Senior Colloquium Final Paper - Babaji’s Kriya · PDF...

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Naropa University, Traditional Eastern Arts, B.A. Yoga Thesis Kriya Yoga and Pranayama Integration of All Yogas By Krishna Brod Spring 2013

Transcript of Senior Colloquium Final Paper - Babaji’s Kriya · PDF...

Page 1: Senior Colloquium Final Paper - Babaji’s Kriya · PDF file3(Babaji(explained(to(Yogi(Ramaiah(of(his(own“familial”(associationwith(the(18(Siddha(Yoga(tradition(of(Tamil(Nadu,amongwhom(were(his

                                                         Naropa  University,  Traditional  Eastern  Arts,  B.A.  Yoga  Thesis  

   

                 Kriya  Yoga  and  Pranayama                                  Integration  of  All  Yogas  

                                                                                                             By  Krishna  Brod    

                             Spring  2013  

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“Whatsoever  exists  in  the  universe  is  dependent  on  thee,  O  Prana.    Protect  us  as  a  mother  protects  her  children.    Grant  us  prosperity  and  grant  us  wisdom.”1      

 Patanjali  tells  us  Kriya  Yoga  is,  “Tapas,  Swadhya,  Ishvara-­pranidhana.”    “Tapas  svadhyaya-­isvara-­pranidhana  kriya-­yogah”  2    

 Tapas,  intense  practice,  is  the  engine  of  the  chariot,  the  driving  force  behind  

purification  and  evolution.    Swadhya  is  inspired  by  a  longing  to  know,  and  becomes  

sacred  study  of  texts  and  reflective  inquiry.    “Who  am  I?”    Ishvara-­pranidhana,  is  the  

fruit  of  Yoga,  union  with  the  Master.    Together,  here  is  a  Trinity  of  ingredients  that  

combine  to  invite  luminous  effulgence  in  the  human  being.      

Kriya  is  based  on  the  Sanskrit  root  “kri”,  to  do,  and  indicates  “action  with  

awareness”.    Kriya  Yoga  is  therefore  union  (yoga)  by  action.    The  word  karma  is  also  

based  on  the  root  kri,  and  indicates  principals  of  causation  and  effect.    Kriya  Yoga  is  

therefore  the  skillful  use  of  active  awareness  towards  liberation  from  the  chain  of  

karma,  enabling  union  with  God.      

Patanjali  used  the  term  Kriya  Yoga  at  least  a  thousand  years  ago,  and  it  was  

brought  to  contemporary  association  with  Yoga  traditions  originated  by  the  

Himalayan  Yogi  Babaji  Nagaraj,  also  known  as  Kriya  Babaji.    Among  them,  Lahiri  

Mahasaya  received  Kriya  Yoga  from  Babaji  in  1861,  and  he  would  become  the  

radiant  Polestar  of  Kriya  Yoga,  following  instruction  to  disseminate  transmission  to  

house-­‐holders,  who  would  go  on  to  share  Kriya  Yoga  with  the  world  through  a  large  

family  tree  of  lineages.    Others  have  since  received  darshan  and  initiation  with  

Babaji,  such  as  Yogi  S.A.A.  Ramaiah  (in  1954),  who  was  guided  to  found  a  Kriya  Yoga  

tradition  built  upon  144  Kriyas,  or  techniques  of  Yoga.3    

  What  is  Kriya  Yoga?    What  “action  with  awareness”  is  Kriya  Yoga?    

Yogananda,  whose  paramguru  was  Lahiri  Mahasaya,  tells  us  in  his  autobiography,  

“Babaji  is  ever  in  communion  with  Christ;  together  they  send  out  vibrations  of  

                                                                                                               1    Prasna  Upanishad,  Prabhavananda  and  Manchester,  37.  2  Govindan,  Kriya  Yoga  Sutras  of  Patanjali,  63,  Verse  II.1.  3  Babaji  explained  to  Yogi  Ramaiah  of  his  own  “familial”  association  with  the  18  Siddha  Yoga  tradition  of  Tamil  Nadu,  among  whom  were  his  dhyana  guru,  Boganathar,  and  his  pranayama  guru,  Agastyar.          

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redemption  and  have  planned  the  spiritual  technique  of  salvation  for  this  age.”4    The  

technique  Yogananda  refers  to  is  pranayama,  which  means  control  (yama),  of  life-­‐

force  (prana).    There  are  many  types  of  Kriyas  or  methods,  but  the  central  practice  

of  most  Kriya  Yoga  traditions  is  pranayama.    With  the  same  inspiration  we  pose  the  

profound  Self-­‐inquiry,  “Who  am  I?”,  we  can  collectively  ask,  “Why  pranayama?”  

  It  is  the  dharma  of  this  literary  exploration  to  examine  the  central  

importance  of  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama  in  Kriya  Yoga  traditions.    The  path  to  this  

insight  will  entail  a  developing  discovery  of  pranayama  as  a  perfect  expression  of  all  

other  Yogas.      

There  are  numerous  phases  of  Yoga  presented  through  out  Yoga  history.    

Among  the  most  widely  engaged  in  philosophy  and  practice  are  the  classical  8  Limbs  

(Ashtanga)  of  Patanjali’s  Kriya  Yoga:  yama,  niyama,  asana,  pranayama,  

pratyahara,  dharana,  dhyana,  and  Samadhi.    As  well,  the  three  primary  Yogas  of  

the  Bhagavad  Gita  are  Jnana  Yoga,  Karma  Yoga,  and  Bhakti  Yoga.    There  are  also  

additional  phases  or  classifications  of  Yoga:  Hatha  Yoga,  Mantra  or  Japa  Yoga,  

Laya  Yoga,  and  Nada  Yoga.    And  of  course  there  is  the  term  Kundalini  Yoga,  which  

refers  to  a  wide  variety  of  traditions  and  practices.    Kriya  Babaji  himself  has  

described  Kriya  Yoga,  “It  is  the  Yoga  of  service,  devotion  and  knowledge  and  is  

essential  for  Self-­‐realizaiton.    It  helps  and  compliments  all  other  yogas.”5    This  essay  

endeavors  to  illustrate  that  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama  is  an  entirely  whole,  integral  

embodiment  of  these  other  (labeled)  aspects  of  Yoga.      

 

Breath  of  Life  

Breath  is  the  engine  of  life.    It  is  the  golden  link  that  both  empowers  our  

consciousness  and  simultaneously  binds  our  mind  to  the  body.    It  imbues  us  with  

life  and  animation  through  three  dynamic  threads  of  energy  known  as  gunas:  

raja/action,  tama/inertia,  and  sattva/balance.    Cutting  through  the  gunas  or  Maya,  

the  field  of  cosmic  universal  energies,  the  breath  is  our  “Lifeline  to  the  Divine”,  the  

                                                                                                               4  Yogananda,  347.    Masters  of  Kriya  Yoga  have  taught  universality  of  religious  faith,  offering  interpretations  of  the  Bible,  suggesting  Jesus  and  his  disciples  practiced  techniques  similar  to  Kriya.    5  Neelakantan,  Voice  of  Babaji,  170.  

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ineffable  source  of  all  creation.    Breath  is  the  primordial  umbilical  chord  that  feeds  

and  nourishes  the  jivatman  inhabiting  panchakosha,  the  five  sheaths  of  the  human  

being.    These  sheaths  or  garments  range  from  subtle  form  to  dense  physicality,  and  

correspond  to  respective  lokas,  spheres  or  planes  of  existence.    Brahman,  

Satchidananda,  Siva,  Christ,  etc.,  the  Source  of  Life,  is  said  among  Yoga  traditions  to  

be  Luminous,  Infinite  and  Unchanging.    And  within  It,  our  subtle-­‐most  body  

originates,  anandamayakosha,  the  Heart  of  Purusha.    Yogananda’s  guru,  Sri  

Yukteswar,  in  his  profound  work  The  Holy  Science,  explains,  “This  Purusha,  the  Son  of  God,  is  screened  by  five  coverings  called  the  koshas    or  sheaths.    The  first  of  these  five  is  Heart,  Chitta,  the  Atom,  composed  of  four  ideas(word,  time,  space,  atom),  which  feels  or  enjoys,  and  thus  being  the  seat  of  bliss,  ananda,  is  called  Anandamaya  Kosha.”  6      

From  this  Light-­‐body  of  bliss,  and  its  Life  in  God;  Life-­‐force,  also  known  as  Prana  is  

inhaled  through  the  koshas,  drawn  outward  >  unto  the  vijnanamayakosha,  the  

luminous  mind  of  buddhi  or  wisdom  >  unto  manomayakosha,  the  mind  directed  unto  

maya,  the  creation  >  unto  the  pranamayakosha,  the  etheric  vital  body  that  directly  

sustains  >  the  annamayakosha,  the  food  body,  the  physical  kosha.    In  this  realization,  

the  living  experience  of  breath  is  commonly  drawing  energy  from  within,  from  inner  

to  outer,  from  subtle  to  dense.    However,  this  Ganga,  the  river  of  Life  that  is  breath,  

can  be  swum  upstream  towards  its  Source,  even  as  fish  attracted  to  the  flow  

instinctively  trace  a  river  to  its  headwaters.      

The  mind  can  turn  within  upon  the  breath,  and  use  it  as  the  principal  Chariot  

of  awakening  and  Self-­‐realization.    It  is  the  engine  of  Kriya  Yoga,  the  dynamic  force  

of  “intense  practice”,  “Self-­‐study”  and  Ishvara-­pranidhana,  union  with  God.    Through  

breath  mastery,  both  the  personal  and  impersonal  aspects  of  Godhead  are  realized.        “Prana  is  the  soul  of  the  universe,  assuming  all  forms;  he  is  the  light  that  animates  and  illumines  all:  even  as  it  is  written—“The  wise  know  him  who  assumes  all  forms,  who  is  radiant,  who  is  all  knowing,  who  is  the  one  light  that  gives  light  to  all.    He  rises  as  the  sun  of  a  thousand  rays,  and  abides  in  infinite  places.”  7      

                                                                                                                   6  Yukteswar,  35.  7  Prasna  Upanishad,  Prabhavananda  and  Manchester,  35-­‐36.  

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Ashtanga  Yoga  

The  word  pranayama  itself  contains  the  first  limb  of  Kriya  Yoga  propounded  

by  Patanjali.    Yama  means  “control”,  “discipline”,  and  also  represents  the  deity  of  

death.    Mirroring  the  Ashtanga  Yoga  of  Patanjali,  the  great  Siddha  of  Chidambaram,  

Tirumular,  presents  Siva  yoga  as  such,    “Yama,  Niyama  and  Asana  numberless  Pranayama  wholesome  and  Pratyahara  alike,    Dharana,  Dhyana  and  Samadhi  to  triumph  These  eight  are  the  steely  limbs  of  Yoga.”8    

 The  Yamas  are  five,  and  govern  how  a  person  relates  to  other  beings.    Patanjali’s  

version  includes,  ahimsa,  satya,  asteya,  brahmacharya,  and  aparigraha;  nonviolence,  

honesty,  non-­‐stealing,  sexual  restraint  and  ethics,  renunciation  of  greed.  

