten until the invention of the printing press in the 15th century by Johann Gutenberg


Basic facts of transmission: At times errors were made by the scribes who copied the Scriptures- each different reading among the “extant” or existing manuscripts is called a variant


Basic facts of transmission: There are more than 300,000 variants in the New Testament alone! (don’t get too worried- 99+% of the variants found are simply differences in word order or spelling)

Unintentional Errors Unintentional Errors 1.Mistaken

Letter

Similar-looking letters were sometimes interchangedex: d r (Hebrew) (Greek).

2.HomophonySubstitution of similar-sounding wordsex: Rom 5:1 “we have” or “let us have”

3.Dittography

Letter/word that was written twice rather than onceex: 1 Thess 2:7. “we were babes” or “we were gentle”

4.Fusion Incorrect division of wordsex: God is now here or God is nowhere

5.Homoioteleuton

Omission caused by two sentences with similar endingsex: “Pete went to the store. When he reached the store, he bought bread and milk.” becomes “Pete went to the store he bought bread and milk.”

6. Metathesis Reversal of order of two wordsex: Christ Jesus or Jesus Christ

Intentional ErrorsIntentional Errors1.Grammar,

spelling or modernization changes

Updating in languages (“Rameses,” Genesis 47:11)

2.Harmonization

Often the scribe felt at liberty to change apparent discrepancies (Lk. 23:38 and Jn. 19:19)

3.Theological changes and/or additions

1 John 5:7-8

4.Liturgical Additions

Matt. 6:13 “And do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen.”

KJV7 For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.8 And there are three that bear witness in earth, the Spirit, agree in one. and the water, and the blood: and these three

NAS 7 For there are three that testify:8 the Spirit and the water and the blood; and the three are in agreement


Basic facts of transmission: These variant manuscripts are investigated through a process called textual criticism


Textual Criticism:Science of reconstructing the original text of the Scriptures based upon the available manuscript evidence


Two primary factors textual critics look for in ancient

manuscripts:

1. What is the time span between the original and the copies?

2. How many copies exist?

Two primary factors textual critics look for in ancient

manuscripts:

1. What is the time span between the original and the copies?

2. How many copies exist?

Author of Work

When Written

Earliest Copy

Time Span

# of Copies

Caesar (Gallic Wars )

100–44 B.C. 900 A.D.1,000 yrs.

10

Livy (History of Rome)

59 B.C.–17 A.D.

N/A N/A 20

Plato (Tetralogies) 400 B.C. 900 A.D.1,300 yrs.

7

Pliny the Younger(History)

61–113 A.D. 850 A.D. 750 yrs. 7

Thucydides (History)

460–400 B.C. 900 A.D.1,300 yrs.

8

Herodotus (History)

480–425 B.C. 900 A.D.1,300 yrs.

8

Sophocius (History)

469–406 B.C. 100 A.D. 600 yrs. 193

Aristotle 384–322 B.C.1,100 A.D.

1,400 yrs.

193

Homer (Iliad) 900 B.C. 400 A.D.1,500 yrs.

643

Author of Work

When Written

Earliest Copy

Time Span

# of Copies

Caesar (Gallic Wars )

100–44 B.C. 900 A.D.1,000 yrs.

10

Livy (History of Rome)

59 B.C.–17 A.D.

N/A N/A 20

Plato (Tetralogies) 400 B.C. 900 A.D.1,300 yrs.

7

Pliny the Younger(History)

61–113 A.D. 850 A.D. 750 yrs. 7

Thucydides (History)

460–400 B.C. 900 A.D.1,300 yrs.

8

Herodotus (History)

480–425 B.C. 900 A.D.1,300 yrs.

8

Sophocius (History)

469–406 B.C. 100 A.D. 600 yrs. 193

Aristotle 384–322 B.C.1,100 A.D.

1,400 yrs.

193

Homer (Iliad) 900 B.C. 400 A.D.1,500 yrs.

643

New Testament 50–90 A.D. 125 A.D. 35 yrs. 25,000+

Papyri

Name Date NT Books Covered

General Characteristics

p45 Chester Beatty papyrus

3rd century A.D.

