Seminar Bushra
-
Upload
ghulam-mustafa -
Category
Documents
-
view
242 -
download
0
Transcript of Seminar Bushra
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
1/39
1
Analytical techniques for determination
of Sudan dyes I IV in food matrixesPresented By:
Bushra IshfaqReg # 2003 ag 1755Supervisor:
Prof. Dr Faqir Muhammad Anjum
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
2/39
2
Con
tents
IntroductionApplicationsHealth effectsAnalytical methods Extractiontechniques Detection methods
ConclusionReferences
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
3/39
3
Sudan dyes
Synthetic Azo dyesSudan dyes
Sudan I IV
Sudan Red B Sudan Red 7 B Sudan Red G
Sudan Orange G Sudan Black Dimethyl Yellow
Para Red
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
4/39
4
General applications
Coloration of diesel oil and fuel oilColoration of wax products
(e.g. shoe polish, candles)Production of ball-point pen ink In solvents
Household commoditiesTextile and leather
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
5/39
5
Back ground
In 2003 in ground capsicumsIn 2004 in unrefined palmoils
In 2005 in Worcester sauceCountries of origin: India, Turkey, Pakistan,
Egypt (for raw spices) Ghana, Nigeria, West
Africa (for palm oil)(Rebane et al ., 2010)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
6/39
6
Food applications
Illegally used as food additives particularly Chilli containing foods Palm oil containing foodstuffs Frozen meat products Spice mixtures Seasonings
Curry products
(Hea et al ., 2007)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
7/39
7
In duck and hen feed To enhance the egg yolks colour
(Hea et al., 2007)
Food applications
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
8/39
8
Synthetic dyes High stability to light,
oxygen and pH Colour uniformity Low microbiological
contamination Low production cost
Natural colours Less stable Not uniform Less bright Expensive
Why use?
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
9/39
9
Health effects
Toxicology: Degradation products are considered Carcinogens Teratogens
Sudan I: Genotoxic and carcinogen Tumours in liver or urinary bladder
Sudan II IV: Potentially genotoxic and possiblycarcinogenicSudan III cause allergic reactions
(Li et al ., 2007)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
10/39
10
Analysis of Sudan dyes
Extraction
Detection
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
11/39
11
Extraction techniques
1) Solid phase extraction (SPE) Molecularly imprinted
polymers for solid phase
extraction (MISPE)2) Liquid phase microextraction (LPME)
U-shaped hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (U-shaped HF-LPME)
Dual solvent-stir barsmicroextraction (DSSBME)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
12/39
12
Extraction techniques
3) Cloud point extraction (CPE)
4) Ultrasonic assisted extraction (USE)5) Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
13/39
13
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
14/39
14
1) SPESolid sorbent (extracting phase)Sample matrix (liquid phase )Sorption depends on Sample volume
Sorbent massApplication
Product LOD (ppb)
Tomato sauce 0.1 1.67Chilli products 1Chilli powder 100 500
(Stevens et al ., 2008)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
15/39
15
i) MISPEPolymer structureUsed
On line
Off-lineApplication
Product LOD (ppb)
Red chilli pepper 100 500
(Puoci et al ., 2005)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
16/39
16
2) LPMEPartition between
Bulk aqueous phaseSmall volume of organic solvent
It integratesExtractionConcentrationSample introduction for detection
(Yu et al ., 2008)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
17/39
17
i) U-shaped HF-LPME
To increase interface area
Fiber in U shapeCentrifugation is necessary
(Yu et al ., 2008)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
18/39
18
Product LOD (ppb)
Chilli sauce 2.5
Capsicurm oil 2.5
Chilli oil sauce 6.2
Strawberry sauce 5.4
Application
(Yu et al ., 2008)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
19/39
19Setup of (a) DSSBME and (b) U-shaped HF LPME.
