Semester 1, Day 4

Cell Energy

Agenda Turn in homework Plasma Membrane and Protein Synthesis,

Folding, & Transport Quiz Lecture on Cell Energy Break for 4 minutes Book Work

Homework Cornell Notes 7.2, 7.3, and 8.1 Questions on each section

Quiz Plasma Membrane & Protein Synthesis, Folding &

Transport Remain silent while taking quiz Keep eyes on your own paper When finished, flip paper over Draw me a pretty picture All papers will be collected when everyone is finished

Chemistry Mini-Lesson: Reactions & Catalysts Chemical Reaction: process by which atoms or

compounds are reorganized into different atoms/compounds. Photosynthesis Reaction

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light C6H12O6 + 6O2

C

C

C

C

C

C

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Cell Parts: Mitochondrion & Chloroplast Simplified Photosynthesis (Plants)

6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

Simplified Cellular Respiration (Animals & Plants) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~36ATP

(Light Food)

Light-Dependent Calvin CycleNADPH

H2O O2

Light CO2

G3P GlucoseATP

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC & ChemiosmosisGlucose

ADP ATP

NAD+ NADH

Pyruvate

ADP

CO2

FADH2

NADH

ADP

Many ATP!

ATP

(Food Cell Energy)

Cell Parts: Mitochondrion & Chloroplast Basic Relationship

Organelle Relationship

PhotosynthesisCellularRespiration

CO2, H2O

C6H12O6 (glucose), O2

ATP Mitochondrion Chloroplast

PlantsAnimals & Plants

Light

Cell Parts: Mitochondrion & Chloroplast Organism Relationship: Why do plants & animals need each

other? CO2 & O2 CYCLE back and forth Light Energy Food Energy Cellular Energy

ATP

CO2

O2

H2O

C6H12O6

Cell Parts: Chloroplast Chloroplast: capture light energy; make food

energy Photosynthesis: occurs only in plants (not

animals!) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 +

6O2

(glucose sugar) (oxygen)(carbon dioxide) (water) (energy)

stored in plant; for plant use or animal

use with cellular respiration

released from

leaves

absorb through leaves

from roots from sun

Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Chloroplast-new.jpg

Cell Parts: Chloroplast

Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Chloroplast-new.jpg

Thylakoid: flattened discs containing chlorophyll Granum (pl. Grana): stack of thylakoids Stroma: fluid inside chloroplast (similar to a cell’s cytoplasm) Lamella: links thylakoids in grana together Lumen: inside of the thylakoid

Cell Parts: Chloroplast Chlorophyll: pigment in chloroplasts that

absorbs light Review: Visible Light Spectrum

Radiant energy (or light energy) we can see Sun emits many kinds of radiant energy

Infrared waves UV-A UV-B Visible LightVioletIndigoBlueGreen OrangeRedYellow

“VIB G YOR” (or “ROY G BIV”)

Cell Parts: Chloroplast The color you see is the color that is

reflected

Chlorophyll reflects green; absorbs ROYBIV!

ROYG

BI

V

Reflects:

Absorbs:

We See:

RED

OTHER COLORS

RED

Light energy the plant uses!!!!

Cell Parts: Chloroplast Phase I: Light-Dependent Reactions Phase 2: Light-Independent Reactions / Calvin

Cycle

Image Source: bioweb.uwlax.edu

Cell Parts: Chloroplast Phase 1: Light-Dependent Reactions

Occurs at thylakoid membrane (Lumen Stroma) Requires light (dependent)

Cell Parts: Chloroplast Phase 2: Calvin Cycle / Light-Independent

Reactions In stroma Doesn’t directly require light energy (independent) ATP & NADPH = energy, but not stable converted to

glucose sugar.

What you need to know!

Cell Parts: Mitochondria Mitochondria: Powerhouses; create ATP =

ENERGY! ATP (adenosine triphosphate): a nucleotide

Adenosine

Ribose

P P P

Break Bond = ENERGY!