Gospels, Acts 4-17

Mark (Caesarean); Matt, Luke, John (intermediate between Alexandrian and Western text-types)

p46 Chester Beatty papyrus

ca. 200 A.D.

10 Pauline Epistles (all but Pastorals) and Hebrews

Overall closer to Alexandrian than Western

p52

John Ryland’s papyrus

c. 110-125 A.D.

fragment of John

Earliest known extant witness to the NT

Important NT Papyri

Uncial/

Codex

Name Date

(approx.)

NT Books

Covered

General Characteris

tics

(01) Sinaiticus 4th century

The entire NT

Alexandrian; best in epistles

A (02) Alexandrinus 5th century

Most of the NT

Important in the Epistles and Revelation

B (03) Vaticanus 4th century

Most of NT except Hebrews 9:14ff, the Pastorals, Phlm., Rev.

Alexandrian; best in Gospels

Important NT Codex

1. Leningrad Codex (Codex P): written in A.D. 916


Present900

Codex Leningra

d400 350200150


2. Septuagint (LXX): Greek translation of the Old Testament translated around 300–150 B.C. Earliest copy A.D. 400 (, A, B)


Present900

Codex Leningra

d400 350

LXX

200150


3. Targums: Aramaic paraphrases of the Old Testament after A.D. 200


Present900

Codex Leningra

d400 350

LXX

200

Targums

150


4. Dead Sea Scrolls: Found in 1948, contained copies or portions of every book in the Old Testament except Esther (there is a full copy of Isaiah dating back to 200-135 B.C.)


Present900

Codex Leningra

d400 350

LXX

200

Targums

150

DSS


Present900

Codex Leningra

d400 350

LXX

200

Targums

150

DSS

Identical text-type

with Isaiah Scroll


Rules followed by the Masorites:

1. Only parchments from clean animals could be used

2. Each column of the scroll was to have no fewer than 48 and no more than 60 lines whose breadth must consist of 30 letters



3. The ink was to be black, prepared according to a specific recipe

4. No word or letter was to be written from memory

5. There was to be a space of a hair between each consonant and the space of a consonant between each word



6. The scribe must wash himself entirely and be in full Jewish dress before beginning to copy the scroll

7. He could not write the name YHWH with a newly dipped brush, nor take notice of anyone, even a king, while writing the sacred name


Palestine

Samaritan Pentateuch

Proto-Masoretic Text

Qumran Text

Palestine

Samaritan Pentateuch


Qumran Text

Babylon


Babylon


Egypt

Septuagint (LXX)

Egypt

Septuagint (LXX)

Proto-Masoretic

Text

Standardized (1st century)

Proto-Masoretic

Text

Standardized (1st century)

>100 B.C.

100 B.C. –400 A.D.

Masoretic Text

Masoretic Text500 –1000 A.D.

Questions:1. How do we know that the

Bible we have today is the same as when it was first written?

2. Did the scribes ever make mistakes when copying the Bible? If so, how significant were the mistakes?


SENIORS…

Group number 6 prepare to present next weeks memory

verse. Everyone else please read John 8:44

SENIORS…

Wednesday start-up

Please pray Mr. E and Mr. LaBarbera’s safety as they

tour Israel and the surrounding areas.



BIBLIOLOGY

THE CANONIZATIO

N OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT BOOKS?

BIBLIOLOGY

THE TRANSMISSIO

N OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT WORDS?

MEMORYVERSE

GROUP # 6PRESENTS

JOHN 8:44

BIBLIOLOGY

THE TRANSMISSIO

N OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT WORDS?

NO CLASS

SERVICEPROJECTS



SENIORS…

After all your have learned about transmission of the Bible, which

translation in English to you think is the most accurate?

SENIORS…

Thursday start-up

In your Tribond pray over the theme in your life.

“Fall into His story.”



BIBLIOLOGY

THE CANONIZATIO

N OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT BOOKS?

BIBLIOLOGY

THE TRANSMISSIO

N OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT WORDS?

MEMORYVERSE

GROUP # 6PRESENTS

JOHN 8:44

BIBLIOLOGY

THE TRANSLATION OF SCRIPTURE


RIGHT WORDS?