Importantly,  we  learn  that  the  yamas  are  the  cornerstones  upon  which  the  entire  

practice  of  Yoga  is  based.    There  is  a  definite  purpose  to  the  order  of  the  8  limbs,  

which  are  intentionally  progressive  in  a  practical  course.    The  sacrifice  of  the  ego,  

and  the  awakening  to  unity  of  being  and  purpose,  necessitates  the  arising  of  

compassion  and  sensitivity  towards  other  beings.    This  is  the  primary  arena  of  

karma,  the  cycle  of  cause  and  effect  (that  promotes  ignorance),  and  therefore  the  

yamas  are  the  essential  foundation  of  purification.    Further,  it  is  observed  that  the  

latter  four  yamas,  namely,  satya,  asteya,  brahmacharya  and  aparigraha  are  simply  

diverse  manifestations  of  the  first  and  primordial  yama,  Ahimsa.    Nonviolence  is  

thus  the  kumbha,  or  “pot”,  that  holds  the  entire  practice  of  Yoga.        

Let  it  be  known,  pranayama  is  a  vital  empowerment  of  ahimsa.    Desire,  the  

cause  of  suffering,  is  grasping  for  that  which  is  “outside”  of  one’s  person.  Becoming  

whole  from  within  by  the  practice  of  pranayama,  dispersing  waves  of  desire  for  

“other”,  adds  capacity  and  potential  to  the  practice  of  ahimsa,  an  aspiration  of  pure  

relationship  to  other  suffering  beings.    Pranayama  purifies  and  awakens  vishuddhi  

chakra,  the  throat  center,  empowering  speech  and  the  divine  seed  potential  of  word  

as  Satya,  or  truthfulness.    By  providing  tranquility  of  the  Heart,  pranayama  purifies  

Asteya,  and  the  envy  that  leads  to  theft.      

                                                                                                               8  Ganapathy,  The  Yoga  of  Tirumular,  69.  

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The  task  of  traditional  Brahmacharya,  or  celibacy,  may  be  too  elusive  for  the  

average  practitioner,  but  all  through  the  18  Siddha  poetry  of  Tamil  Nadu,  there  is  

explicit  instruction  in  kundalini  pranayama  for  channeling  and  transmuting  the  ojas  

of  sexual  life-­‐force  into  bindu,  spiritual  energy,  upwards  through  the  nadis  and  

chakras.    Pranayama  has  a  wide  range  of  application  towards  sexuality,  and  can  also  

be  practiced  during  love-­‐making.  “Anointing  her  body  with  unguents  diverse  Bedecking  her  tresses  with  flowers  fragrant  Do  you  enjoy  the  damsel  in  passion’s  union;  If  you  but  know  how  to  shoot    Prana  breath  through  the  Spinal  Cavity  Your  enjoyment  never  ceases.”9  

 Another  powerful  tool  of  sexual  restraint  that  can  be  practiced  in  conjunction  with  

pranayama  is  the  practice  of  bandha,  muscular  locks  that  facilitate  consolidation  of  

energy  unto  specific  chakras,  centers  of  light  and  vibration  along  the  spine  that  

contain  unique  psychic  energies.    Release  of  the  bandha/tension  causes  a  deeper  

relaxation,  purification  and  opening  of  the  chakra.    Bandhas  provide  an  integrated  

energetic  support  to  the  practice  of  sexual  control,  aligning  all  five  koshas,  and  

grounding  vital  awareness.    Brahmacharya  has  a  wide  expression,  from  celibacy,  to  

restraint  during  intercourse,  to  general  ethics  in  sexuality.    Whatever  the  

orientation,  pranayama  is  critical  for  purification  and  transformation  of  sexual  

energies  and  related  karma.        

  Last  but  not  least  of  the  yamas,  the  ideal  of  Aparigraha,  “renunciation”,  also  

described  as  “greedlessness”,  marking  the  perfection  of  ahimsa,  is  made  possible  by  

the  sustaining  power  of  disciplined  pranayama  practice,  which  carries  the  grace  of  

equipoise  unto  the  mind.    The  Yogi  need  not  envy  and  grasp  when  his  mind  is  

immersed  in  infinite  bliss.    The  Self-­‐realization  of  unity  intrinsic  to  Kriya  Yoga  

tradition  and  history  is  a  Communal  actualization  of  ahimsa.    Patanjali  agrees,  “This  

Great  Vow  is  universal,  not  limited  by  class,  place,  time  or  circumstances.”10    As  we  

will  learn  more  about  later,  this  Yama,  the  diety  of  death,  is  tamed  and  mastered  by  

                                                                                                               9  Natarajan,  Tirumandiram,  verse  825.  10  Govindan,  Kriya  Yoga  Sturas  of  Patanjali,  229,  II.31.  

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perfection  of  pranayama,  resulting  in  divine  union,  the  ultimate  realization  of  

ahimsa;  which  may  also  be  known  as  Love.11    

The  Niyamas  are  observances  made  in  relation  to  one’s  self.    Saucha,  

santosha,  tapas,  swadhya  and  ishvara-­pranidhana.    Patanjali  says,  “Observances  

(niyamas)  consist  of  purity,  contentment,  accepting  but  not  causing  pain,  self-­‐study  

and  surrender  to  the  Lord.”12    Purity  refers  to  cleanliness  and  health  of  both  mind  

and  body.    The  intimate  relationship  of  mind  and  breath,  and  their  often  

rajasic/active  and  tamasic/fatigued  movements,  are  made  sattvic  and  still  by  

pranayama,  accomplishing  purity  of  mind.    This  investigation  into  purity  (hygiene)  

of  the  body  is  a  good  opportunity  to  study  the  physiological  benefits  of  Kriya  Yoga,  

thoroughly  explained  in  sacred  texts.    Paramhamsa  Yogananda,  the  great  swan  of  

yoga-­bliss,  explains  in  scientific  detail,            “Kriya  Yoga  is  a  simple,  psycho-­‐physiological  method  by  which  human  blood  is  decarbonated  and  recharged  with  oxygen.    The  atoms  of  this  extra  oxygen  are  transmuted  into  life  current  to  rejuvenate  the  brain  and  spinal  centers.    By  stopping  the  accumulation  of  venous  blood,  the  yogi  is  able  to  lessen  or  prevent  the  decay  of  tissues.    The  advanced  yogi  transmutes  his  cells  into  energy.    Elijah,  Jesus,  Kabir,  and  other  prophets  were  past  masters  in  the  use  of  Kriya  or  a  similar  technique,  by  which  they  caused  their  bodies  to  materialize  and  dematerialize  at  will.”  

 “The  Yogi  arrests  decay  in  the  body  by  securing  an  additional  supply  of  prana  (life    force)  through  quieting  the  action  of  the  lungs  and  heart.”13    

While  this  account  from  Yogananda  sounds  rational  and  informed,  and  by  nature  

supremely  optimistic,  this  divinely  inspired  text  An  Autobiography  of  Yogi  was  

written  in  the  first  part  of  the  20th  century.    Medical  wisdom  has  advanced  some  

since  then,  so  for  contrast  lets  look  at  a  more  contemporary  explanation  offered  by  

M.G.  Satchidananda,  himself  a  disciplined  Kriya  Yoga  practitioner  and  scholar.      “Supplying  oxygen  to  the  cells  of  the  body  and  ridding  them  of  excess  carbon  dioxide  resulting  from  oxidation  are  the  main  purposes  of  respiration.    It  also  aids  in  the  neutralization  of  the  temperature  of  the  body  and  the  elimination  of  excess  water.  Respiration  occurs  internally  and  externally.    Respiration  that  takes  place  in  the  lungs,  with  the  passage  of  oxygen  from  the  alveoli  to  the  blood,  is  known  as  external  respiration  and  the  respiration  that  takes  place  in  the  cells  of  the  body’s  tissues  is  known  as  internal  respiration.  The  Siddha’s  science  of  longevity  is  mainly  concerned  

                                                                                                               11  Nonviolence  is  Love.  12  Ibid.  229,  II.32.  13  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  275-­‐276.    

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with  internal  respiration.    The  secret  of  longevity  lies  in  the  technique  of  diverting  the  breathing  to  the  subtle  channels  and  centers.”14  (Govindan,  Babaji,  154)    

 Here  we  see  Kriya  kundalini  pranayama  as  a  powerful  practice  of  Saucha/purity,  

even  at  the  cellular  level.    Though  the  claims  made  in  Kriya  literature  are  often  

grandiose,  the  hypotheses  presented  are  so  dramatically  optimistic  as  to  warrant  

thorough  experimentation  in  quest  for  corroboration  divine.      

Santosha,  contentment  is  largely  made  possible  by  the  wellbeing  of  the  body,  

as  physical  suffering  is  a  primary  deterrent  to  contentment.    Therefore,  pranayama  

as  the  chief  mental  and  physical  support  of  health  and  vitality,  facilitates  santosha:  

which  may  be  viewed  as  equanimity  and  peace,  even  within  all  given  circumstances  

of  life.    Mentally,  contentment  is  a  further  development  and  stable  integration  of  

saucha;  and  these  two  fundamental  niyamas,  are  essential  kindling  and  fuel  to  the  

fire  of  Life.    

  Tapas,  intense  practice,  conveys  the  heart  of  Kriya  Yoga.    Any  soul  blessed  to  

find  it  is  graced  by  God.    Whereas  modern  yoga  practice  has  trended  towards  

physical  exercise,  historically  yoga  practice  has  been  contemplative  in  nature,  and  

physical  postures  were  based  in  stillness.    In  other  words  “sitting”.    In  this  context,  

tapas  largely  refers  to  the  discipline  of  sitting  still;  which  is  why  Yoga  texts  such  as  

the  Hatha  Yoga  Pradipika  present  details  of  numerous  meditation  postures.    Kriya  

Yoga  traditions  share  this  history  of  sitting  practice,  and  have  empowered  the  

aspirant  with  breathing  methods  that  are  a  perfect  compliment  to  meditation.              

  The  word  tapas  has  a  strong  yogic  association  with  fire  or  Agni;  which  brings  

us  to  this  mysterious  question  of,  what  exactly  is  Kundalini  Shakti?    How  can  we  

describe  the  life  force  that  animates  our  existence?    And  why  is  it  that  practitioners  

often  relate  experiences  of  warmth  and  intense  heat  during  yoga  practice?    Tapas  

has  also  been  translated  as  “to  straighten  by  fire”,  which  refers  to  the  mystic  fire  of    

kundalini  shakti,  and  its  ascending  course  through  the  human  being.    M.G.  

Satchidananda  offers  more  detail  on  this  sublime  topic.      

                                                                                                               14  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddhas  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  154.  

