Seminar 5Seminar 5

Eugene de Silva Ph.D. FRSAEugene de Silva Ph.D. FRSA

IntroductionIntroduction

• WelcomeWelcome

• SC300 AU Course – Unit 5 – week 5SC300 AU Course – Unit 5 – week 5

• Discussion pointsDiscussion points

• Seminar Activity Seminar Activity

• ProjectProject

Unit 5 - DiscussionUnit 5 - Discussion

• What kinds of imbalances might affect your region (Note: Please do not What kinds of imbalances might affect your region (Note: Please do not discuss earthquakes, as they were discussed in last week's Discussion.) discuss earthquakes, as they were discussed in last week's Discussion.)

• What people in your area can do to prepare for them or prevent them. What people in your area can do to prepare for them or prevent them. • Give some specific examples of weather incidents that occurred in your Give some specific examples of weather incidents that occurred in your

area in the past and discuss how those were handled. area in the past and discuss how those were handled. • What major natural disasters of the past are most similar to one that What major natural disasters of the past are most similar to one that

might affect your area? Explain. might affect your area? Explain. • Compare your own area's similarity to New Orleans—what similarities Compare your own area's similarity to New Orleans—what similarities

and differences exist between the areas? and differences exist between the areas? • Explain how you think a massive rescue and recovery effort might play Explain how you think a massive rescue and recovery effort might play

out differently in your area, versus how it played out—and continues toout differently in your area, versus how it played out—and continues to—in post-Katrina New Orleans.—in post-Katrina New Orleans.

DiscussionDiscussion

• Q and AQ and A

Temperature and Equilibrium Virtual LabTemperature and Equilibrium Virtual Lab  

Lab is followed by the quizLab is followed by the quiz

Seminar DiscussionSeminar Discussion

The case of your second cousin Tilly, a 53-year-old woman who comes to you concerned about menopause.

• What treatments exist for menopause and how safe and effective are they?

• What are some of the drawbacks to these treatments? • If Tilly has been a smoker all her life, how might this alter her

transition through menopause? • Do some research on your own to learn about why, among

Japanese women, hot flashes are very rare. Why do you think this might be the case?

Equilibrium

• Homeostasis - maintains stability in response to fluctuations

• Hormone balance

Puberty

• A process of physical changes

• Child to adult

• Hormone signals from brain to gonads

Menstrual Cycle Menstrual Cycle

Menopause

• Natural stop in menstrual period and fertility

• Age 40 – 55

• A year without a period

Menopause symptoms

• Changes in periods (they may be shorter or longer, heavier or lighter, or have more or less time in between)

• Hot flushes • Night sweats • Trouble sleeping through the night • Vaginal dryness • Mood changes • Hair loss or thinning on the head, more hair growth on the face• Physical and mental exhaustion• Sleep problems• Heart discomfort• Joint/muscular problems

Issues

• Majority of women – no issues

• Longer life time

• 20% - Intolerable

• 6-7% - Symptoms up to five years

Testing and Treatments

• Diagnostic testing – FSH or Estrogens tests

• MRS scale - Menopause Rating Scale

• Health Related Quality of Life ( HRQoL)

• Menopause Treatments – Life style changes, prescriptions, non-prescription treatments

Menopause treatments

• HRT – Hormone Replacement Therapy

• Risks - Heart disease, stroke, blood clots, and breast cancer

• Prevention – Shortest time, lower doses

Seminar DiscussionSeminar Discussion

The case of your second cousin Tilly, a 53-year-old woman who comes to you concerned about menopause.

• What treatments exist for menopause and how safe and effective are they?

• What are some of the drawbacks to these treatments? • If Tilly has been a smoker all her life, how might this alter her

transition through menopause? • Do some research on your own to learn about why, among

Japanese women, hot flashes are very rare. Why do you think this might be the case?

What treatments exist for menopause and how safe and effective are they?

• Exercises

• Proper diet

• Ambient temperature changes

• Relaxations techniques

• Proper sleeping

• Effectiveness varies

Prescription treatments

Activella and femhrt (PDR) Alora (PDR) Cenestin (PDR) Climara (PDR) CombiPatch (PDR) Conjugated estrogens (PDR) Esclim (PDR) Esterified estrogens and Methyltestosterone (PDR) Estraderm (PDR) Estradiol (PDR) Estradiol and Norethindrone acetate (PDR) Estradiol vaginal ring (PDR)

Estradiol Vaginal Vagl

Estradiol Vagl Estratest (PDR) Estring (PDR) Estrogen Patches (PDR) Estrogen with Progestin (PDR) femhrt (PDR) Premarin (PDR) Premphase (PDR) Prempro (PDR) Progesterone (PDR) Progesterone Micronized Oral Prometrium (PDR) Prometrium Oral Provera (PDR) Vagifem Vagl

Non-prescription treatments

• Placebo effect - Red clover (Trifolium pratense), Maca root (Lepidium peruvianum chacon), Vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol), Wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), Sarsaparilla (Smilax officinalis)

What are some of the drawbacks to these treatments?

• Breast cancer

• Cardiovascular problems

• Dementia

• Mood changes.

If Tilly has been a smoker all her life, how might this

alter her transition through menopause?

• Increase early menopause.

• Reduces the number of ova.

Do some research on your own to learn about why, among Japanese women, hot flashes are very rare. Why do you think this might be the case?

• High fiber, low fat diet

• In take of soy products

• Exercise

Q and AQ and A