(Nitrogenous Base)

(Sugar)(Phosphates)

Cell Parts: Mitochondria Cellular Respiration

food energy usable chemical energy (ATP) Plants & Animals C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +

~36ATP(glucose sugar) (oxygen)(carbon dioxide) (water) (energy)

eat breathe in breathe out secrete use

Mitochondrion

Matrix: fluid inside mitochondrion (similar to a cell’s cytoplasm) Cristae: a fold of the inner membrane Outer Membrane: encloses entire mitochondrion Inner Membrane: forms internal folds; more surface area Intermembrane Space: region between membranes

Cell Parts: Mitochondria

Matrix

Cristae

Intermembrane SpaceInner MembraneOuter Membrane

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC

Cell Parts: Mitochondria Step 1: Glycolysis – “Splitting of

sugar” Cell’s cytoplasm (outside of

mitochondrion) Glucose sugar split into 2 pyruvate NADH (an electron carrier that

takes H+s and e-s) created A few ATP are created

Simplified:

6-Carbon Sugar

C C C C C C C C C C C C

“splitting”

Glucose(6-Carbon Sugar)

Pyruvate(3-Carbon Sugar)

Pyruvate(3-Carbon Sugar)

Glycolysis

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC & ChemiosmosisGlucose

ADP ATP

NAD+ NADH

Pyruvate

ADP

CO2

FADH2

NADH

ADP

Many ATP!

ATP

(Food Cell Energy)

Cell Parts: Mitochondria Step 2: Krebs Cycle OR Citric Acid Cycle

Mitochondrial Matrix H+s and e-s are taken off of pyruvate by NADH and FADH2 to go

to the next step CO2 created at this step Small number of ATP created at this step

+-

H (Hydrogen)

= 1e- + 1p+ + 0n0

= 1(-1) + 1(1) + 0(0)= -1 +1 + 0= 0

+

H+ (Hydrogen Ion)

= 0e- + -p+ + 0n0

= 0(-1) + 1(1) + 0(0)= 0 +1 + 0= +1

-

-1 (negatively charged)

Electron (e-)

Krebs Cycle

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC & ChemiosmosisGlucose

ADP ATP

NAD+ NADH

Pyruvate

ADP

CO2

FADH2

NADH

ADP

Many ATP!

ATP

(Food Cell Energy)

Cell Parts: Mitochondria Step 3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Inner Membrane(Mitochondrial Matrix Intermembrane Space)

Produces the most ATP!

Matrix

Cristae

Intermembrane SpaceInner MembraneOuter Membrane

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC

Cell Parts: Mitochondria Step 3: Electron Transport Chain

MATRIX

INTERMEMBRANE SPACEPyruvat

e

NADHNADH

FADH2

H+

e- e-

e-

e-

H+

H+

H+

H+

H2O½O2

2H+

ADP

32ATP

ATP Synthase(enzyme/protein)

O2

Krebs Cycle

e-

P

Inner Membrane (Mitochondrial, NOT Cellular)

Cellular Respiration Overall: Cellular respiration in eukaryotes creates ~36 ATP

2 from Glycolysis + 2 from Krebs + 32 from ETC.

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC & ChemiosmosisGlucose

ADP ATP

NAD+ NADH

Pyruvate

ADP

CO2

FADH2

NADH

ADP

Many ATP!

ATP

(Food Cell Energy)

MatrixCristae

Intermembrane SpaceInner MembraneOuter Membrane

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC

Reading/Work Time Cornell notes on 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3

Answer the following questions: 9.1: #1-7 9.2: #1-6 9.3: #1-7 Chapter 9 Assessment: #1-19, #21-24

Section 9.1: The Need for EnergyVocab #1

Vocab #2

Important Concept #1

Important Concept #2

Definition definition definition definition definition

Definition definition definition definition definition

Description description description description

Description description description descriptionSummary: Summarize findings in 3-5 sentences. Summarize findings in 3-5 sentences. Summarize findings in 3-5 sentences. Summarize findings in 3-5 sentences. Summarize findings in 3-5 sentences.

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