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“The  attributes  of  immortality  are  Saka-­kal,  Vekathalai,  and  Poka  punal,  which  means  the  undying  air  (Vayu),  the  unburnable  Ether  (Akasa)  and  fire  (Agni),  each  operating  in  the  cervical,  hypothalamus,  and  cardiac  plexuses  respectively.”15    

 Thus,  more  generally  we  use  the  term  life-­‐force  or  prana  to  describe  living  essence  

which  has  expression  as  (subtle)  air,  ether,  and  fire.    As  such,  pranayama  is  the  

ancient  yajna  of  the  Vedas,  the  sacrifice  of  self  unto  God,  by  way  of  Agni.        “Kriya  Yoga  is  the  real  “fire  rite”  oft  extolled  in  the  Gita.    The  Yogi  casts  his  human  longings  into  a  monotheistic  bonfire  consecrated  to  the  unparalleled  God.    This  is  indeed  the  true  yogic  fire  ceremony,  in  which  all  past  and  present  desires  are  fuel  consumed  by  love  divine.”16    

 This  being  true,  where  aspiration  is  lofty  towards  Divine  union  and  resultant  

super-­‐conscious  evolution,  tapas  indicates  an  intense  tempering  of  the  jiva’s  metal.    

In  practical  terms,  this  means  the  student  will  be  tested,  and  growth  is  made  

possible  by  initiation—challenge  and  the  necessity  of  overcoming  obstacle.    This  

characterizes  generally  the  journey  of  kundalini  awakening.    Therefore,  consistent  

practice  or  tapas  is  a  prerequisite  for  the  awesome  transformation  of  jiva  unto  Siva.    

Practice  that  is  not  marked  by  consistency  may  result  in  obstacles  that  require  

further  purification.    M.G.  Satchidananda  elaborates,  “The  18  Siddhas  have  referred  to  kundalini,  just  awakened  and  difficult  to  control,  as  the  goddess  “Kali  Devi.”  When  this  kundalini  power  can  be  controlled  and  when  it  brings  peace  and  beatitude,  this  has  been  referred  to  by  the  Siddhas  as  Durga,  the  beautiful  goddess  riding  the  tiger.    Kundalini  when  awakened,  manifests  itself  as  creative  energy,  at  different  levels  of  refinement.    She  is  then  worshipped  in  various  forms  of  goddesses:  Lakshmi,  Parvati,  Saraswati  and  other  forms  of  the  Divine  Mother.”17      

Holding  safety  as  an  ideal,  abhyasa  or  constant  practice  marks  the  successful  

attainment  of  tapas,  a  key  ingredient  in  the  savory  recipe  of  Self-­‐realization.        

This  overall  investigation  is  both  scholastic  and  experiential;  which  brings  us  

to  Swadhya,  using  study  of  sacred  texts  to  inspire  inquiry  and  direct  Self-­‐

knowledge.    This  very  writing  process  is  swadhya,  as  is  the  inner  reflection  inherent  

to  the  journey.    Although  kundalini  shakti  is  often  described  as  latent  energy  at  the  

                                                                                                               15  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  155.  16  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  285.  17  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  162.  

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base  of  the  spine,  it  is  my  own  experience  and  belief  that  kundalini  shakti  “is  what  

we  are”.    It  is  not  just  some  hidden  energy  lying  dormant,  but  rather,  it  is  the  totality  

of  our  life  force,  mind,  and  consciousness.    The  Divine  Light  within  us,  and  all  around  

us,  manifests  as  kundalini  shakti,  the  “coil”  of  individuation.    In  this  respect,  it  is  not  

viewed  as  something  mysterious  or  unknown  to  us.    It  is  our  very  essence,  that  

living  presence  we  experience  consciously  every  day.    It  is  what  empowers  and  

animates  our  ten  indriyas,  the  five  subtle  organs  of  knowledge  and  their  respective  

five  senses.    In  this  respect,  we  can  engage  kundalini  shakti  without  so  much  

mystery  and  fear.    Kriya  Yoga  provides  us  with  a  clear  blueprint  and  pragmatic  tools  

of  self-­‐control  and  Self-­‐awareness.    The  awakening  of  kundalini  shakti  in  the  human  

being,  is  an  expression  of  one’s  connection  to  the  infinite  reservoir  of  Life  Divine.    

Ease  or  difficulty  of  mystical  awakening  is  related  to  one’s  degree  of  preparedness  

to  receive  within  a  localized  body  energy  of  the  infinite.    Kriya  Yoga  prepares  the  

nadis,  chakras,  and  all  five  sheaths  for  this  psycho-­‐physiological  transformation;  

wherein  the  descent  of  Grace  can  be  met  with  a  harmonious  ascent  of  individuated  

consciousness  unto  Union  with  Siva.    All  manner  of  Yoga  practice  and  experience,  

both  good  and  bad,  light  and  dark,  is  accomplished  through  Grace,  or  Divine  Will.    

This  is  a  personal  experiential  belief,  and  it  is  supported  by  sacred  texts.18    

  In  direct  experience  of  Kriya  Yoga  arose  these  words,  “Kriya  Yoga  is  union  

with  Ishvara.”    Patanjali  explains,  “Ishvara  is  the  special  Self,  untouched  by  any  

afflictions,  actions,  fruits  of  actions  or  by  any  inner  impressions  of  desires.”19    The  

culmination  of  the  niyamas  is  Ishvara-­pranidhana,  complete  surrender.    Ishvara  

represents  one’s  higher  Self  or  true  nature,  but  it  also  represents  the  chosen  

personal  Godhead,  Ishta  Deva,  Sat-­Guru.    Ishvara  is  the  Master.    The  idea  of  

“complete  surrender”  indicates  spiritual  maturation,  and  development  of  the  ability  

to  intuitively  receive  and  follow  guidance  from  the  Guru.    But  it  means  more  than  

that.    Kriya  Yoga,  and  specifically,  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama,  serves  to  prepare  the  

yogic  aspirant  for  direct  communion  with  the  Celestial  Yogi  or  Yogini.    

                                                                                                               18  Godman,  Be  as  You  Are,  The  Teachings  of  Ramana  Maharshi,  Ch.  7,  Surrender.    19  Govindan,  Kriya  Sutras  of  Patanjali,  226.  I.24.  

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“The  secret  of  its  attainment  is  a  complete  self-­‐surrender  to  the  descent  of  the  transforming  Divinity.    It  is  for  this  reason,  that  surrender  to  God  is  the  highest  ideal  of  the  Siddhas.    Those  who  attain  such  surrender  become  virtual  shrines  of  God.    The  Divinity  radiates  from  them  in  all  of  its  glory  and  greatness.”20                  Kriya  Yoga  taught  by  Yogi  Ramaiah  and  M.G.  Satchidananda  in  the  tradition,  

Babaji’s  Kriya  Yoga,21  which  is  associated  with  the  18  Siddha  Yoga  tradition  of  S.  

India,  shares  a  potent  Divine  Seal  with  the  Kriya  Yoga  traditions  descended  from  

Lahiri  Mahasaya.    Siva.      

  Kriya  Yoga  is  Siva  Yoga.    Babaji  is  seen  as  the  incarnation  of  Lord  Muruga,  

who  is  mythically  known  as  the  first  son  of  Siva,  the  King  of  Yogis.    Siva  is  the  Divine  

Archetype  of  humanity.    Both  the  personal  Sat-­Guru  and  the  boundless  impersonal  

Sivam,  Siva  is  the  Eternal  Grand-­‐Father  of  Kriya  Yoga.    Therefore,  inherent  to  the  

practice  is  an  invitation  to  the  Maha  Siddha,  “Come  Siva.”  “The  correct  practice  of  breathing  is  known  in  the  18  siddhas  science  of  longevity  as  Vashi  yoga.  If  one  repeats  the  word  vashi  several  times,  it  will  resound  as  “Shiva,  Shiva”,  the  great  mantra  and  name  of  God.”22    

 In  this  practice  of  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama,  we  observe  the  Integral  aspects  of  

devotion  or  Bhakti  Yoga,  Mantra  or  Japa  Yoga,  the  repetition  of  Divine  names,  and  

Nada  Yoga,  union  through  Divine  Sound.    

Tantra  Yoga  is  the  complete  integration  of  Divinity  upon  the  physical  basis.    

This  ideal  is  a  fixture  of  Kriya  Yoga  philosophy,  both  of  Lahiri  Mahasaya  and  within  

the  vast  literature  of  “18  Siddha”  poetry.    Even  the  apparent  dualism  and  separation  

of  spirit,  mind,  and  body  is  welcomed  and  received  in  the  traditions  of  Kriya  Yoga.    

The  body  is  viewed  as  the  temple  of  God,  and  practical  preparations  are  made  to  

wholly  receive  the  unlimited  power  of  Grace  within  it.        

This  brings  us  to  the  third  limb  of  Ashtanga  Yoga,  Asana.    In  modern  yoga  

classes,  asana  refers  to  various  physical  postures,  and  has  become  a  popularized  

form  of  exercise.    And  although  this  is  a  narrow  presentation  of  Yoga,  often  absent  of  

the  essential  philosophical  basis,  this  commercialization  has  advanced  knowledge                                                                                                                  20  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  167.  21  Additional  information  is  available  at  www.Babajiskriyayoga.net  22  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  159.    This  mental  repetition  is  performed  in  conjunction  with  the  breath,  “va”  during  inhalation,  “shi”  during  exhalation.      

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and  care  of  the  physical  human  body;  having  created  a  wide  range  of  innovation  and  

progressive  postural  evolution.    As  well,  Yoga  has  reached  many  millions  of  people  

through  innumerable  practice  studios  and  dozens  of  magazine  publications.    

Therefore,  critical  skepticism  about  the  diluting  of  essential  Yoga-­knowledge  may  be  

tempered  by  the  realization  that  humanity  needs  healing  en-­‐masse.  

However,  it  serves  us  to  understand  the  traditional  view  of  asana,  and  its  

context  within  the  8-­‐limbs  of  Yoga.    My  favorite  definition  of  asana,  from  oral  

transmission  of  Patanjali’s  Yoga  Sutras  is,  “Asana  is  steadfast  sitting,  with  ease.”    We  

can  best  understand  the  traditionally  held  value  of  asana  in  terms  of  facilitating  the  

successive  limbs  of  Yoga,  namely,  pranayama,  pratyahara,  dharana,  dhyana  and  

Samadhi.    That  is,  “sitting  still”  is  fundamental  to  developing  proficiency  in  these  

other  limbs.    This  nuanced  oral  transmission  matches  closely  what  is  found  in  text,  

and  the  verses  that  immediately  follow  shine  clear  Light  on  the  import  of  asana.        “Asana  is  a  steady  comfortable  posture.    From  the  relaxation  of  tension  an  endless  unity  (Samadhi  is  established).    Thereafter  one  is  invulnerable  to  the  dualities.    With  regard  to  (these  postures)  breath  control  is  the  control  of  the  motions  of  inhalation  and  exhalation.    Breath  control  is  external,  internal  or  stationary.    It  is  perceived  according  to  time,  space  and  number  and  (becomes  long  and  subtle).    There  is  a  fourth  during  withdrawal  (between)  internal  and  external  conditions  (of  breathing).    As  a  result,  the  veil  over  (the  inner)  Light  is  destroyed.    And  the  mind  becomes  fit  for  concentration.23      

 It  is  optimistically  suggested  by  Patanjali  that  simply  performing  asana,  or  sitting  

still,  provides  express  access  to  Samadhi.    An  encouraging  thought!    Grounding  this  

optimism  in  the  necessity  of  practical  stages,  Patanjali  makes  a  direct  connection  

between  asana  and  Pranayama,  the  fourth  limb  of  Ashtanga  Yoga.    We  see  here  that  

control  of  the  breath  is  the  basis  of  pranayama;  and  that  mastery  of  breath  control  is  

instrumental  in  removing  the  “veil”  that  obscures  our  awareness  of  inner  Light,  the  

boundless  ocean  of  Being.    

