Semantische Standards in der Öffentlichen … Standards in der Öffentlichen Verwaltung in Europa...
Transcript of Semantische Standards in der Öffentlichen … Standards in der Öffentlichen Verwaltung in Europa...
Semantische Standards in der Öffentlichen Verwaltung in Europa
Nikolaos Loutas, Stijn Goedertier PwC EU Services
Semantic interoperability
a roadblock to the realisation of the European Single Market
Semantic standards and how can they help you
e-Government Core Vocabularies
DCAT Application Profile for Data Portals in Europe
The Asset Description Metadata Schema
Finding semantic standards on the European Federated Interoperability Repository
Reusing semantic standards
Your feedback & questions
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What is this talk about?
Semantic standards are commonly-agreed structural metadata, e.g. data models and reference data.
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What is a semantic standard?
See also: V. Peristeras. Semantic Standards: Preventing Waste in the Information Industry, IEEE Intelligent Systems, July-Aug. 2013 (vol. 28 no. 4) pp. 72-75 http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/ex/2013/04/mex2013040072-abs.html
What is semantic interoperability?
Semantic interoperability is the ability of organisations to process information from external sources in a meaningful manner, such that the precise meaning of exchanged information is understood and preserved throughout exchanges between parties.
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A plant
A plant
Source: European Interoperability Framework http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf
Semantic interoperability requires consensus on semantic standards for information exchange.
Semantic interoperability is fostered by the sharing and reuse of semantic standards.
Sharing and reuse of semantic standards reduces the cost of information exchange across borders and organisations.
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Facts
In the context of Action 1.1 on improving semantic interoperability in European eGovernment systems (SEMIC), the ISA Programme has initiated the development of:
The e-Government Core Vocabularies
The DCAT Application Profile for data portals in Europe (DCAT-AP)
The Asset Description Metadata Schema (ADMS)
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The ISA Programme on semantic standards
Visit us at http://semic.eu
All semantic standards developed by the ISA Programme were developed following a consensus building process:
• Involving international Working Groups of experts;
• Following a formal open process and methodology – based on the one followed by the W3C.
• Foreseeing public review periods
• Re-using existing standards
Core Person, Core Location, the Registered Organization Vocabulary and ADMS were initially developed by the ISA Programme and have now been taken over by W3C – discussed in the late W3C GLD.
Source: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/node/43160
Building agreements
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Simplified, re-usable, and extensible data models that capture the fundamental characteristics of a data entity in a context-neutral fashion.
CORE
VOCABULARY
PUBLICSERVICE
Source: https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/node/43160 Slide 10
The e-Government Core Vocabularies
3 generic use cases
1. Harmonised access to base registers (basic public service)
2. Interoperable cross-border public services (aggregate public service)
3. Interoperability of public data: making it easier to mash up public data
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Source: http://ec.europa.eu/isa/documents/isa_annex_ii_eif_en.pdf
3 representation formats
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RDF schema
Re-uses existing RDF vocabularies
ISA Open Metadata Licence v1.1
Re-uses Core Components Technical Specification (CCTS) and UBL NDR
XML schema
Conceptual model
Re-uses existing concepts in CCL, INSPIRE, etc.
Maintained by W3C (Government Linked Data Working Group)
The e-Government Core Vocabularies
• A common vocabulary for describing datasets hosted in data portals in Europe, based on the Data Catalogue vocabulary (DCAT).
• It enables cross-portal search for datasets.
• As an application profile of DCAT, the DCAT-AP
• Defines mandatory, recommended an optional classes and properties
• Recommends a number of controlled vocabularies for assinging values to properties, e.g. Eurovoc for dcat:theme.
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The DCAT-AP
Source:https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/asset/dcat_application_profile/description See also: http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-vocab-dcat-20140116/
• A common vocabulary for representing semantic standards
• ADMS allows public administrations, businesses,
standardisation bodies and academia to: • describe semantic standards in a common way so that they
can be seamlessly cross-queried and discovered by developers from a single access point;
• keep their own system for documenting and storing semantic standards and still be interoperable with others;
• improve indexing and visibility of their own standards;
• link semantic standards to one another in cross-border and cross-sector settings.
