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DISUSUN OLEH :
BENY AULIA PUTRANTO L2E009009
ANALISA PERFORMA BOILER FEED WATER PUMP
1Seminar Kerja Praktek
Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
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OUT LINE PENDAHULUAN
PROFIL PT. PLN PERSERO SEKTOR
PEMBANGKITAN OMBILIN
DASAR TEORI
ANALISA PERFORMA BOILER FEED WATER PUMP
KESIMPULAN
2
Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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PENDAHULUAN
3
Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Seminar Kerja Praktek
Tujuan :
1. Mempelajari prinsip kerja suatu pembangkit listrik, khususnya PLTU.
2. Mengetahui prinsip kerja alat Boiler Feed Water Pump.
3. Menganalisa performa Boiler Feed Water Pump.
Waktu dan Tempat KP
Waktu : 24 Januari - 24 Februari 2012
Tempat : PT PLN (Persero) Pembangkitan Sumbagsel,
Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Jl. M. Yamin, SH, Talawi, Sawahlunto – Sumatera BaratBatasan Masalah :
1. Penjelasan umum profil PT. PLN (Persero) Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
2. Analisa performa Boiler Feed Water Pump
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Tugas pokok PT.PLN (Persero) Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin mengoperasikan pembangkit
yang terdiri dari PLTU Ombilin unit I dan unit II serta PLTG Pauh Limo, yang semuanya
untuk melayani kebutuhan energi listrik sistem kelistrikan SumBagTeng dan SumBagSel.
No. Uraian Peralatan Kapasitas Mulai Operasi
1. PLTU unit I 100 MW 26 Agustus 1996
2. PLTU unit II 100 MW 18 November 1996
3. PLTG Pauh Limo 3 x 21,35 MW 10 September 1983
PROFIL PT. PLN PERSERO SEKTOR PEMBANGKITAN OMBILIN
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
PT. PLN PERSERO SEKTOR PEMBANGKITAN OMBILIN
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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SIKLUS KERJA PLTU OMBILIN
6
Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Pompa merupakan salah satu
jenis mesin fluida yang berfungsi
untuk memindahkan zat cair dari
suatu tempat ke tempat yang
diinginkan
Pengertian
DASAR TEORI
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Bagian-Bagian Utama Pompa Sentrifugal
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Head Pompa
Keterangan :
Hs = Head Suction (m)
Ps = Tekanan suction (N/m2)
Pa = Tekanan atmosfer di atas permukaan cairan (N/m2)
Zs = Jarak permukaan air dengan nozzle suction pompa (m)
Hls = Head loss sisi suction (m)
Vs = Kecepatan cairan pada pipa suction (m/s)
ρ = Massa jenis cairan (kg/m3)
Head Suction
Hs = = ± Zs – hls – Ps
ρgPs
ρg
Vs2
2g
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Keterangan :
Hd = Head discharge (m)
Pd = Tekanan discharge (N/m2)
Pa = Tekanan atmosfer di atas permukaan cairan (N/m2)
Zd = Jarak permukaan air dengan nozzle discharge pompa (m)
Hld = Head loss sisi discharge (m)
Vd = Kecepatan cairan pada pipa discharge (m/s)
ρ = Massa jenis cairan (kg/m3)
Head Discharge
Hd =
= ± Zd – hld –
Pd ρg
Pd
ρgVd2
2g
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Keterangan :
Pd = Tekanan discharge (N/m2)
Ps = Tekanan suction (N/m2)
Hz = Tinggi kenaikan statis (m)
ΣHs = Rugi pada sisi isap
ΣHd = Rugi pada sisi tekan
Vd = Kecepatan cairan pada pipa discharge (m/s)
Vs = Kecepatan cairan pada pipa suction (m/s)
ρ = Massa jenis cairan (kg/m3)
Head Total
H = + Hz + ΣHs + ΣHd
+
(Pd – Ps)ρg(Vd2 – Vs2)
2g
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Daya Motor
P = √3 VI cos ø
Keterangan :
P = Daya pompa (watt)
V = Tegangan (volt)
I = Kuat arus (A)
Cos ø = Faktor daya
Daya Pompa
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Daya Fluida
Pf = ρ ˣ g ˣ H ˣ Q
Keterangan :
Pf = Daya fluida (watt)
Q = Kapasitas yang dihasilkan pompa (m3/s)
H = Head total (kg/m3)
g = Percepatan grafitasi
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Keterangan :
Ŋ = Efisiensi (%)
Pf = Daya fluida (watt)
P = Daya pompa (watt)
Efisiensi Pompa
ŋ = x 100%Pf
P
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
ANALISA PERFORMA
BOILER FEED WATER PUMP
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Discharge Suction
Komponen
• Motor
•Kopling