While  this  entire  essay  is  devoted  to  the  4th  limb  of  Ashtanga  Yoga,  the  art  

and  mastery  of  breathing,  let  us  use  this  space  to  examine  some  more  fundamental  

attributes  of  respiration,  and  their  importance  to  pranayama.    Integral  to  the  

experience  of  breathing  is  the  periodic  alternation  in  dominant  flow  between  the                                                                                                                  23  Govindan,  Kriya  Yoga  Sutras  of  Babaji,  230.    Verses  II.46-­‐53.  

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nostrils;  sometimes  the  left  nostril  predominates  and  at  other  times,  the  right.    “And  

about  every  three  hours  this  trend  changes  sides.    In  doing  so,  the  body  is  able  to  

maintain  its  normal  body  temperature  at  about  98.6  degrees  Fahrenheit.”24    This  

corresponds  to  our  understanding  of  two  primary  nadis:  the  idakalai,  or  the  

lunar/feminine  channel  along  the  left  side  of  the  body,  and  the  pingalai,  the  

solar/masculine  side.    The  left  nostril  emphasizes  the  ida  nadi,  which  

predominating,  a  cooling  is  effected;  the  right  nostril  emphasizes  the  pingala  nadi,  

which  predominating,  a  warming  occurs.    Therefore,  the  nostrils  serve  as  the  body’s  

principal  thermostat,  ensuring  hyper-­‐accuracy  in  regulation  of  temperature.    Hatha  

Yoga  is  the  Yoga  of  sun  and  moon—therefore  pranayama  is  its  ideal  expression.    

The  hemispheres  of  the  brain  correspond  to  the  opposing  side  of  the  body,  

which  includes  the  opposite  nostril.    Thus,  when  the  right  nostril  is  widely  open,  the  

left  side  of  the  brain  governs;  which  is  associated  with  logic,  reason,  and  assertive  

masculinity.    When  the  left  nostril  is  open  wide,  the  right  brain  encourages  intuition,  

creativity,  receptivity  and  other  feminine  qualities.    This  yogic  discovery  has  led  to  

the  popular  and  powerful  pranayama  known  as  Nadi  Shodana,  wherein  a  

practitioner  intentionally  alternates  the  breath  between  the  two  nostrils.    In  this  

respect,  pranayama  has  diverse  and  dynamic  application,  and  can  be  intentionally  

used  to  shape  a  person’s  physical  and  mental  experience  towards  favorable  

circumstances.    It  is  said  that  with  practice,  the  alternation  of  flow  between  the  

nostrils  can  be  accomplished  simply  by  mental  concentration.      “One  may  also  learn  to  breathe  through  both  nostrils  equally,  bringing  about  an  integration  and  synthesis  of  the  two  major  aspects  of  our  personality.    When  this  is  done,  it  is  said  that  the  energy  of  the  breath  flows  through  the  central  shushumna  nadi,  producing  a  feeling  of  well-­‐being,  serenity  and  profound  understanding.    This  is  an  ideal  state  for  the  practice  of  meditation.”25  (Govindan,  Babaji,  158)        

  It  becomes  increasingly  apparent  just  how  important  pranayama  is  to  the  

practice  of  meditation.    It  is  the  perfect  compliment.    The  breath  and  mind  are  so  

deeply  connected,  that  to  control  one’s  breath  directly  corresponds  to  controlling  

one’s  mind.    Imbalanced  mental  states  such  as  anger  and  fear  inherently  include  

                                                                                                               24  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  157.  25  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  158.  

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short,  a-­‐rhythmic  breathing.    Bringing  awareness,  stability  and  relaxation  to  the  

breath  causes  these  qualities  to  be  imparted  upon  the  mind.    Whereas  pranayama  is  

viewed  as  control  of  the  breath,  meditation  may  be  viewed  as  control  of  the  mind.    

As  we  are  learning,  they  are  each  essential  and  integral  to  the  other.    Yogananda  

explains,  “The  ancient  Yogic  technique  converts  the  breath  into  mind-­‐stuff.    By  

spiritual  advancement,  one  is  able  to  cognize  the  breath  as  a  mental  concept,  and  act  

of  mind:  a  dream  breath.”26    For  the  physical  person,  the  breath  and  mind  are  one.      

Having  established  a  comfortable  asana  or  meditation  posture,  and  a  natural  

course  of  breath,  the  5th  limb  of  Ashtanga  Yoga  to  be  mastered  is  Pratyahara.    This  

is  typically  understood  as  “sense  withdrawal”,  or  withdrawing  awareness  from  the  

five  physical  senses.    But  additional  nuance  of  understanding  is  required.    In  the  

cosmic  order,  Rta,  of  Samkhya  and  Yoga  philosophy,  there  are  described  ten  

indriyas:  the  jnanendriyas,  the  five  sense  organs  of  perception  or  knowledge,  and  the  

karmendriyas,  the  five  motor  organs  of  action.    The  jnanendriyas  receive  energy,  

whereas  the  karmendriyas  express  or  act  it  out.27    They  arise  concurrently  and  are  

potentials  of  experience  that  manifest  through  all  five  sheaths.    Thus  the  sense  of  

sight  for  example,  is  possible  through  inner  planes  or  lokas  that  correspond  to  the  

inner  koshas  or  subtle  bodies;  this  subtle  sense  faculty  is  exercised  in  the  practice  of  

dream  yoga  or  visualization.    Therefore,  pratyahara  is  not  simply  shutting  the  five  

senses  off,  but  rather,  turning  them  inward  towards  the  Source  of  their  origination.    “Yoga  enables  the  devotee  to  switch  off  or  on,  at  will,  life  current  to  the  five  sense  telephones  of  sight,  sound,  smell,  taste  and  touch.    Attaining  this  power  of  sense  disconnection,  the  yogi  finds  it  simple  to  unite  his  mind  at  will  with  divine  realms  or  with  the  world  of  matter.    No  longer  is  he  unwillingly  brought  back  by  the  life  force  to  the  mundane  sphere  of  rowdy  sensations  and  restless  thoughts.”28      

 Whereas  modern  physical  science  tends  to  try  and  explain  causation  of  life  in  the  

senses  by  virtue  of  the  physical  body,  Yoga  views  Life  and  sense  experience  to  be  of  

an  inner  Divine  origin.    Yogananda  illustrates  the  critical  importance  of  gaining  

control  of  desire  that  grasps  through  the  five  physical  senses.    His  Master,  Sri  

                                                                                                               26  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  280.  27  Frawley,  Yoga  and  Ayurveda,  24.  28  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  282.  

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Yukteswar,  describes  keenly  the  two  poles  of  the  mind,  one  turned  within  and  the  

other  “without”.      “Being  thus  magnetized,  it  has  two  poles,  one  of  which  attracts  it  toward  the  Real  Substance,  Sat,  and  the  other  repels  it  from  the  same.    The  former  is  called  Sattva  or  Buddhi,  the  Intelligence,  which  determines  what  is  Truth;  and  the  latter,  being  a  particle  of  Repulsion,  the  Almighty  Force  spiritualized  as  aforesaid,  produces  the  ideal  world  for  enjoyment  (ananda)  and  is  called  Anandatwa  or  Manas,  the  Mind.”29    

In  this  way,  pratyahara,  empowered  by  asana  and  pranayama,  is  the  Yoga  of  turning  

away  from  desire  and  ignorance—inherent  to  the  sense  experience  of  gross  physical  

Maya—towards  the  “Real  Substance,  Sat”.    Most  commonly,  this  is  supported  by  

sitting  still  in  yogasana,  and  closing  the  eyes;  though  the  real  aim  is  turning  the  mind  

inwards,  which  can  be  accomplished  while  the  physical  senses  still  operate.    When  

successful,  pratyahara  is  the  efficacious  prelude  to  Dharana,  the  6th  limb  of  

Ashtanga  Yoga.            

The  basic  practice  of  Yoga  meditation  may  be  described  as  “continuous  

concentration,  with  relaxation”;  or  “relaxation  with  awareness.”    This  is  

accomplished  by  the  yogi  concentrating  upon  an  “object”.    As  dharana  implies  a  

sense  of  effort  or  force  of  concentration,  it  also  connotes  an  aspiration  of  relaxation,  

releasing  the  tension  of  mental  focus.    Some  widely  used  traditional  objects  of  

meditation  are  mantras  or  sacred  sounds,  AUM,  a  candle  flame,  a  lingam  or  divine  

phallus,  and  an  image  of  the  Ishta  Deva  or  chosen  Sat-­Guru.    Absolutely  any  object,  

physical  or  mental,  that  the  mind  can  focus  upon,  can  serve  as  the  instrument  of  

dharana.    The  breath  is  such  an  object,  and  in  fact,  effective  practice  of  pranayama  

powerfully  stimulates  both  pratyahara  and  dharana.    A  life-­‐long  practitioner  of  

Kriya  Yoga  tells  us,  “After  some  practice,  the  student  of  yogic  breathing  can  actually  

feel  the  flow  of  energy  through  out  the  network  of  nadis  during  each  breath.”30    That  

is,  turning  within  (pratyahara)  upon  the  breath  as  the  object  of  dharana,  is  inherent  

to  the  skillful  use  of  pranayama.      

Dharana  is  the  phase  of  Yoga  that  precedes  and  empowers  Dhyana,  the  

continuous  absorption  of  concentration  upon  an  object.    In  this  7th  limb  of  Ashtanga  

                                                                                                               29  Yukteswar,  The  Holy  Science,  27.  30  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  156.    

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Yoga,  mind  as  the  subject  identifies  with  the  object,  and  true  knowledge  is  gained.    

The  term  dhyana  implies  that  the  practice  of  dharana  has  been  purified  of  excessive  

raja/action  and  tamas/inertia:    the  mental  awareness  of  the  object  has  become  

sattvic,  balanced,  stable  and  without  effort  or  fatigue.    In  dhyana,  the  subject  and  

object  become  one,  even  as  Yogananda  previously  explained  that  by  the  practice  of  

pranayama,  the  mind  and  the  breath  become  one  and  the  same.    The  Maha-­Siddha  

Tirumular,  author  of  the  epic  Siva-­Yoga  treatise,  Tirumandiram,  says,  “Let  Prana  merge  in  Mind  And  together  the  two  be  stilled  Then  no  more  shall  birth  and  death  be;  Therefore,  learn  to  direct  breath  In  streams  alternating  left  and  right;  Then  shall  you  taste  the  nectar  of  life.”31    

 Once  again  we  learn  that  for  jivatman,  the  individuated  consciousness  seeking  

divine  union,  pranayama  is  the  perfect  vehicle  of  dhyana.        

