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AN EMERGING MATERIAL FOR FUTURE TECHNOLOGY

Guided by Submitted By Prof. V. C. Renge Rohit D. Sahu

SEMINAR

ON

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Content

1) Introduction2) Properties of Graphene3) Synthesis4) Advantages and disadvantages5) Companies in the Graphene Space6) Applications 7) Conclusion8) Reference

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INTRODUCTION• Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar

sheet of carbon atoms.

• Graphite itself consists of many graphene sheets stacked together.

• It is an allotrope of carbon that are packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.

• Graphene is thin, transparent and flexible substance.

• It is the strongest material ever discovered.

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PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE C-C bond length is about 0.142nm. High tensile strength about 130GPa. It is 200 times stronger than steel. Graphene absorbs 2.3% of white light; i.e. it is almost

transparent. It is Very light material i.e. 0.77mg/sq. m which is 1000

times lighter than same size of paper. It is Hexagonal structural element of carbon allotropes. Graphene is the highly conductive material then silver and

copper.

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GRAPHEN : SYNTHESIS

Two basic technique used are :1. MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION (ME)2. CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITON(CVD)

Graphene layer formed using Scotch tape(ME)

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1. MECHANICAL EXFOLIATION (ME):Mechanical exfoliation separates different layers of graphene from a graphite. Adhesive tape is pressed onto the graphite and peeled away when some layers stick to the surface.This tape is pressed onto the surface of the target substrate. The tape is peeled off when the layer stick to the target surface.

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2.CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION : Chemical vapour deposition is a well known process in

which a substrate is exposed to gaseous compounds. These compounds decompose on the surface in order to grow a thinfilm . Graphene can be grown by exposing the copper foil to a gas i.e.CH4 at about 1000°C.The methane decomposes on the surface, so that the hydrogen evaporates. The carbon diffuses into cu foil. After cooling down in an atmosphere, a graphene layer grows on the surface. These graphene layers can be transferred via polymer support, which will be attached onto the top of the graphene. After etching the copper, the graphene can be stamped onto the required substrate and the polymer support gets peeled off.

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1000°C CH4 CONCENTRIC TUBE

c

H2

CABON IS DEPOSITED OVER THE CU. FOIL

Absence of Air

Cooling with N2

GRAPHEN IN CU. FOIL

H2

Flow sheet

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Fig. chemical vapour deposition

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HOW CVD IS DONE

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ADVANTAGES High heat conductivity, greater than copper and silver.

No heat loss or it gives 100% output.

It is transparent and lighter material.

Stronger than diamond & steel.

Can make very light weight parts for auto bodies.

Used to make batteries that recharge faster as compare to lithium-

ion battery.

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DISADVANTAGES

Single sheet of graphene is hard to produce. Research has proven that graphene exhibits some toxic.

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Companies in the Graphene Space NAME OF COMPANIES MKT CAPACITY

Applied Graphene Material Ltd. UK 34m Pound

Aixtron SE, Germany E800m

CVD Equipment Corp., US $61m

Graftech International, New York $1bn

Graphene Nanochem , UK E43m

Dongxu Optoelectronics, Beijing $100m

Talga Resources Ltd .,US $40m

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APPLICATION OF GRAPHENE• Solar panels• Water purifiction• Graphene battery• Super Capacitors• Automobile sector• Composites material for cars, airplanes, space shuttles, satellite.

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CONCLUSION1. The quality and availability of “Synthetic graphene”

will continue to improve.2. Science must have ample access to improve graphene

material & integrate it to the present day gadgets.

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REFERENCES1. Manufacturing of graphene using a

CVD method. Erik S. Polsen1,†, Daniel Q. McNerny1, B. Viswanath2,‡, Sebastian W. Pattinson2 & A. John Hart1,2

2. www.graphenia.com3. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene4. www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk5. www.graphenelabs.com6. www.graphene-info.com7. www.graphenebatteries.no/

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T H A N K

YO U