Microbiota Modulate Behavioral and Physiological Abnormalities Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Elaine Y. Hsiao, Sara W. McBride, Sophia Hsien et. al.

Presentation by: Juan Barrerahttp://i.huffpost.com/gen/889487/thumbs/h-BRAIN-960x540.jpg

Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by diminished brain function Disorders include

cognitive and physical irregularities.

Abnormalities in sociability, language, and communication are traits shared by several neurodevelopmental disorders.

http://www.eatright.org/uploadedImages/Your-Child-with-ASD.jpg

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a major problem

Autism diagnoses have increased to 1 in 88 births in the U.S. as of 2008.

Characterized by sociability and communication difficulties along with compulsive behavior.

Gastrointestinal distress (GI) could be linked to ASD Recent studies

have revealed altered motility and increased intestinal permeability on ASD patients.

Higher prevalence to GI disorders as compared with controls. http://exploreim.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/gastrointestinal.concept.male_-

320x320.jpg

Microbiota imbalance can lead to several disorders

Involved in human disorders such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.

Abnormalities in emotional, social, and anxiety behaviors.

Reported probiotic treatment could lead to therapies to treat symptoms.

MIA offspring display GI symptoms

Increased movement of FITC-dextran across intestine.

Decrease gene expression of tight junction proteins.

Indication of increased intestinal permeability.

Hsaio et al. (2013)

Figure 1. MIA Offspring Exhibit GI barrier Defects

Probiotic treatment reduces GI symptoms Treatment with Bacteroides fragilis. B.fragilis improves intestinal integrity.

Hsaio et al. (2013)

Figure 2. B. Fragilis Treatment Corrects GI Deficits

B.fragilis improves behavioral abnormalities MIA offspring do

not exhibit anxiety behavior.

Communication behavior is restored.

Retain abnormalities in social interactions.

Hsaio et al. (2013)

Figure 3. B. fragilis treatment improves ASD behavior

B.fragilis restores serum metabolites

Treatment completely restores 4-ethylphenylsulfate (4EPS) levels in serum.

Indolepyruvate serum levels brought down to control levels.

Hsaio et al. (2013)

Figure 4. B. fragilis treatment corrects 4EPS and indolepyruvate levels

Discussion MIA mouse model displays ASD symptoms. Gastrointestinal irregularities observed. Probiotic treatment with B.fragilis alleviated

GI symptoms, neurological abnormalities, and restored metabolites.

Gut-microbiome-brain connection and probiotic treatment findings may be used in a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Discussion More studies need to be conducted to

examine the role of serum metabolites. Reported occurrence of GI abnormalities

within ASD ranges from 9%-91%.Bacteroides fragilis

http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Bacteroides%20Fragilis&lang=1

Conclusion

This study provides a mechanism for probiotic use to improve ASD and GI disorders.

Referenceshttp://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Bacteroides%20Fragilis&lang=1http://exploreim.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/gastrointestinal.concept.male_-320x320.jpghttp://www.eatright.org/uploadedImages/Your-Child-with-ASD.jpghttp://i.huffpost.com/gen/889487/thumbs/h-BRAIN-960x540.jpg

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Buie, T., Campbell, D.B., Fuchs, G.J., 3rd, Furuta, G.T., Levy, J., Vandewater,J., Whitaker, A.H., Atkins, D., Bauman, M.L., Beaudet, A.L., et al. (2010). Evaluation,diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individualswith ASDs: a consensus report. Pediatrics 125 (Suppl 1), S1–S18.