 

Samadhi  

“The  equilibrium  produced  in  the  breathing  between  the  right  side  and  the  left  side,  as  well  as  between  the  inner  and  outer  air  pressure  leads  to  the  breathless  state  of  communion  with  God,  known  as  Samadhi  in  yoga.”32      Our  next  topic,  Samadhi,  the  8th  and  final  Limb  of  Ashtanga  Yoga,  is  a  sublime  

and  spiritual  concept  that  must  be  experienced  to  be  genuinely  known.    Samadhi  is  

also  known  as  Yoga.    Union.    Union  of  Siva  and  Shakti,  male  and  female,  subject  and  

object,  seer  and  seen,  solar  and  lunar,  pingala  and  ida;  It  is  also  the  union  of  jiva  and  

Siva,  the  Ishvara-­pranidhana  or  complete  surrender  Patanjali  says  is  the  culmination  

of  Kriya  Yoga.      

It  has  been  said  by  a  Kriya  siddha,  “Samadhi  is  literally  not  what  you  think.”33    

But  it  is  our  task  here,  in  a  sacrificial  act  of  scholasticism,  to  intuitively  feel  the  

Source  of  knowledge,  and  to  draw  out  from  the  inner,  Divine  wisdom  in  the  form  of  

thought  and  word.    Much  has  been  said  and  written  about  Samadhi.    Kriya  Yoga  

                                                                                                               31  Natarajan,  Tirumandiram,  Verse  567,  Volume  1.  32  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  158.  33  Oral  transmission.    

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traditions  in  particular  shed  colorful  insight  on  the  idea,  in  the  form  of  a  detailed  

map.    May  the  references  offered  here  serve  to  deepen  our  knowledge  about  how  

Samadhi  is  experienced  directly,  in  a  safe  and  progressive  manner.    

           

Kriya  Yoga  traditions  make  bold  claims  about  how  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayam  

directly  facilitates  Samadhi,  and  we  are  going  to  research  “why”.    So  lets  go  back  to  

our  initial  inquiry,  “Why  pranayama?”  “Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama  is  the  most  potential  technique  in  Babaji’s  Kriya  Yoga.  The  techniques  or  kriyas  are  the  hypotheses.    The  student’s  consciousness  is  the  laboratory.    The  purpose  of  these  kriyas  or  techniques  is  the  awakening  of  the  chakras,  the  purification  of  the  nadis,  and  finally  the  awakening  of  the  kundalini  shakti,  leading  to  God  or  Self-­‐realization.  The  kriyas  are  designed  and  taught  so  as  to  bring  about  an  awakening  of  this  kundalini  in  stages,  rather  than  abruptly.”34    

The  operative  concepts  here  are  “empiricism”  and  “safety”.    There  is  so  much  

propaganda  in  Yoga  traditions  about  the  dangers  of  premature  kundalini  awakening,  

any  intention  towards  pragmatism  and  reason  (while  also  promoting  efficiency),  is  

welcomed.    Though  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama  is  a  potent  tool  of  awakening,  it  also  

provides  regulation  and  control  of  one’s  transformative  experience.    In  other  words,  

*mastery  of  the  breath  may  be  the  safest  manner  in  which  to  awaken  kundalini  and  

subsequently  attain  Samadhi.    And  though  pranayama  is  the  central  practice  of  Kriya  

Yoga  schools,  there  are  complimentary  Kriyas  or  yogic  tools  that  additionally  

promote  integration  and  safety.            “The  asana  kriyas,  mudras  and  bandhas  were  developed  by  the  Siddhas  and  practiced  to  strengthen  the  psycho-­‐physical  centers  and  channels  (nadis),  to  eliminate  blockages,  to  permit  the  transmission  of  gradually  increasing  amounts  of  pranic  energy,  as  well  as  to  keep  the  body  free  from  impurities,  functional  disorders  and  diseases.”35      As  students  of  Yoga  we  often  become  enamored  with  descriptions  of  

Samadhi,  and  the  attainment  of  siddhis,  perfections  or  powers.    There  is  a  degree  of  

mystery  surrounding  the  whole  subject,  thus  we  carefully  examine  the  guidance  and  

wisdom  of  Masters  who  have  pioneered  the  pilgrimage  unto  God.      “As  the  kundalini  

passes  through  the  chakras,  these  dormant  areas  and  all  of  our  latent  faculties  and                                                                                                                  34  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  155-­‐156.  35  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  156.  

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divine  potentialities  are  awakened.”36    The  latent  faculties  M.G.  Satchidananda  

speaks  of  correspond  to  the  power  of  Buddhi  expressing  itself  skillfully  through  

Manas,  utilizing  the  indriyas  or  sense  experience  in  progressively  evolved  manners.    

For  example,  the  sense  of  sight  can  be  awakened  into  clairvoyance  or  Divine  vision;  

or  the  sense  of  hearing  can  expand  unto  clairaudience  or  Divine  hearing.      “The  extraordinary  powers  attributed  to  advanced  Siddhas  is  largely  due  to  the  knowledge  and  intelligent  use  of  this  stored-­‐up  energy.  This  prana  not  only  supplies  electric  force  to  the  nerves,  but  it  magnetizes  the  iron  in  the  system  and  produces  the  aura  as  a  natural  emanation.”37      The  concept  of  magnetism  is  found  through  out  the  Kriya  literature,  and  is  

worth  contemplating.    Sri  Yukteswar  has  said  that  the  causal  body,  karana,  is  the  

body  of  “magnetic-­‐aura  electricities”.38    Yogananda  too  mentions  magnetism  often.    

“The  Kriya  Yogi  uses  his  technique  to  saturate  and  feed  all  his  physical  cells  with  

undecayable  light  and  thus  to  keep  them  in  a  spiritually  magnetized  condition.”39    

Thus,  we  may  infer  there  is  a  pervasive  constituency  of  magnetic  electricity  within  

life-­‐force,  prana,  kundalini  shakti;  even  as  there  is  mystic  fire.    Mastery  over  these  

existential  constituents  causes  siddhi.      

The  term  siddhi  is  commonly  presented  as  “supernatural”  power.    Common  

warnings  are  offered  against  motivation  towards  attaining  siddhi,  as  attachment  to  

them  creates  obstacles  in  the  form  of  samskaras,  subconscious  habitual  tendencies.    

Yet  we  see  that  siddhis  are  an  entirely  “natural”  development  of  consciousness  made  

possible  by  Yoga.    Even  as  our  attachment  to  the  senses  must  be  transcended,  so  too  

must  we  not  be  attached  to  the  “sensory”  experience  of  siddhis.    It  is  often  these  

stories  of  Samadhi  and  siddhi  that  inspire  within  us  deep  intuition  of  our  true  

nature,  and  a  longing  for  Life  as  Spirit;  and  so  we  should  honor  are  relationship  with  

them  as  a  necessary  part  of  the  journey  unto  God.        

With  the  sword  of  viveka,  discernment,  we  study  the  yogic  map  of  Being  and  

                                                                                                               36  Ibid,  162.  37  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  154.  38  Yukteswar,  The  Holy  Science,  35.  39  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  281.  

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prepare  our  bodies  and  minds  for  union  with  the  Divine.    For  the  Kriya  Yogi,  

pranayama  is  the  secret.    Samadhi  is  often  said  to  be  marked  by  cessation  of  

respiration,  and  at  a  higher  stage  this  includes  cessation  of  the  heart.    In  this  way  the  

yogi  is  able  to  practice  “dying”,  literally.    However,  rather  than  “cessation”  we  

might  say  that  the  rhythms  of  breath  and  heart  are  “suspended”  by  Divine  Grace.    

This  suspension  of  breath  is  referred  to  as  kaivalya  kumbhaka,  and  with  proper  

preparation  it  occurs  without  effort.  

However,  common  in  Yoga  history  and  practice  is  the  intentional  retention  of    

breath  at  the  top  of  inhalation  (kumbhaka),  and  at  the  bottom  of  exhalation  

(rechaka).    While  this  technique  forcefully  simulates  the  inevitable  state  of  Samadhi  

and  corresponding  breathlessness,  it  is  controversial  in  that  it  may  over  time  cause  

unnecessary  stress  on  the  heart,  depleting  the  body’s  cells  of  oxygen  (hypoxia),  a  

primary  cause  of  inflammation.    Through  effective  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama  

practice,  kumbhaka  arises  with  balance  and  ease.    “Attempts  to  hold  breath  forcibly  in  the  lungs  are  unnatural  and  decidedly  unpleasant.    Kriya  practice,  on  the  other  hand,  is  accompanied  from  the  very  beginning  by  feelings  of  peace  and  by  soothing  sensations  of  regenerative  effect  in  the  spine.”40    

 Whereas  inflammation  is  the  chief  cause  of  physical  injury  and  aging,  pranayama  

hyper-­‐oxygenates  the  cells,  empowering  wellbeing,  vitality  and  contentment.      

  Pranayama  yogis  skillfully  utilize  ratios  of  inhalation  and  exhalation;  such  as  

1:0:1:0  (“0”  representing  no  breath  retention),  2:0:2:0  (indicating  longer  duration),  

1:0:2:0  (maximizing  prana  absorption),  or  2:0:1:0  (inducing  sleep,  as  this  ratio  is  

normal  in  a  state  of  sleep).    And  these  yogis  value  highly  reduction  of  the  average  

number  of  breaths  taken  per  minute.    Yogi  S.A.A.  Ramaiah,  a  direct  disciple  of  Kriya  

Babaji,  formulated  a  principal  noting  that  the  slower  one  breathes  on  average,  the  

longer  that  person  will  live  by  nature.    He  explained  the  18  Siddhas  held  

contemplative  awareness  of  other  animals,  from  whom  They  gleaned  Kriyas  or  

skillful  means.      “This  has  been  referred  to  as  the  Law  of  Inverse  Proportions  by  Yogi  S.A.A.  Ramaiah,  who  noted  that  the  span  of  life  is  inversely  related  to  the  rate  of  breathing.  And  if  the  

                                                                                                               40  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  280.  

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rate  of  breathing  is  reduced  to  zero,  the  life  span  will  become  infinity.    Yogi  Ramaiah  has  pointed  to  examples  from  the  study  of  modern  zoology  which  confirm  the  “law  of  inverse  proportions”:  the  sea  turtle  lives  to  an  age  of  more  than  300  ears  and  breathes  at  a  rate  of  four  to  five  respirations  per  minute.  Other  animals  such  as  frogs,  mice,  bears,  go  into  hibernation  during  the  winter  and  their  breathing  is  drastically  reduced  during  that  time.”  41    

Yogananda  corroborated  this  theory  in  his  autobiography.      Jai  Tortoises!  

How  then  does  one  achieve  “victory”  in  this  endeavor  of  slowing  the  breath?    