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
20/39
20
ii) DSSBME
Derived from HF-LPMETwo times faster
More stableRequires less aqueous solution
(Yu et al., 2008)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
21/39
21
Application
Product LOD (ppb)
Salted egg 3.2
Chilli oil sauce 4.8
Strawberry sauce 1.6
(Yu et al ., 2008)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
22/39
22
3) CPE
Surfactant-mediated phase separationLess toxic surfactants
Application
Product LOD (ppb)
Chilli powder 2 4
(Liuet al
., 2007)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
23/39
23
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
24/39
24
4) USE
Product LOD (ppb)
Hot chilli 5000
Hot chilli powder 5
High frequency ultrasound
Application
(Meiju et al ., 2007)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
25/39
25
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
26/39
26
5) PLE
High temperature results in Solubility Diffusion rate
High pressure keeps Solvent below its boiling point
(Pardo et al ., 2009)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
27/39
27
Application
Product LOD (ppb)
Chilli tomato sauces 0.006Chilli powder 0.002
Curry powder 0.006
(Pardo et al ., 2009)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
28/39
28
Detection methods
1) Liquid chromatography2) Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS)3) Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)4) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)5) Capillary electrophoresis6) Plasmon resonance light scattering (PRLS)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
29/39
29
1) Liquid chromatography (LC)
Ultra-violet visible (UV vis) absorbance Photodiode array (PDA) Mass-spectrometric detector (MSD)
Ionization technique used in LC MS Electrospray ionization (ESI) Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
(APCI)
(Rebane et al., 2010)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
30/39
30
Conti By LC UV in egg
Limit of detection (LOD) 4.0 4.8g kg1 Limit of quantification (LOQ) 12.3 13.8g
kg1
By LC PDA in chilli powder LOD 200 ppb
(Cornet et al., 2006)2) By GC MS in egg
LOQ 2.0 4.2g kg1(Hea et al., 2007)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
31/39
31
3) UPLC MSD
In duck egg yolk LOD 1.8 2.1 ppb
In Tomato sauce LOD 0.1 1.67 ppb
(Li et al., 2009)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
32/39
32
4) ELISAs
Polyclonal antibody (pAb)(Dan et al ., 2007 )
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)
In Tomato sauce, sausage and chilli sauce LOD 0.07 0.14 ppb
(Wang et al ., 2009)
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
33/39
33
Conclusion
Solid liquid extraction is dominating sample preparation procedure
Supplemented by USE and PLELC UV vis and LC MS dominating methods
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
34/39
34
References
Cornet V, Govaert Y, Moens G, Loco JV, Degroodt JM(2006) Development of a fast analytical method for thedetermination of Sudan dyes in chilli and currycontaining foodstuffs by high performance liquidchromatography photodiode array detection. J Agric
Food Chem 54: 639 645.Dan H, Yu M, Knopp D, Niessner R, Deng AP (2007)Assay of Sudan I contamination of foodstuff atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem massspectrometry and isotope dilution. J Agric Food Chem55: 6424 6428.Hea L, Sub Y, Fang B, Shen X, Zenga Z, Liu Y (2007)Determination of Sudan dye residues in eggs by liquidchromatography and gas chromatography mass
spectrometry. Anal Chimica Acta 594: 139 146.
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
35/39
35
Li C, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wu YL (2009) Atmospheric pressure photoionization: An ionization method for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal ChemChromatogr 70: 311 319.Li L, Gao HW, Ren JR, Chen L, Li YC, Zhao JF, ZhaoHP, Yuan Y (2007) Development and optimization of ananalytical method for the determination of Sudan dyes
in hot chilli pepper by highperformance liquidchromatography with on-line electrogenerated BrO-luminol chemiluminescence detectio. BMC Struct Biol7: 418 424.Liu W, Zhao WJ, Chen JB, Yang MM (2007)Surfactant-mediated extraction technique usingalkyltrimethylammonium surfactants. Extraction of selected chlorophenols from river water. Anal ChimActa 41: 605 612.
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
36/39
36
Meiju D, Xiaogang G, Zihao Z, Shouguo W (2007)Determination of banned Sudan dyes in chilli powder
by capillary electrophoresis. J Food Chem 105: 883 889.Pardo O, Yus V, Len N, Pastor A (2009) An acid-induced phase cloud point separation approach usinganionic surfactants for the extraction and
preconcentration of organic compounds. Talanta 78:178 183.Puoci F, Garreffa C, Lemma F, Muzzalupo R,Spizzirri UG, Picci N (2005) Molecularly imprintedsolid phase extraction for detection of sudan I in foodmatrices. J Food Chem 93: 338 349.
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
37/39
37
Rebane R, Leito I, Yurchenko S, Herodes K (2010) Areview of analytical techniques for determination of Sudan I IV dyes in food matrixes. J Chromatogra A1217: 2747 2757.Stevens JM, Crawford M, Robinson G (2006) TotallyAutomated Method for the Determination of Sudan Dyesin Food Via On-line Filtration, SPE and HPLC analysis.Gilson Application Note, Available athttp://www.gilson.com/ (accessed 17.08.09).Wang Y, Dapeng W, Hong Y, Yuan Y, Weiwe X, YuanL, Anping D (2009) Development of a highly sensitiveand specific monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Sudan I infood samples. Talanta 77: 1783 1789.
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
38/39
38
Yu C, Liu Q, Lan L, Hu B (2008) Separation of Sudan dyes by reverse-phase high performance liquid
chromatography through statistically designedexperiments. J Chromatogra 124: 1182 1188.
-
7/22/2019 Seminar Bushra
39/39