•Pompa
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Spesifikasi Pompa
Manufaktur : Weir Pumps Ltd
Serial number : 13192-001/006
Type : Barrel Casing
No of stage : 8
Liquid pump : Feed Water
Capacity : 252 m3/h
Suction temperatur : 1570C
Specific grafity : 0.91
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Differential head : 1405 m
Efficiency : 81.5 %
Tekanan suction : 5 bar
Tekanan discharge : 165 bar
Power absord of duty : 1125 kW
Speed : 2980 rpm
Laju aliran minimum : 70 m3/h
Diameter Nominal Suction : 154.08 mm
Diameter Nominal Discharge : 139.76 mm
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Manufacture : GEC Alsthom Large Machine Ltd
Serial number : J74025501-06
Rated Output : 1300 kW
Electrical Supply : 6600 V, 3 Ph, 50 Hz
No of poles : 2
Type : Squirrel Cage
Temperature Rise : 80oC
Protection : IP 56
Full load current : 147 A
Spesifikasi Motor Penggerak
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Head Total
H =
=
= 1630 m
(Pd – Ps)ρg
(165 – 5) 105
1000 x 9.81
Perhitungan Spesifikasi
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Daya Fluida
Pf = H ˣ Q ˣ ρ ˣ g
= 1630 x 0.07 x 1000 x 9.81
= 1119 kW
Efisiensi Pompa
ŋ = x 100%
= x 100% = 99%
Pf
P
11191125
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Head Total
H =
=
= 1403 m
(Pd – Ps)ρg
(142.87 – 5.14) 105
1000 x 9.81
Perhitungan Sebelum Overhaul September 2011
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Daya Fluida
Pf = H x Q x ρ x g
= 1403 x 0.07 x 1000 x 9.81
= 963 kW
Efisiensi Pompa
ŋ = x 100%
= x 100% =
85.6%
Pf
P
9631125
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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25
Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Head Total
H =
=
= 1507 m
(Pd – Ps)ρg
(153 – 5.1) 105
1000 x 9.81
Perhitungan Setelah Overhaul September 2011
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Daya Fluida
Pf = H x Q x ρ x g
= 1507 x 0.07 x 1000 x 9.81
= 1034 kW
Efisiensi Pompa
ŋ = x 100%
= x 100% = 92%
Pf
P
10341125
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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27
Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Dari perhitungan didapat hasil head total boiler feed water pump pada data yang diambil
dari comisioning yaitu 1630 m dengan efisiensi sebesar 99%. Hal ini berbeda pada Differential
Head pada spesifikasi pompa yang mungkin disebabkan karna pada perhitungan head total, head
losses dianggap nol.
Sedangkan head total boiler feed water pump sebelum overhaul September 2011 dapat
diketahui sebesar 1403 m dan efisiensi pompa sebesar 85,6%. Dapat kita lihat terjadi penurunan
performa pompa yang mungkin disebabkan oleh kegagalan supply listrik pada motor, vibrasi,
kebocoran pada wearing ring dan mechanical seal, serta factor- factor lainnya.
Sedangkan head total boiler feed water pump yang didapat setelah dilakukan overhaul
adalah 1507 m dengan efisiensi pompa sebesar 92%. Dengan dilakukannya perbaikan pada
komponen-komponen pompa serta clearance pompa, maka akan meninkatkan performa dari
pompa boiler feed water pump itu sendiri.
Analisa Perhitungan
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Spesifikasi
Head 1630 m
Efisiensi 99%
Sebelum Overhaul September 2011
Head 1403 m
Efisiensi 85.6%
Setelah Overhaul September 2011
Head 1507 m
Efisiensi 92%
KESIMPULAN
1. Boiler Feed Water Pump adalah pompa yang digunakan untuk mengalirkan air umpan boiler
yang di suplai dari deaerator
2. Dari data yang ada, maka didapat hasil sebagai berikut
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
3. Pompa mengalami penurunan performa setelah lama digunakan, hal ini
disebabkan terjadinya keausan komponen, getaran, kavitasi, dan lain-lain.
4. Performa tersebut dapat dikembalikan dengan dilakukannya overhaul
( penggantian komponen- komponen yang telah aus/ rusak serta perbaikan
clearance)
Seminar Kerja Praktek
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Mechanical Engineering DepartmentDiponegoro UniversityProf. H. Sudarto, S.H Street Tembalang _ Semarang Postcode 50275 Phone. (024) 7460059 Fax. (024) 7460059
PT. PLN (Persero)Sektor Pembangkitan Ombilin
Seminar Kerja Praktek
TERIMA KASIH