Even  as  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama  is  the  central  practice  of  all  Kriya  Yoga  

traditions,  Ujaayi,  the  “victory  breath”,  is  the  central  nucleus  of  Kriya  Kundalini  

Pranayama.    It  consists  of  closing  (in  part)  the  epiglottis,  which  prevents  food  and  

water  from  entering  your  lungs;  the  epiglottis  is  contracted,  thereby  minimizing  the  

volume  of  air  moving  across  the  threshold;  this  results  in  a  naturally  longer  course  

of  breath.    Ujaayi  produces  a  smooth  sound  similar  to  waves  of  the  ocean,  which  

serves  as  an  excellent  point  of  concentration  for  the  mind;  there  is  a  textural  

sensation  of  “wind”  in  the  technique,  which  is  an  additional  mental  support.    As  the  

breath  is  comfortably  slowed,  the  heartbeat  is  also  slowed,  and  a  powerful  

relaxation  is  made  possible.    Guided  by  sacred  texts,  it  is  my  own  experience  and  

belief  that  Ujaayi  is  the  core  mechanism  of  prana  absorption  in  the  brain,  specifically  

in  the  region  known  as  medulla  oblongata,  which  happens  to  be  “the  nervous  centre  

that  regulates  rhythmic  muscular  contractions  involved  with  breathing.”42    

There  is  additionally  common  to  Kriya  Yoga  the  powerful  mudra  Kechari,  

wherein  the  tongue  is  curled  up,  contacting  the  roof  of  the  mouth  (as  far  back  as  is  

comfortable).    This  directs  flow  of  prana  into  Sushumna,  the  central  nadi  that  is  a  

direct  pipeline  to  the  Sahasrara,  the  1008  petal  crown  chakra,  the  “doorway  to  

Brahman”.    Together,  Ujaayi  and  Kechari  comprise  the  Shakti  and  Siva  of  Kriya  

Kundalini  Pranayam,  the  dynamic  receptivity  and  piercing  stability.    They  serve  as  

the  integral  mechanisms  that  allow  the  yogi  to  “die”  by  Divine  Grace.      

Each  unique  description  of  Samadhi  conveys  subtly  and  nuance  of  experience  

that  may  yet  provide  important  clues  to  the  experimenting  sadhak.    May  the  

                                                                                                               41  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  153.    42  Ibid,  151.  

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guidance  of  these  Masters  illuminate  our  inquiry.    Swami  Sri  Yukteswar  enlightens  

us  with  a  view  of  Samadhi  as  a  powerful  type  of  rest  for  the  body  and  mind.      “If  man  can  control  these  involuntary  nerves  by  the  aforesaid  Pranayama,  he  can  stop  the  natural  decay  of  the  material  body  and  put  the  involuntary  nerves  (of  the  heart,  lungs,  and  other  vital  organs)  to  rest  periodically,  as  he  does  with  his  voluntary  nerves  in  sleep.    After  such  rest  by  Pranayama  the  involuntary  nerves  become  refreshed  and  work  with  newly  replenished  life.  If  man  can  “die”,  that  is,  consciously  put  his  entire  system,  voluntary  and  involuntary,  to  rest  each  day  by  practice  of  Pranayama,  his  whole  physical  system  works  with  great  vigor.    Life  and  death  come  under  the  control  of  the  yogi  who  perseveres  in  the  practice  of  Pranayama.    In  that  way,  he  saves  his  body  from  premature  decay  that  overtakes  most  men,  and  can  remain  as  long  as  he  wishes  in  his  present  physical  form,  thus  having  time  to  work  out  his  karma  in  one  body  and  to  fulfill  (and  so  get  rid  of)  all  the  various  desires  of  his  heart.    Finally  purified,  he  is  no  longer  required  to  come  again  into  this  world  under  the  influence  of  Maya,  Darkness.”43      

Regarding  the  “why”  of  pranayama,  that’s  clear  and  straight  to  the  point!    We  have  

things  to  do  in  this  world,  but  we  also  need  to  rest.    Sri  Yukteswar’s  description  of  

profound  rest  accomplished  by  Kriya  pranayama,  resembles  closely  the  description  

of  Yoga  Nidra,  or  yogic  sleep;  a  powerful  Yoga  practice  where  the  yogi  transforms  

sleep  into  an  experience  of  enlightenment.    If  as  Sri  Yukteswar  indicates,  it  is  our  

inherent  dharma  to  transcend  the  cycle  of  reincarnation  unto  bhuloka,  the  gross  

physical  sphere,  what  then  awaits  us  in  Self-­‐realization?    Though  indescribable,  

these  great  Masters  left  inspiring  glimpses.      “Untying  the  cord  of  breath  that  binds  the  soul  to  the  body,  Kriya  serves  to  prolong  life  and  to  enlarge  the  consciousness  to  infinity.    The  Yoga  technique  overcomes  the  tug-­‐of-­‐war  between  the  mind  and  the  matter  entangled  senses,  and  frees  the  devotee  to  re-­‐inherit  his  eternal  kingdom.    He  knows  then  that  his  real  being  is  bound  neither  by  physical  encasement  nor  by  breath—symbol  of  mortal  man’s  enslavement  to  air,  nor  to  Nature’s  elemental  compulsions.”44  (Yogananda,  282)  

 Yogananda  here  signifies  that  man  is  a  spiritual  being  at  Heart,  ultimately  freed  from  

ignorance  and  suffering  by  the  power  and  Grace  of  pranayama.      

  As  we  have  observed,  an  important  golden  thread  through  the  Kriya  

literature  is  the  central  importance  of  Sushumna  Nadi  in  the  attainment  of  Samadhi,  

Self-­‐realization  and  God-­‐union.    We  have  read  that  when  the  ida  and  pingala  become  

purified  of  blockages  and  brought  into  balance,  the  breath  flows  through  this  central                                                                                                                  43  Yukteswar,  The  Holy  Science,  73.  44  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  282.  

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channel  of  Life.    But  remember  that  Yogananda  has  showed  us  the  breath  and  mind  

are  One.    Therefore,  the  mind  itself  is  focused  within  Sushumna,  which  is  the  

quintessential  act  of  pratyahara  or  turning  within.          “When  man  directs  all  his  organs  of  sense  toward  their  common  center,  the  sensorium  or  Sushumnadwara,  the  door  of  the  internal  world,  he  perceives  his  God-­‐sent  luminous  body  of  Radha  or  John  the  Baptist,  and  hears  the  peculiar  “knocking”  sound,  Pranava  Sabda,  the  Word  of  God.”45    

This  elegant  testimony  from  Sri  Yukteswar  holds  Divine  mystery,  and  inspires  deep  

intuitive  inquiry.    He  may  be  referring  to  one’s  conscious  perception  of  his/her  own  

Heart  or  anandamayakosha,  and  the  luminous  attributes  of  Purusha.    We  may  also  

infer  from  “Radha  or  John  the  Baptist”,  forms  of  Isvara  with  whom  we  may  unite  in  

complete  surrender,  Isvara-­pranidhana46.    Radha,  as  the  Divine  Mother,  showers  

Grace  upon  Her  children.    John  the  Baptist  bore  witness  to  the  Divine  Light  and  

served  in  the  sacred  role  of  baptizing  Jesus,  wherein  the  Holy  Spirit  descended  upon  

him  like  a  dove.    Maybe  here,  these  effulgent  Devas  serve  in  the  role  of  Sat-­Guru,  

bestowing  Liberation  upon  the  individuated  consciousness.    

As  well,  here  is  a  lovely  illustration  of  the  realization  of  Nada  Yoga,  union  

with  God  through  Divine  Sound,  Pranava  Sabda,  or  AUM.    Proponents  of  Nada  Yoga  

share  a  view  that  the  ineffable  Brahman,  Sivam,  or  God,  which  is  by  nature  

Luminous,  Silent,  and  Unchanging,  also  produces  a  vibration  as  the  sound  of  AUM,  

from  which  all  manifestation  arises.    They  advocate  meditation  on  the  Divine  Sound  

as  the  principal  vehicle  of  God-­‐realization.    Here  again  we  observe  the  practice  of  

Vaashi  Yoga,  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama,  and  the  absorption  within  Sushumna  Nadi,  

as  the  perfect  realization  of  Nada  Yoga.    

Meditation  on  AUM  is  a  primary  thread  through  all  Kriya  Yoga  tradition,  and  

is  even  incorporated  into  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama,  and  other  Kriyas,  such  as  

Omkar  Kriya.  As  the  actual  techniques  of  Kriya  Yoga  are  generally  kept  secret  and  

only  taught  to  qualified  aspirants,  certain  details  have  to  be  omitted  from  this  

                                                                                                               45  Yukteswar,  The  Holy  Science,  75.  46  Not  dissimilar  to  the  practice  of  yidam  in  Tibetan  Buddhism.    The  meditator  unites  with  Deities  such  as  Tara  and  Avalokiteshvara.  

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exposition.    However,  we  have  gained  a  general  framework  of  what  Kriya  Yoga  looks  

like,  and  more  can  be  added  here.  “Kriya  Yoga  mentally  directs  his  life  energy  (AUM)  to  revolve,  upward  and  downward,  around  the  six  spinal  centers  (medullary,  cervical,  dorsal,  lumbar,  sacral,  and  cocygeal  plexuses).    One  half  minute  of  revolution  of  energy  around  the  sensitive  spinal  cord  of  man  effects  subtle  progress  in  his  evolution;  that  half  minute  of  Kriya  equals  one  year  of  natural  spiritual  unfoldment.”47    

 This  bold  statement  aside,  Yogananda  illustrates  that  pranayama  includes  

intentional  purification  of  the  chakras.    In  traditions  that  flowed  from  Lahiri  

Mahaysay,  often  termed  “Original”  Kriya  Yoga,  there  were  also  presented  five  “Keys  

to  the  Kriya  Path:  1.        To  attain  still,  or  poised,  state  of  breathing  in  natural  course.  2.        To  see  in  Yonimudra  (Beatific-­‐inner  revelation  Kriya.)  3. Putting  the  tongue  into  the  head  (Inner-­‐outer-­‐space  or  Talabya  Kriya).  4. Fixing  on  the  divine  Spot  and  listening  to  the  sound  of  OM.  5. Attending  the  bright  Star  at  the  forehead  from  the  throat.”48    

 Though  not  all  Kriya  traditions  present  these  “Keys”  in  exactly  the  same  way,  they  

are  common  to  each  tradition.    The  first  key  indicates  asana,  pranayama  and  breath  

awareness  as  meditation.    Yonimudra  is  a  gesture  designed  to  facilitate  pratyahara,  

whereby  the  fingers  cover  the  eyes,  ears,  nose  and  mouth.    Talabya  Kriya  is  Kechari  

Mudra,  the  skillful  usage  of  the  tongue  to  direct  prana  into  the  Sushumna.    And  then  

keys  four  and  five  indicate  visualization  of  Light  and  OM.    When  these  techniques  

are  to  be  engaged  in  the  practice  requires  guidance  from  a  teacher,  though  it  is  this  

sadhak’s  experience  that  they  may  have  “originally”  been  implemented  as  a  

structure  of  dharana/dhyana,  intended  to  follow  the  practice  of  pranayama.        

  The  polestar  of  Kriya  Yoga,  Lahiri  Mahasaya,  like  many  Kriya  Masters,  

blessed  his  students  by  producing  potent  sacred  literature.    Among  these  important  

works  of  commentary  include  his  interpretation  of  the  Bhagavad  Gita,  India’s  

central  religious  text.    In  the  Gita,  Krishna  reveals  to  Arjuna  three  primary  Yogas:  

Bhakti  Yoga,  the  Yoga  of  supreme  devotion,  Karma  Yoga,  the  Yoga  of  action  and  

selfless  service  to  God,  and  Jnana  Yoga,  the  Yoga  of  Self-­‐knowledge.    Lahiri  

                                                                                                               47  Yogananda,  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  279.  48  Satyeswarananda,  The  Bhagavad  Gita,  Interpretations  by  Lahiri  Mahasaya,  14.  

