Seminar July 2012 – Waldo Pigs
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Transcript of Seminar July 2012 – Waldo Pigs
Dr. Thomas E. Socha
Largest Duroc Breeder Most Litters recorded each Year More Genetic Diversity than other Duroc
Breeders Continually out perform other Duroc
breeders▪ National Barrow show▪ Other NPPC tests
Six A.I. Centers use only Waldo Duroc or Duroc Cross terminal sires
Use pooled semen for commercial producers
Approximately 1,000 boars per yearLarge producers use only Waldo
boars in their private A. I. centers
Several National Tests have proven Waldo’s are the best
Best for Growth RateBest for Feed EfficiencyBest at National Barrow Show based
on the performance of their OffspringHave been Tested against other
Durocs, PIC, Danbred and other companies
Herds Originated from Caesarean derived pigs
Herd additions are by lab or A.I. onlyNo live pigs are brought into the
Nucleus herdsContinual Blood Testing and
Slaughter inspections
Growth RateFeed EfficiencyCarcass Lean PercentageMeat QualityBody ConformationContinual Selection for Economically
Important Traits
Duroc are fastest growing of all pigs
York and Landrace are the fastest growing of York and Landrace in the U.S. Based on data from National Swine
Registry
Fewer Days for getting to Market weight
From 30kg to Market – Groups average daily gains are .8 - .9 kg / day
Reduce the amount of Finisher Space Needed At .6kg per day you need space for 121 days At .8kg per day you need space for 91 days
Results from Rapid Lean Growth Growth Rate and Leanness are related to
Efficiency by 30% Saving 10% in Feed Usage can result in
90rmb per pig or 810-900rmb per litter This is worth more than getting 2 more
pigs per litter Best way to DECREASE production costs
Presently most pigs are at 3.0 feed conversion Waldo pigs can be 2.7 – 2.8 conversion Save .3kg of feed for each kg of pig weight 100 kg pig will save 30 kg of feed At 3rmb per kg of feed (3 X 30 = 90rmb) Each litter has 9-10 pigs (810 – 900rmb / litter) 2 extra pigs / litter 350rmb (175rmb / pig) Improved feed efficiency is more important than
increasing litter size
By the U.S. system Waldo Pigs average 56 – 60 % lean This is at 130-140 kg
This is considered the ideal lean percentage for commercial pigs Pigs that are too lean cause problems in
skinning and in having thin bellies
Started testing 1992High pH ValuesHigh Intramuscular Fat PercentageGood Color Scores (Visual & Minolta)Thick Belly Walls that are FirmExcellent Meat Flavor
Proper feet and leg structure for longevity
Higher percent of high value cuts Loin, Ham and Belly
Ability to grow fast and stay lean at heavier weight which may become more important in China than what is considered today
Growth rate, Leanness, and litter size Have proven Continual Genetic
improvement over the last twenty years Customers can be assured that the
Genetics they get in the future will be improved above the current Genetics
Changes made in the selection techniques over time will reflect what is best for the swine industry
Many factors are used to produce the best pigs
Waldo pigs in China will follow the same procedures as those used in the U.S.
Many of the procedures have been used for over 40 years in the U.S.
