A SEMINAR ON CAPSULE CAMERA ENDOSCOPY

Prepared by: RONAK H. VASAVATUSHAR J. GUJARATI

Guided by:MISS. MAITRI H. DAVE

ENDOSCOPY The word is derived

form Greek “Endo” meaning ‘Inside’ and “Scopy” meaning ‘See’.

Using an instrument to visually examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity.

METHODS OF ENDOSCOPY

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

Gastroscopy Colonoscopy

MAIN METHOD

OTHER METHODS X-Rays CT Scans MRI Surgery

PROBLEMS USING ABOVE TECHNIQUES

Patient feel discomfort by above mentioned techniques.

Difficult to diagnose the small intestine disorders.

Patient get infection. The endoscopy may puncture the organs. Allergic reaction due to contrast agents and

dyes in CT scan.

SOLUTION “THE CAPSULE CAMERA” Capsule camera can easily diagnose

the small intestine disorders. The capsule containing camera used

for endoscopy. It is the noninvasive type device

known capsule endoscopy developed by Israel’s for the diagnostic purpose.

A small capsule which is not a medication, but rather a single use video color-imaging capsule that hold a microscopic camera gives doctors with better picture of the small bowel than standard X-rays.

EXAMINATION SET Capsule

Sensor Array.

Data Recorder

Belt

RAPID Workstation

FEATURES Size :2.5 cm long and 1.1 cm

wide Dimension :11 mm * 26 mm Weight : 4 gm Frame Rate : 2 images/second Magnification : 8x Capsule coating : non-adherent Power Source : Battery. 50,000 images are obtained during an 8 hour

exam Disposable.

INSIDE A CAPSULE CAMERA

5 7

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

FUNCTIONS Optical Dome: Allows tissue to be in

focus even if they are to be in contact. Lens: Used to increase the Depth of the

field. CMOS Image Sensor: Detects the

images. White LEDs: To illuminate the area

around the capsule. Batteries: Power the capsule. ASIC Transmitter: Allows the integration

of video transmitter of sufficient Power output , Efficiency, bandwidth of small size into capsule.

SENSOR ARRAY Several Wires are

attached to the abdomen like ECG leads to obtain images by radio frequency.

These wires are connected to a lightweight data recorder worn on a belt.

Used to calculate and indicate the position of capsule in the body.

DATA RECORDER Data recorder receives and

records signals transmitted by the camera to an array of sensor placed on the patient’s body.

It is of the size of walkman It recieves and stores

50000 to 60000 JPEG images on a 9 GB hard drive

Images take several hours to download through serial connection.

BELT A patient wear a

receiver belt around his or her waist over clothing

A belt is applied around the waist and holds a recording device and a battery pack

RAPID WORKSTATION Reporting and

Processing of Images and Data

Image data from the data recorder is downloaded to a computer equipped with software called RAPID Application software.

Helps to convert images into a movie and allows the doctor to view the color 3D images.

PROCEDURE Over night 12 hour fast Sensors placed on patient Patient wears a belt that contains a battery

pack and data recorder. Patient ingests capsule around 8am Patient may have clears two hours after

ingestion The patient goes about his or her daily

routine while the capsule passes painlessly through the GI tract.

Patient returns 7-8 hours later After Downloading images,doctor can view

the 3D images and diagnose the problem Capsule Exerts in a normal way,so it is

disposable

ADVANTAGESo Painless, no side affects or complication.o Miniature size, so can move easily through

the digestive system.o Accurate, precise & low power consumption.o Image taken are of very high quality which

are sent almost instantaneous to the recorder for storage.

o Made of bio compatible material, doesn’t cause any harm to the body.

DISADVANTAGE Gastrointestinal obstructions and swallowing

disorder prevent free flow of capsule through the digestive system.

Patients with pacemakers, pregnant women and all pediatrics have to be monitored continuosly while taking the capsule.

The M2A procedure is not a replacement for Colonoscopy.

Very expensive. It is not reusable.

CONCLUSION The Given® M2A Endoscopy capsule is a

pioneering concept for Medical Technology of the 21st century.

The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entire small intestine.

It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imaging to a great extent and has proved to be of great help to physicians all over the world.

ANIMATION

DISCUSSION

Questions ?