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Mahasaya’s  work  on  the  Gita  is  not  one  of  strict  translation,  but  a  liberal  

commentary  based  in  direct  experience  and  Self-­‐realization.    He  presents  Kriya  Yoga  

as  the  perfect  realization  of  the  Yoga  of  the  Gita,  offering  a  concise  synopsis  of  this  

overall  interpretation.  “The  Kriya  path  is:    Attaining  eternal  Tranquility  by  practicing  Pranayam  and  continuing  the  meditation  on  the  “Formless”,  ie.  Tranquility.    Increasing  the  practice  of  Kriya,  doing  all  works  without  expectation  for  results  thereof,  the  Path  aims  at  achieving  Tranquility,  observing  everything  which  is  revealed  in  Yonimudra  (Beatific  Inner  Revelations  Kriya),  and  terminating  every  desire  before  it  originates,  being  freed  from  all  thoughts.      It  is  meditating  on  the  thoughtless  state  of  Consciousness,  especially  holding  that  state  of  Consciousness  where  there  is  no  sun,  moon,  light  of  fire:  still,  everything  is  seen  eternally.    Thereafter,  one  bright,  dazzling  Star  of  Consciousness  is  seen  very  secretly  in  between  the  eyebrows,  and  the  unmanifested  state  of  Consciousness  is  revealed.    Thereafter,  whatever  sentiments  one  possesses  can  be  seen  in  vision  in  the  inner  Self  (Kutastha).    “Thereby,  believing  the  advice  of  the  Master,  five  states  of  vibrations  (earth,  water,  fire,  air  and  ether),  mind,  intelligence,  ego  and  supreme  Being  are  seen,  resulting  in  the  steadfastness  of  mind  towards  inner  Consciousness.    When  all  the  three  qualities  are  harmoniously  together  in  one  Rhythm  inside  this  fine  Spinal  Cord,  then  the  supreme  Being  is  revealed,  going  beyond  the  sentiments  of  discrimination  between  good  and  bad.    Having  pure  Reverence  and  Love,  when  the  breathing  is  still,  the  seeker  attains  eternal  Tranquility,  or  Peace.”49    Vairagya,  detachment,  is  the  state  wherein  one  performs  “all  works  without  

expectation  for  results  thereof”.    This  is  the  key  to  realization  of  Karma  Yoga  of  the  

Gita,  performing  works  in  a  selfless  manner,  without  grasping.    Lahiri  Mahasaya  

clearly  states  that  “Pranayam”  is  the  method  by  which  one  attains  “Tranquility”,  

which  is  another  word  that  similarly  represents  a  quality  of  vairagya.    As  pranayama  

includes  dynamic  action  of  the  breath,  it  is  the  ideal  manifestation  of  Karma  Yoga;  

and  through  it,  one  is  able  to  effectively  serve  the  Lord  who  manifests  in  all  beings.    

The  Kriya  Yogi  is  taught  to  view  every  woman  (other  than  his  wife)  as  his/her  

Mother,  and  every  man  as  his/her  Father.50  

Jnana  Yoga  is  the  “lightening”  fast  path  of  Self-­‐knowledge  Krishna  advocates  

for  Arjuna.    This  path  is  based  in  discovery  of  those  qualities  of  one’s  being  that  are  

true  and  lasting,  revealed  by  Buddhi,  the  higher  aspect  of  mind;  rather  than                                                                                                                  49  Satyeswarananda,  The  Bhagavad  Gita,  Interpretations  by  Lahiri  Mahasaya,  14.      50  Ibid.  

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identification  with  “that  which  we  are  not”;  the  idea  of  separate  self  perpetuated  by  

the  play  of  the  “three  qualities”  or  gunas.    The  above  summary  of  Kriya  carries  

abundant  expression  of  our  true  nature.    The  term  “Tranquility”  conveys  an  

essential,  unchanging  attribute  of  Self,  and  shares  a  feeling  connoted  by  the  term  

ananda,  Divine  bliss.    So  too  does  Kriya  empower  vision  of  the  Self  as  “one  bright,  

dazzling  Star  of  Consciousness,”  in  which  the  Kriyaban  becomes  absorbed  and  

merges  with  the  “unmanifested  state  of  Consciousness”.    This  realization  of  Divine  

Light/OM  is  an  indispensable  aspect  of  Jnana  Yoga.          

Even  the  Bhakti  Yoga  of  Divine  Love,  the  deepest  respect  for  and  surrender  

to  one’s  highest  Self,  finds  perfect  expression  in  Kriya  Yoga.    This  “Reverence  and  

Love”  is  brought  to  fruition  by  Kriya  Kundalini  Pranayama.    “Come  Siva”.    The  

Jnanavatar,  Sri  Yukteswar  masterfully  connects  many  of  these  concepts.    “Thus  perceiving,  man  naturally  believes  in  the  existence  of  the  true  Spiritual  Light,  and,  withdrawing  his  self  from  the  outer  world,  concentrates  himself  on  the  sensorium.    This  concentration  of  the  self  is  called  Samyama.    By  this  Samyama,  or  concentration  of  self  on  the  sensorium,  man  becomes  baptized  or  absorbed  in  the  holy  stream  of  the  Divine  Sound.    This  baptism  is  called  Bhakti  Yoga.    In  this  state  man  repents;  that  is,  turning  from  this  gross  material  creation  of  Darkness,  Maya,  he  climbs  back  towards  his  Divinity,  the  Eternal  Father,  whence  he  had  fallen,  and  passing  through  the  sensorium,  the  door,  enters  into  an  internal  sphere,  Bhuvarloka.    This  entrance  into  the  internal  world  is  the  second  birth  of  man.    In  this  state  man  becomes  Devata,  a  divine  being.  “51    

 Kriya  Yoga  is  said  to  provide  the  Divine  aspirant  the  perfect  tools  for  preparation  

and  unification  with  both  the  infinite-­‐impersonal  “supreme  Being”,  and  the  personal  

“Eternal  Father”  as  Ishvara,  Ishta  Deva.    Kriya  Babaji  also  advocates  worshipping  

God  as  Mother,  and  has  suggested  it  is  an  important  cultivation  of  Bhakti  Yoga  

during  this  particular  age  of  the  world.52  

  “Faith”  seems  to  be  an  integral  aspect  of  devotion  and  Bhakti  Yoga.    Whereas  

some  suggest  that  faith  is  merely  “belief”,  Kriya  Yoga  is  presented  as  a  scientific  

technique  of  God-­‐realization.    In  other  words,  there  is  nothing  to  “believe”.    The  Self  

is  meant  to  be  experienced  empirically.    The  techniques  then  provide  the  yogin  with  

                                                                                                               51  Yukteswar,  The  Holy  Science,  76.  52  Neelakantan,  The  Voice  of  Babaji,  261.  

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direct  knowledge  of  Self  and  God.    Thereafter,  belief  or  faith,  becomes  based  in  

Jnana.    Knowing.    In  this  sense,  Jnana  and  Bhakti  are  the  same.    

Siva  is  invited  to  come.    And  His  arrival  is  met  with  Love.    The  individuated  

consciousness  or  jiva,  carrying  a  (false)  sense  of  effort,  performs  the  Kriyas  in  

preparation  for  Union.    But  the  personal  Bhakti  of  loving  the  Master  is  dissolved  in  

realization  of  One  Love.    Jiva  becomes  Siva,  even  as  salt  dissolves  in  water.    This  is  

the  beautiful  Laya  Yoga,  in  which  it  is  realized  Divine  Grace  accomplishes  ALL.    As  

with  the  great  Jnani  Ramana  Maharshi,  Kriya  Babaji  teaches  renunciation  of  the  

belief  in  personal  doer-­‐ship  of  action.53            

In  the  Srimad  Bhagavata,  Lord  Krishna  tells  Uddava,  “It  is  only  by  association  

(satsang)  with  the  wise  and  righteous  (Satpurushas)  that  many  who  were  of  rajasic  

or  tamasic  nature  attained  the  Lord.”54    With  this  humble  aspiration  should  we  

approach  another  great  Master  of  Kriya  Yoga.    Agastya  is  one  of  the  greatest  of  the  

18  Siddhas.    His  name  is  recorded  as  one  of  the  seven  rishis  of  the  ancient  Vedas,  the  

oldest  literature  of  India.    He  is  known  as  the  Father  of  the  Tamil  language  and  

Siddha  medicine,  Conqueror  of  demons,  and  a  Master  of  pranayama;  and  it  was  He  

who  in  the  early  3rd  century  initiated  Babaji  Nagaraj  into  Kriya  Kundalini  

Pranayama.    As  through  out  the  vast  Tirumandiram,  Agastya’s  own  poetry  reveals  

essential  subtleties  of  Siva  Yoga.    “The  play  of  vaci  occurs  in  the  muladhara,  the  ultimate  foundation;  If  it  stabilizes  itself  at  the  seat  of  Sadasiva,    Then,  the  physical  body  would  vanish  and  One  would  acquire  a  golden  body  of  Siva’s  life;  If  one  disentangles  himself  from  the  “I-­‐ness”  of  anava-­mala,    Throwing  away  the  primal  root  going  deep  into  one,  the  syllable  nan.    Then  penetrate  the  point  of  the  syllable  a.  The  Lord  who  presents  Himself  would  manifest.”55    

 Professor  T.N.  Ganapathy,  editor  and  author  of  several  profound  books  on  the  18  

Siddhas,  including  the  Tirumandiram,  provides  further  insight  into  the  scientific  art  

of  Siva  Yoga.    Our  swadhya  ascends  from  muladhara  to  sahasrara.    

                                                                                                               53  Ibid.    54  Neelakantan,  Voice  of  Babaji,  430.  55  Ganapathy,  The  Yoga  of  the  18  Siddhas,  67-­‐68.  

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“Siva-­‐Yoga  is  the  Yoga  method  by  which  the  atman  identifies  itself  with  Siva.    It  is  a  process  of  attaining  Siva-­‐hood  at  the  top  of  the  head  (sahasrara).    It  is  called  in  Siddha  literature  as  “Yoga  which  touches  the  top.”    Here  the  yogin  is  said  to  “drink”  the  “ambrosial  juice”  oozing  from  the  sahasrara.    Hence  this  Yoga  is  called  by  some  Siddhas  as  a  process  of  “begging  at  the  top”  or  quenching  the  thirst  at  the  top.”    