Data collected on over 95% of all pigs raised on the farm
Growth rate and backfat -1960Litter traits added 1980Loin size added 1992
Need to test as Many pigs as possible to find the very BEST
Methods must be as easy as possible to help get the job done Could be testing 300 pigs per week At 60 pigs/ hour – 5hours per week
Need to Adjust all Records to a Standard Backfat at 100kg Days to 100kg Loin size at 100kg Litter weaning weights at 21 or 28 Days
The Most Important item in a Selection program is MAKING GENETIC improvement
A Consistent program must be followed over time
When Methods of Evaluation, testing procedures and Indexes are decided, they should not change for at least 5 years
Re-evaluation of all procedures is required every 5-10 years
Boars
Gilts – Top 25%
+1 +2 +3 +4
-4 -3 -2 -1
mean
Growth- heritability = .35 Days to market - standard deviation = 10 days Feed efficiency
Leanness – heritability = .50 Backfat – standard deviation = 2.0 mm Loin eye size
Reproduction – heritability = .20 Number of pigs born and raised – standard deviation =
2.0 pigs
Days to market 1979-160 days to 100 kg 2009-148 days to 115 kg About 1 day per year improvement
Backfat 1979-20mm at 100 kg 2009-14mm at 115 kg About 0.3 mm decrease per year
Requires Labor and DedicationLitter Birth weightsNumber Born Alive21 Day litter weightsNumber at 21 DaysWeight, Backfat, Loin Size at about
140-150 daysMeat Quality Traits
Sow Productivity Index (SPI) In Herdsman program (sow index) Litter birth weight Number born alive 21 day litter weight Survival at 21 daysUsed for evaluating and culling sows
Terminal Breeds – used for sire side Growth rate 50% Leanness 30% Litter traits 20% (SPI values)
Maternal Breeds – Used for female side Litter Traits 40% (SPI values) Growth rate 40% Leanness 20%
Selection Keeping the best animals▪ Boars▪ Gilts
Culling Sell poorest animals▪ Performance of Offspring▪ Reproduction of females
Rank each sex by their breed index after testing - most important part of selection
Determine how many of each sex must be selected
Evaluate 200% of needed boars-phenotype If we need 2, we select the top 4 to evaluate
Evaluate 150% of needed gilts-phenotype If we need 20, we select the top 30 to evaluate
Length of body Loin Width Levelness of the top Levelness of rump Width of hams
Too large can affect the ability to move or to decrease longevity in breeding system
Too small can reduce overall leanness and decrease high quality meat cuts
Depth of chest
Genetic Change = Selection intensity X heritability X standard deviation
Change per Year = Genetic Change / generation interval Age of parents when replacements are
born
Ideally the generation interval should be about 1.50 -1.75 years
We need to make genetic progress, so we need to turn generations as quickly as possible
Boars should generally be used for 9 – 12 months
Females should generally be used to produce 2 -3 litters
If we keep the same animals around for three years we make no progress during that time
We expect the next generation to be better than the last if we are selecting properly
Cull boars based on breeding percentage, offspring performance and feet and legs
Females should be culled based upon SPI
values and for injury problems Should cull 20% of each group weaned Each female will farrow 2.4 times / year This will mean culling 50% per year
Breeder herd progress
Buyer herd
Generations of Breeding
One generation behind
Maternal Effects Litter size Milking Ability York and Landrace
Terminal Effects Growth Rate Feed Efficiency Duroc is the Best
Advantages of crossbred pigs Heterosis effects – greatest for traits
with lower heritabilitiesTwo breed gilts
One extra pig born – Y=11.9, L=11.8; then Y X L = 11.85 + 1 =12.85
Three breed market hogs 100% heterosis = 7 days faster to
market
If all replacements come from Nucleus herd
Maternal traits Must produce Must raise pigs
Culling 15% in each group Annual culling about 35-40%
Rations need to have all essential ingredients Protein Energy Vitamins Minerals
Testing of PigsAll Pigs have performance dataTested at 100 kg (120-130 kg)GrowthBack fatLoin eye areaUltra sound equipment
Aloka 500
Mr. Fu, owner of Liuma-Waldo JV farm at Beijing
Need five or six different rations Starter feed N1 (10 – 15 kg) N2 (15 – 30 kg) F1 (30 – 70 kg) F2 (70 – 100 kg)
Feed Full Feed (ad-lib) until 120kg
Limit Feed from 120 kg to breeding 2.5 kg per day Want gilts to gain 450 grams per day
Increase feed two weeks before breeding Flushing effect to improve litter size
Limit feed from breeding to 100days 2.5 kg per day
Feed 0 kg on day they farrow
Bring up to full feed York and Landrace – about 5 days▪ Increase 1.5 kg per day
Duroc – about 7 days▪ Increase 1.0 kg per day
Weight loss in Lactation- 18 – 20 kg
Protein
Milk
Body
Reproduction
Farrowing House Fill in one week
Nursery Fill in 1 – 2 weeks Can be from 2 farrowing rooms
Finisher Fill with 1 – 2 weeks ages
Must circulate and change air
Sow Housing And Finishing Cool Season – use natural ventilation Hot Season – use tunnel ventilation with
cool cells
Farrowing and Nursery Use multiple inlets with fan exhaust Could have cool cell for hot weather