NO CLASS

SERVICEPROJECTS



How did we get the ESV, NAS, and KJV?

What manuscripts or codex were used in translating to English? Were they originals?

TRANSLATION OFSCRIPTURE

The Greek and Hebrew manuscripts used to create English translations of the Bible were not originals.

Jesus taught from copies, not originals and treated them as authoritative.


The thorough transmission process makes for trustworthiness. To not accept the copies of the NT is to throw out Homer, Plato, and Aristotle from your bookstore shelves.


The Bible has been translated into nearly 3,000 languages.

The first translation of the English Bible was initiated by John Wycliffe and completed by John Purvey in 1388.


Unfamiliar with Hebrew and Greek Wycliffe translated from Latin into English.

- Wycliffe used the Latin Vulgate as his source. The Latin Vulgate was translated from Greek by Jerome.

- He used the Greek Septuagint for the OT

- Then later revised from Hebrew OT- He revised Latin NT rather than

translate from Greek. (This work was already done).


Until Wycliffe’s English Bible the Bible was not privately owned and read but controlled by the church (Latin)

Wycliffe’s English Bible revealed the church’s rituals, ceremonies, and doctrines were not from the Bible.

Wycliffe pronounced that we are saved by divine grace!


Wycliffe decided the best way to fight the corrupt church was to give everyone a Bible. His English translation is released in 1380 but not printed.

1384 Wycliffe died, the church had his body dug up and burned and his ashes thrown into the Swift River.

1388 John Purvey continued Wycliffe’s work.


By 1425 the Renaissance brought new interest into the study of classic writings. Interest in learning Hebrew and Greek followed.

By 1450 Gutenberg’s press invented making mass copies of print.

In 1448 Pope Nicolas brings Codex Vaticanus, an ancient Greek text (4th century), to the Vatican (this matters later)

By 1500 Oxford began teaching Greek


In 1515 William Tyndale graduates from Oxford

In 1516 Erasmus (a priest) publishes his Textus Receptus. It was 5 Greek New Testament manuscripts.1. 11th century MSS of Gospels, Acts, Epistles

2. 5th century MSS of Gospels 3. 12th-14th century of Acts and Epistles 4. 15th century of Acts and Epistles 5. 12th century of Revelation (using Latin to fill

gaps)


1517 Martin Luther posts his 95 theses

1523 Tyndale goes to London but the bishop refuses to let him work on an English translation

1525 Tyndale goes to Germany and works on English translation. Translating from Erasmus Textus Receptus.


In 1525 Germany smuggled 15,000 copies to England. England burned the copies as fast as they can find them.

In 1536 Tyndale was strangled and burned by the King and the Church of England. His last prayer “Lord, open the King’s eyes.”


In 1537 the King (Henry VIII) breaks ties with the pope and orders royal funds used to print Tyndale’s English Bible. The first authorized for public use.

In 1543 the King retracts and makes using these Bibles without a licensed person (priest) a crime. England begins burning them again.


In 1554 Queen Mary attempted to re-instate Roman Catholicism in England. She executes protestants including translators. Protestants flee England.

In 1550 “Geneva Bible” Whitingham, an English exile, uses Beza’s Latin and some Greek to make a small inexpensive Bible with John Calvin’s evangelical notes.


In 1551 Verse numbers were added for the first time by Stephanus when he published the 4th edition of Textus Receptus.

In 1611 The King James bible was finished using Textus Receptus (with verses) as the Greek Text.

In 1620 the pilgrims brought the 1599 edition of the Geneva Bible to America.

In 1627 Codex Alexandrinus brought to England. Greek MSS from 400’s including Revelation.


In 1775 the Revolutionary War began in America. By 1782 the Aitken Bible was printed, first on American soil. Fit in soldiers pocket. Congress commissioned it because the Brits wouldn’t ship Bibles anymore. (KJV)

In 1809 Napolean takes the Pope and Vatican library into exile. Some people take notes of ancient manuscripts on parchment.

In 1815 the Vatican library is returned

In 1843 someone remembers seeing the Codex Vaticanus. Tregelles and Tischendorf are allowed to see it.


In 1844 Tischendorf discovers the Codex Sinaiticus (almost complete Bible MSS from 350AD) in a monestary in Egypt.