The  ascent  of  consciousness  unto  the  crown  chakra  is  described  as  stimulating  the  

physical  release  within  the  brain  of  an  ambrosia  that  causes  physical  vitalization,  

reversing  the  aging  process.    While  Samadhi  is  a  commonly  shared  experience  

among  Kriya  Yogis,  this  unique  attainment  is  more  rare  and  therefore  more  difficult  

to  corroborate  in  literature  and  direct  experience.    However,  it  has  been  suggested  

that  the  practice  of  kechari  mudra  aids  in  the  stimulation  and  release  of  this  

hormonal  “honey”.    M.G.  Satchidananda  elaborates,    “When  kundalini  awakens  and  reaches  the  sahasrara  chakra,  nirvikalpa  (unfluctuating)  samadhi,  the  highest  level  of  consciousness,  unfolds.    The  Siddhas  referred  to  this  as  the  union  of  Shiva  and  Parvati  Shakti,  in  which  the  seer,  the  seeing,  and  the  seen  merge  as  one.    The  body’s  two  poles  are  united  and  cosmic  consciousness  emerges.    The  aspirant  enjoys  heavenly  bliss  and  an  ambrosial  nectar  begins  to  secrete  into  the  blood  stream,  rejuvenating  cells  and  prolonging  life.”56    

  There  is  a  degree  of  boundless  optimism  in  this  literature  that  is  profoundly  

persuasive,  and  my  intuition  has  always  supported  the  hypothesis.    Direct  

experience  itself  has  served  as  valid  testimony  of  Kriya  history  and  philosophy;  at  

least  enough  to  provide  faith  in  the  form  of  intuitive  knowledge.    Although,  the  

complete  transformation  of  annamayakosha  unto  a  body  of  Light  seems  a  lofty  Goal;  

rather  than  the  more  common  procedure  of  simply  transcending  the  body,  

awakening  to  higher  realms.    But  anything  is  possible  by  God’s  Grace.    Kriya  Babaji  is  

known  to  have  a  golden  body  of  Light,  even  upon  bhuloka,  the  physical  earth.    The  

Siddhas  too  have  attained  this  exalted  Union.    Their  example  is  incomprehensible.        “After  experiencing  the  non-­‐dual  state  of  Absolute  Reality  in  Samadhi  in  the  spiritual  plane  of  existence,  this  divine  consciousness  and  the  sublime  energy  associated  with  it  descends,  permeates  and  rules  the  grosser  intellectual,  mental,  vital,  and  ultimately  the  physical  bodies.    Divine  qualities  and  genius  are  manifested  and  the  ego  consciousness  gradually  dissolves.    The  person  becomes  progressively  a  saint,  sage,  siddha  and  Mah  or  supreme  Siddha  as  the  Divinity  maniests.    Ultimately,  even  the  physical  cells  become  charged  with  incorruptibility  and  subject  to  this  new  

                                                                                                               56  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  163.  

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divine  consciousness.    The  physical  body  becomes  a  virtual  temple  of  God  radiating  a  characteristic  golden  hue.”57    

    Stories  abound  of  enlightened  Beings  whose  earthly  bodies  had  to  be  cared  

for  by  disciples  during  transcendental  states  of  Samadhi.    Ramana  Maharshi,  

Anandamayi  Ma,  Ramakrishna,  and  others  are  known  to  have  required  protective  

nurturing  while  absorbed  in  Union.    This  raises  questions  of  a  practical  nature  

regarding  the  intention  of  attaining  Samadhi  through  Kriya  Yoga.    How  will  our  

loved  one’s  know  that  we  have  not  “died”  in  the  conventional  sense?        “In  this  state,  the  breathing  and  the  heart  rate  may  cease  for  several  hours  or  even  days.    The  person  in  this  state  appears  to  be  dead,  but  if  one  opens  the  eyelids,  one  will  find  that  the  eyes  are  glowing  like  diamonds  with  pranic  energy.    Care  should  be  taken  to  protect  the  person  in  such  a  state  from  well  meaning  family  members  or  the  civil  authorities  who  may  want  to  bury  or  cremate  the  body.    If  the  person  in  the  Samadhi  state  has  not  come  back  by  the  twenty-­‐first  day,  one  should  gently  try  to  bring  the  person  back  to  physical  consciousness.    Beyond  twenty  one  days,  it  will  not  be  possible  to  bring  the  person  back  to  life.”58      

 Famously,  there  is  a  coroner’s  report  at  the  end  of  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi,  which  

states  Yogananda’s  body  did  not  decay  for  21  days  following  his  death,  and  that  the  

body  exuded  floral  aromas.59    But  the  message  here  is  one  of  safety  based  in  

knowledge  and  skill.    Kriya  Yoga  is  an  integral  practice  designed  to  purify  and  

transform  all  aspects  of  one’s  being,  through  all  seven  chakras  and  all  five  koshas.      

Practices  such  as  Karma  Yoga,  asana,  pranayama,  bandha  and  mudra  are  designed  to  

integrate  Self-­‐realization  with  the  physical  body.      

It  may  be  of  benefit  however  to  plan  with  a  degree  of  caution.  Are  we  being  

safe  with  Yoga?    Is  there  a  safe  place  to  practice,  and  to  attain  Samadhi?    Do  our  

family  members  understand  the  practice?    M.G.  Satchidananda,  says  that  it  is  the  

path  of  a  Kriya  Yogi  to  enter  Samadhi  repeatedly  until  the  experience  is  consistent  

and  stabilized.    With  empiricism  and  discernment,  evolving  through  the  ascending  

stages  of  Samadhi  can  occur  with  Self-­‐control,  and  therefore  safety.    Many  people  

believe  Yoga  can  be  dangerous,  but  it  is  my  belief  the  techniques  alone  are  not  

                                                                                                               57  Ibid,  167.  58  Govindan,  Babaji  and  the  18  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  166.  59  I  would  hate  to  buried  alive.  

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dangerous;  rather  they  provide  auspiciousness.    That  being  said,  as  union  with  

Isvara  is  inherent  to  Kriya  Yoga,  it  is  wise  to  make  humble  appeals  of  respect  and  

gratitude  to  the  Ishta  Deva  or  Sat-­Guru.    In  this  Light,  prayer  is  offered  in  service  to  

the  Master  on  behalf  of  all  beings.    Though  we  must  learn  to  act  without  expectation  

for  results,  there  is  yet  longing  for  Self-­‐realization,  and  we  ask  for  help.        

 

Even  as  meditation  releases  the  dynamic  action  of  pranayama,  Let  us  now  

move  past  the  rajasic  prose  and  turn  our  attention  to  the  sattva  of  poetry,  to  soothe  

our  nerves  in  patient  contemplation,  and  to  nurture  the  “Tranquility”  of  the  Heart.    

Slow  down.    Feel  the  bliss  of  breath.  If  you  control  the  breath  within,    However  old  your  body,    Young  and  crystal-­‐hard  it  turns  And  with  the  goodly  Guru’s  benign  Grace,    Well  may  you  become  lighter  than  air.”60    

Tirumular  shows  the  Master’s  benign  Will  can  support  the  yogi  who  masters  the  

breath  of  Siva  Yoga.    His  words  carry  bija,  the  power  of  Divine  seed,  as  blessing.        “Siva  yogins  are  they  that  the  seed  destroy;  Who,  in  waking  state,  the  pure  awareness  induce;    Who  in  harmony  unbroken,  achieve  the  tranced  breath  When  life,  senses,  body-­‐alike  simulate  death.”61      

May  we  awaken!  “Alternating  breath’s  course  from  left  to  right  and  vice  versa,    They  who  can  force  breath  through  spinal  Sushumna  Shall  know  tiring  none;    They  can  abolish  sleep  forever  And  attain  god-­‐awareness;  They  die  not;    Immortal  they  shall  be.”62        

May  the  Light  of  the  Sat-­‐Guru  shine  upon  your  path.      Inhalation,  Exhalation  and  Retention  both  ways    The  Science  of  Breath  thus  consisting  They  know  not;    

                                                                                                               60  Natarajan,  Tirumandiram,  verse  569.  61  Ganapathy,  The  Yoga  of  Tirumular,  152.  62  Ibid,  168.  

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They  who  know  the  Science  of  Breath  Are  destined  to  spurn  the  God  of  Death.63      

Jai  Siva!    

“As  fire,  Prana  burns;  as  the  sun,  he  shines;  as  cloud,  he  rains;  as  Indra,  he  rules  the  gods;  as  wind,  he  blows;  as  the  moon,  he  nourishes  all.    He  is  that  which  is  visible  and  also  that  which  is  invisible.    His  is  immortal  life.”64    

   Om  Kriya  Babaji  Nama  Aum          

                               Questions  or  Comments:    [email protected]    

   

                                                                                                               63  Natarajan,  Tirumandiram,  verse  571.  64  Prahbhavananda  and  Manchester,  The  Upanishads,  Prasna  Upanishad,  37.  

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Bibliography    Frawley,  David.  Yoga  and  Ayurveda,  Self  Healing  and  Self  Realization.    Twin  Lakes,    

Wisconsin:  Lotus  Press,  1999.    Ganapathy  T.N.,  and  K.R.  Arumugam.  The  Yoga  of  Siddha  Tirumular,  Essays  on  the    

Tirumandiram.  St.  Etienne  de  Bolton,  Quebec,  Canada:  Kriya  Yoga  Publications,  2006.    

Ganapathy,  T.N.,  The  Yoga  of  the  18  Siddhas,  An  Anthology.  St.  Etienne  de  Bolton,    Quebec,  Canada:  Kriya  Yoga  Publications,  2003.    

 Godman,  David.    Be  as  You  Are,  The  Teachings  of  Sri  Ramana  Maharshi,  London,    England:  Penguin  Books,  1985.  

 Govindan,  Marshall.    Kriya  Yoga  Sutras  of  Patanjali  and  the  Siddhas,  Translation,    

Commentary  and  practice,  St.  Etienne  de  Bolton,  Quebec,  Canada:  Kriya  Yoga  Publications,  2000.  

 Govindan,  Marshall.    Babaji  and  The  Eighteen  Siddha  Kriya  Yoga  Tradition,  St.Etienne    

de  Bolton,  Quebec,  Canada:  Kriya  Yoga  Publications,  1991.    Muktibodhananda,  Swami.    Hatha  Yoga  Pradipika,  Ganga  Darshan,  Munger  Bihar,    

India:  Yoga  Publications  Trust:  1985.    Natarajan,  Dr.  B.,  M.  Govindan.    Tirumandiram,  A  Classic  of  Yoga  and  Tantra  by    

Siddha  Thirumoolar.    St.  Etienne  de  Bolton,  Quebec,  Canada:  Kriya  Yoga    Publications,  1993.    

Prahbhavanand  and  Manchester.    The  Upanishads,  Breath  of  the  Eternal.    NY,  NY:    Signet  Classic,  2002.  

 Satyeswarananda  Giri.  The  Bhagavad  Gita,  Interpretations  of  Lahiri  Mahasay.    San    

Diego:  The  Sanskrit  Classics,  1991.      V.T.  Neelankantan,  S.A.A.  Ramaiah,  Babaji  Nagaraj.    The  Voice  of  Babaji,  A  Trilogy  on    

Kriya  Yoga.  St.  Etienne  de  Bolton,  Quebec,  Canada:  Kriya  Yoga  Publications,  2003.  

 Yogananda,  Paramhansa.    An  Autobiography  of  a  Yogi.  NY,  NY:  The  Philosophical    

Library,  1946        Yukteswar,  Swami  Sri.    The  Holy  Science.    Self  Realization  Fellowship:  Los  Angeles,    

1990.    

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