• ADMS evolved into a W3C Working Group note based on DCAT.
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ADMS
The European Federated Interoperability Repository - capitalising on an ADMS-based collection of metadata of interoperability solutions (including semantic standards).
EXPLORE FIND IDENTIFY SELECT OBTAIN
FEDERATION
With common metadata schema
Publi
c adm
inistr
ation
s
Busin
esses
Stand
ardisa
tion b
odies
Acade
mia
repository
repository
repository
repository
repository
repository
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
ASSET DESCRIPTION METADATA SCHEMA
ADMS
The EFIR
• INSPIRE data specifications
• Eurovoc
• Named Authority Lists
• ESCO
• Discover more on EFIR!
https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/catalogue/all
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Other EC-driven semantic standards
Re-use by extension: 3 levels of abstraction
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e-Documents Linked Data, e-Documents (?)
e-Documents
domain models
domain vocabularies
domain schemas
Core level
Message level
Domain level
RDFS /OWL
XML Schema
Core Vocabularies
representation techniques
…
Levels
of abstr
action
UML model
Reusing semantic standards
Example of reuse by extension: defining Patient as a subclass of Core Person
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class Healthcare Domain
Core Vocabularies::Identifier
dateOfIssue :dateTime [0..1]
identifier :string [1..1]
identifierType :string [0..1]
issuingAuthority :string [0..1]
issuingAuthorityUri :URI [0..1]
Core Vocabularies::Person
alternativeName :string
birthName :string
dateOfBirth :dateTime
dateOfDeath :dateTime
familyName :string
fullName :string
gender :code
givenName :string
patronymicName :string
Core Vocabularies::Location
geographicIdentifier :URI
geographicName :string
Patient
bloodType :code
Allergy
allergens
intollerance
reaction
Health Problem
symptom
Core Vocabularies::Address
addressArea :string
addressID :string
adminUnitL1 :string
adminUnitL2 :string
fullAddress :string
locatorDesignator :string
locatorName :string
poBox :string
postCode :string
postName :string
thoroughfare :string
Core Vocabularies::Geometry
lat :string
long :string
wkt :string
xmlGeometry :XML
Social Security
Number
«enumeration»
Sex
F = female
M = male
T = total
UNK = unknown
NAP = not applicable
notes
(EuroStat Standard
Code List)
hasAllergy
address
identifies
hasProblem
geometry
placeOfDeath
countryOfDeath
placeOfBirth
countryOfBirth
identifier
identifier
Example of reuse
OSLO: Open Standards for Local Administrations
• Putting the core vocabularies into a local context – in Flanders, Belgium.
• Local administrations need locally enriched data models and data.
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Example of reuse
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http://health.testproject.eu/PPP/
http://location.testproject.eu/BEL/
http://cpsv.testproject.eu/CPSV/
The ISA LOGD pilots
• Aims to improve the visibility and facilitate the access to datasets published on governmental Open Data portals in order to increase their reuse within and across borders by providing a single point of access to metadata descriptions of datasets homogenised using the DCAT-AP.
• Visits us at opendatasupport.eu
• Benefit from our online training service on Linked Open Government Data at training.opendatasupport.eu
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Open Data Support
ODIP
Pan-European Data portal
DATASUPPORTOPEN
Public administrations should become aware that semantic standards are an important asset for eGovernment systems development.
Public administrations should identify and document semantic standards with reuse potential for developing eGovernment systems.
Public administrations should make their semantic standards open for reuse.
Public administrations should provide their semantic standards both in human and machine-readable formats.
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Conclusions
Whenever possible, definitions of semantic standards should reuse existing specifications to avoid duplication of work and overlaps.
For example, we showed how the e-Government Core Vocabularies can used in many different contexts. • They can easily be extended and integrated with other
vocabularies.
• They can be adapted to your needs and context.
• The can be used both in an XML and an RDF world.
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Conclusions
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