Seminar

SCADA SYSTEM IN POWER STATION

PRESENTED BY-FAZLE MASOOD ANSARIKHURSHID EKBALSK FAIZAN QUADRI

SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition

CONTENTS:

• Introduction• Why SCADA is used?• Where SCADA is used ?• Components of SCADA• Applications

SCADA System in Power Plants• How SCADA works• Advantages and disadvantages• New Trends in SCADA• Conclusion • References


Introduction:SCADA is “Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition”. Real-time industrial process control systems used to centrally monitor and control remote or local industrial equipment such as motors, valves, pumps, relays, sensors, etc.SCADA is Combination of telemetry and Data Acquisition.

SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. It’s a concept,it’s a system as a combination of special hardware, software and protocols.

SCADA is used to control chemical plant processes, oil and gas pipelines, electrical generation and transmission equipment, manufacturing facilities, water purification and distribution infrastructure, etc.


Why SCADA is needed ?

The Ability to Remotely collect different plants on different places.

The Ability to control process from a distance.

The Ability to create logs and reports about system’s current and past state.

The Ability to send necessary information to Engineers and operators in real-time using Instant Messaging and SMS.


Where SCADA is used ?

- Electrical generation/distribution,- Natural gas distribution- Fuel Oil storage & flow- Water storage & flow - Lighting- Heating, cooling, ventilation- Fire alarms & suppression- Elevators & escalators- Gates & doors, alarms- Video security cameras - Traffic signals- Process Line Control


Components of SCADA:

1. Human Machine Interface (HMI): It is process and display units from where the data is process and displayed to the operator for monitoring and control by human.

2. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) Send control and monitoring data to MTU. (could be a PLC)

3. Master Terminal Unit (MTU)The Master Station gathering information from RTUs, Monitoring and processing, sending necessary control actions to RTUs.


4. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)PLCs are more versatile than RTUs and do the job of RTUs and also control the process when command receive from supervisory control.

5. Communication SystemThese are the software protocols used for transferring the data from

the supervisory control to RTU and vice-versa.

6. Supervisory ControllerThis is the master controller of the System which receives the data

from RTUs and PLCs, monitors the data, process the data display data to operator via HMI or MMI and gives command signal to RTUs and PLCs to carry out certain operation.


Central Monitoring Unit

CommunicationsNetwork

Sensor

Sensor

Programmable Logic Controller

Sensor

Fiber, Radio, Modem,Microwave, Telephone, Wireless, Powerline Carrier

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

RTU

RTU


SCADA System in Power Plants

• Electrical SCADA system in power plant is located in two control locations; Switch yard Control Room, and respective Main Control Room.

• In Switch yard Control Room SCADA system is to monitor and control of high voltage transmission lines (400kV/220kV) from switch yard control room through Man Machine Interface (MMI) of the electrical SCADA system. Man machine Interface (MMI)is a Video Display Units which display diagrams, bar charts,analog trends, tabular designs etc to display parameters such as voltages, currents, etc.

APPLICATIONS


• The control of main transformers in the power plant such as Generation transformer used for step up the generation voltage from the generator and Station transformer used for deriving the power during plant star up and control of circuit breaker in plant is done through the Man Machine Interface

• Important auxiliaries like Battery system, UPS systems, Diesel Generators are also monitored and important alarm annunciations and window annunciations are provided at the Main Control Room.


HOW IT WORKS


RING MAIN POWER GRID SYSTEM

• FIVE CONSUMER AND THREE POWER PLANT CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER AND RING MAIN SYSTEM

• AMONG POWER PLANTS TWO ARE RELATED WITH NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

• ONE IS CONNECT WITH CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY LIKE THERMAL POWER PLANT

• RING MAIN IS CONTROLLED BY SCADA SYSTEM

• RING MAIN system PROVIDE UN-INTRRUPTED AND LOW COST POWER SUPPLY


CONTROL• SIX POWER TRANSISTOR

• ONE RTU UNIT

• HYDRO POWER PLANT

• SOLAR POWER PLANT

• THERMAL POWER PLANT

• FIELD RELAYS


OVER LOAD CONDITION

If there is over load appears on the grid then over loadrelay will be activate and RTU send the information to themaster. Master performs data processing and sends thecontrol command to the RTU to start power generationaccordingly and also activates the respective alarm.


LOW LOAD CONDITION

If the low load is appear on the grid then under load relaywill be activated and RTU send the information to themaster. Master performs data processing and sends thecontrol command to the RTU to shut down the powergeneration accordingly and also activates the respectivealarm.


Advantages

• Standard frame for application • Rich functionality (50 - 100 p-yrs investment)• Reliability and Robustness (very large installed base, mission

critical processes)• Limited specific development• Technical support and maintenance• Wide area connective and pervasive and routable • integration of I.T to automation and monitoring net works;

standardization; • reduce down time;• limit the frequency of accidents


Disadvantages

• it include IP performance over head.

• web enabled SCADA hosts users to remotely monitor, control remote sites via a web browser

• security concerns.

• SCADA System administrators gets a false sense of security since they assume that the end devices are protected by the non-corporate network connections.


New Trends in SCADA

- Web-Based SCADA systems- Connecting SCADA system to Internet- Gives more functionality to our system- Security issues should be covered

- Using Instant Messaging to report systems status (implemented)- Giving more functionality- Using a reliable instant messaging service

- Using Short Message Service to report critical situations (implemented)- A kind of instant messaging, using Mobile Telecommunication network- Using SMS Server, connecting a cell to PC, setting up a web server and

using WAP


Last words on SCADA• With new trends and technologies of Computer and Electrical Engineering, there are lots of functionalities available, that we can add to

our SCADA system.

• You saw that SCADA covers different fields of Computer Engineering like Computer networking, Control, Programming, Embedded Systems, Operating Systems, Real-time Systems and ….

• SCADA is a very fast growing technology which is widely used in plants and factories and makes good job opportunities for you in the industry, in computer engineering field..


References: Medida, S., Sreekumar, N., Prasad, K.V., SCADA-EMS on the Internet, Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1998. Proceedings of EMPD '98. 1998 International Conference on, Volume: 2, 3-5 March 1998 Pages: 656 - 660 vol.2 Zecevic, G., Web based interface to SCADA system, Power System Technology, 1998. Proceedings. POWERCON '98. 1998 International Conference on, Volume: 2, 18-21 Aug. 1998 Pages: 1218 – 1221 vol.2 McDonald, J.D., Developing and defining basic SCADA system concepts, Rural Electric Power Conference, 1993. Papers Presented at the 37th Annual Conference, 25-27 April 1993 Pages: B3/1 - B3/5. Intranet-based SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition system) for power system, Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE,

Volume: 3,23-27 Jan. 2000 Pages: 1656 – 1661 vol.3. IEEE Recommended Practice for Data Communications Between Remote Terminal Units and Intelligent Electronic Devices in a Substation, IEEE Std

1379-2000 (Revision of IEEE Std 1379-1997), 21 September 2000


Questions ?

Seminar

Documents

Transcript of Seminar