In 1845 Tragelles memorizes Codex Vaticanus with popes persmission to read it a few hours a day, but couldn’t take notes, use paper or pen, and was guarded. Each night he would write it out. By the end of summer he had it done.


In 1857 Tragelles begind publishing his Greek New Testament text that he memorized from the Codex Vaticanus. Pope upset.

In 1859 Pope had the Codex photographed and released to the public. (it included almost the entire Bible)

In 1861 American Civil War begins. American Bible Society published KJV. By 1862 the Confederates made their own.


By 1860’s there are 3 very good Greek New Testament texts that far surpass the old Textus Receptus.1) Tregelles

2.) Tichendorf’s3.) Wescott and Hort’s (from Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, Bezae, and Old Latin)

In 1870 the Convocation of Canterbury decided to revise the KJ Bible. Thousands of changes based on better textual evidence.


In 1870 the English Revised Version is released. American scholars were invited to participate in it’s completion with the understanding that if their suggestions were not accepted they could not publish their own version until 1901

In 1901 the American Standard Version was published.

In 1908 the Gideon’s began distributing their Bibles for free in America. (KJV) In 2012 they gave away 84.7 million. This year Gideon’s International gives away 2 Bible’s per second world wide.


In 1931 the Chester Beatty Papyri from 90-200 AD are purchased from a dealer in Egypt. 3 manuscripts contain large portion of NT.

In 1933 the Russian Communists see no value but cash in Codex Sinaiticus and sell it to Great Britian.

In 1947 the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered. Verified authenticity of other codex.


In 1952 the English Revised and American Standard were accurate but hard to read. New manuscript finds demanded a revision of the Greek texts. The result was the Revised Standard Version.

In 1961 The New English Bible a fresh translation in modern British idiom was published. Not a revision. Produced from a different text never before produced in English.


In 1962 the Living Bible, Kenneth Taylor’s paraphrased NT from the American Standard released.

In 1966 Good News NT Bible widely distributed. Influenced by the linguistic theory of dynamic equivalence.

In 1971 the New American Standard, a revision of the American Standard (1901). Very good word for word Bible, but hard to read sometimes.


In 1976 due to the success of the Good News Bible NT the entire Bible was done. Today’s English Version.

In 1978 New International Version (NIV), a completely new rendering of the original languages. A thought for thought translation in contemporary English.

In 1982 New King James, revision


In 1985 NIV revised

In 1989 New English Bible revised

In 1990 NAS revised sometimes called RSV

In 1993 Eugene Peterson released the first Message Translation…a travesty.

In 2001 The English Standard Version (ESV) was published. Claiming to be the fountainhead of Tyndales’s 1526, KJV 1611, ERV 1885, ASV 1901, RSV 1971.


In 2011 ESV released a new revision based off newest Greek, Hebrew findings and correction to modern English in an essentially literal way.

The ESV released a iOS and Android app that is the only Bible app that can claim… 1. Free and NOT supported by ads

2. No internet connection needed 3. Re-sizeable font, quick search, viewed history,

notes 4. Share favorite verses on Facebook or Twitter.



•Formal Equivalence: Translations that seek to translate word for word (although this is really impossible). Examples: NAS, KJV, ASV, ESV

Less readable, but better for study in contemporary languages. Why? Because they will usually attempt to make fewer interpretive decisions on any text that can be understood in many ways. This allows the reader to struggle through the options.

•Dynamic Equivalence: Translations that seek to translate thought for thought. Examples: NIV, TNIV, NRSV

Not quite as good for deep study, but usually better for reading and memorization. Dynamic equivalence translations make good pulpit or teaching Bibles.


•.•Paraphrase: Translations that seek to use common language and idioms to get the basic point across in a very readable way. Examples: Message, Philip’s Translation, NLT, GNB

While paraphrases are not good for study or memorization, they are very readable and cause you to read the text differently than you normally would. In this respect, they have great value.

SENIORS… Tell your Tribond how you feel about the Bible you own? Is it trustworthy?

Documents

Transcript of SENIORS… Tell your Tribond how you feel about the Bible you own? Is it trustworthy?