Semantics, technology and linked data in open access repositories on agriculture and related...
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Semantics, Technology and Linked Data in Open Access Repositories on Agriculture and Related Sciences [email protected] [email protected] IT-Enhanced Organic, Agro- Ecological and Environmental Education September 16-17, 2010
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This presentation provides a practical overview of current practices in creating vocabularies and linked data in the area of agriculture and related sciences and also on authority control of bibliografic data practices. Finally the survey carried out by FAO in December 2009 - January 2010 on the state of the art of the use of semantics and technology in open access document repositories in the field of agriculture and related sciences is presented.
Transcript of Semantics, technology and linked data in open access repositories on agriculture and related...
Semantics, Technology and Linked Data in Open Access Repositories on Agriculture and Related Sciences
[email protected]@fao.orgIT-Enhanced Organic, Agro-
Ecological and Environmental EducationSeptember 16-17, 2010Budapest (Hungary)
About ourselves…
Imma Subirats & Sarah Dister Information & knowledge management specialists at FAOActively involved in the promotion of open access in agriculture and
related sciences, assuring the quality of repository content through implementing metadata standards, thesauri, and other forms of authority control
…about FAO of the UN
It is the specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger
acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy
is also a source of knowledge and information.
Semantics & Technology in Open Access Document Repositories
Short introduction about…
What linked data is and its benefits What the authority control content model
means and its benefits for the open access repositories in the agricultural domain
Overview of the current situation of the use of technology and semantics in open access repositories in agriculture
What can we say about Linked Data?
What is linked data?
Data which contains URI’s as identifiers for concepts described in the data and URIs to identify the relationships between those concepts
A richer linking mechanism for the web that takes us from hypertext links (document to document) to hyperdata links (across things that documents are about)…
A term coined by Tim Berners-Lee
So?
TALIS, 2009
Linked Data Principles
Use of URIs as names for thingsUse of HTTP URIsProvide useful information in RDFIncluding RDF links to other URIs
What is RDF?
Resource Description FrameworkRDF is the data format for linked dataDescribes relationships between thingsRDF uses URIs to name things, preferably HTTP
http://www.w3.org/RDF/
Graphically
TALIS, 2009
RelationsRelations
LiteralsLiterals
ResourcesResources
RDF
TALIS, 2009
What data?
PeopleDocumentsPhotographsPlacesJournalsCorporate bodies (Institutions)ConferencesEtc...
What vocabularies?
FOAFDublin CoreBIBOSKOSEtc...
Examples in Agriculture
A I M S
Not much yet
http://linkeddata.org/data-sets
AGROVOC
What is AGROVOC?Multilingual structured thesaurus for all subject fields in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food and related domains
What is its purpose?standardize the indexing process in order to make searching simpler and more efficient and to guide the user to the most relevant sourcesWho uses AGROVOC?Downloaded on average 1000 times per year, and individuals in about ninety countries regularly access AGROVOC online
More about AGROVOC
It is a concept/term based systemAround 30,000 concepts600,000 labels in around 20 languages
A knowledge base of related concepts organized in relationships (hierarchical, associative, equivalence)One-stop shop for terminological knowledge related to agriculture in general
AGROVOC as linked data
A I M S
Concept Based Authority Control System for bibliographic data
Authority Control for Bibliographic Data
Context: library information systemsUsed for: access points to bibliographic recordsCorporate bodies, Conferences, Projects, Journal titles…
Definition: Technique/process of assigning a unique form of name and the use of cross-references from obsolete and related forms
Scope: To bring all the works of a bibliographical entity together in one place by selecting a single form of name
Benefits
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
ExampleFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Benefits• Efficient system searching• Exhausitive search results
It improves access dramatically by providing consistency in the forms used to identify corporate authors, conferences, place names, subjects, etc.
FAODocuments
Food and agriculture Organisations of the United Nations
Search
FAO Authority Control System
WhyFAO OA Repository project → 170,000 records of legacy data managed by a flat (no cross-references) authority control system↓Features of new Authority Control System • Concept based• Multilingual• URIs
ExampleAUTHORIZED TERMSEnglish: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFrench: Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture Spanish: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación Arabic: منظمة األغذية والزراعة لألمم المتحدةRussian: Продовольственная и сельскохозяйственная организация Объединенных Наций Chinese ....ALTERNATIVE TERMSIncomplete form: Food and Agriculture OrganizationAcronym: FAODutch form: Voedsel en landbouw OrganisatieC-C RELATIONSHIPSIs spatially located in: ItalyHas parts: Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension
Methodology
The Authority Control Content Model
It is based on a concept-based systemA concept is represented by all the forms,
preferred and non-preferred, in all languages, associated with it
A form is a word (simple term) or a multiword expression (complex term) that designates a particular concept
Content
http://202.73.13.50:54123/agrovocdevv10/http://202.73.13.50:54123/agrovocdevv10/
Conclusions
Arbitrary Politically sensitive Expensive
Sharing Standardization Simplification Consistency Reliability
But properly implemented, the authority control provides…
Do you have any question so far?
What can we say about the current situation of open access document repositories in the agricultural domain?
OA Document RepositoryDefinitionA digital archive to collect, preserve and disseminate scientific information in digital formBenefits Immediate, universal and free access to information available. Increase of visibility, usage and impact of work of researchers/institutionsImportanceMaking knowledge accessible → vital to (agricultural) development
Survey
WhyObtain a better understanding of the current situation Identify trends and issues that need attention
How30 questions divided in thematic groups web based survey on CIARD ring mail sent to 150 institutions and 9 specialized mailing lists
General Data collection: 82 repositories compiled
surveys Type of Institution: Majority universities,
minority governmental, international and Nongovernmental org
Year of foundation: Founded between 1993-2009
1993 – 2000: 1/2 repositories a year2001≥ substantial increase of growth ↕promotion of OA
OAI-PMH
Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata HarvestingPurpose: To improve interoperability of digital repositories by exposing and harvesting metadata
45% no DC as metadata set to export data→ 55% is not OAI PMH compliant70% not interested improving metadata↓Promotion of OAI PMH
Authority Control
Bibliographical concepts62% no use of authority control when used, especially for journal titles 50% would be interested in applying an authority control system↓Promotion
Software
A I M S
SoftwareComparing with other repositories
Summary
OAI-PMH – interoperability Authority control – accessibilitySoftware - standardization
CIARD RingData collected added to repository profiles on CIARD Ring
Thank you for your [email protected]
IT-Enhanced Organic, Agro-Ecological and Environmental EducationSeptember 16-17, 2010Budapest (Hungary)
