Semantic Technologies in Learning Environments -Promises and Challenges-
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Transcript of Semantic Technologies in Learning Environments -Promises and Challenges-
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Semantic Technologies in Learning Environments
-Promises and Challenges-
Dragan GaševićAthabasca University
Email: [email protected]
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Without any prior vision
the Social Web is here!
What now?
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Topics to discuss about
Semantics as a big promise Semantics and metadata Promises for learning environments Open challenges
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Part ISemantics as a Big Promise
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Semantic Web
To create a universal medium for the exchange of data.
… to smoothly interconnect personal information management, enterprise application integration and the global sharing of commercial, scientific and cultural data.
Semantic Web Activity Statementhttp://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity
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Semantic Web
Key characteristics Anyone can say anything about anything Explicit definition of the meaning
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< musician: Musician rdf:ID="urn:rdf:969914d5ca929194ea18787de32c665a-1"> … <musician:name>Eric Clapton</musician:name> <musician:records rdf:resource = "http://www.guitar.org/legendaryrecordings/EC#urn:rdf:958804d5ca918084ea17676de21c887a-0"/> … </musician:Musician>
Musician
Album
Event
plays
plays at
attends
records
Admirer
Instrument
musician:records
rdf:type rdf:type
<album: Album rdf:ID="urn:rdf:958804d5ca918084ea17676de21c887a-0"> … <album:title>Unplugged</album:title> <album:year>1992</album:year> … </album:Album>
RDF
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The Semantic Web
is NOT opposite to
the Social Web!
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Semantic Web
Ontologies: Interconnecting applications Shared domain conceptualizations
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Part IISemantics and Metadata
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Learning Technology Standards
Learning metadata Learning Object Metadata IMS Learning Design, CP, SCORM, etc.
Why do need them? Improved search and reusability Promising results
SQI, ECL, GLOBE
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Learning Metadata
Why do we need ontologies, then? Not a replacement for LOM Important complement of LOM
Topic Pedagogical role Type of content Type of activities
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Is this all we can get?!
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Part IIIPromises for
Learning Environments
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Learning Design
Situation is getting even more exciting Learning design with ontologies
Good for formal verification Spotting issues in learning designs
Not quite personal information management yet
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Context is Missing!
Andrew McAfee (Harvard University) SLATES paradigm – search, links, authoring,
tagging, extension, and signals Web 2.0 in Enterprise: Enterprise 2.0
Learning in enterprise
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What is that?
Julita Vassileva (U of Saskatchewan) “Rule: hard/impossible to impose hard rules”
Gord McCalla (U of Saskatchewan) Ecological approach – sharing experience
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Context is Missing!
http://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/1023-sb-W3CTechSemWeb/DataServicesWebAppMetro2.jpg
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Learning Context
Authoring
Reusability
Packaging
Educators
ReusabilityAdaptivityEvolutionCollaboration with educators and students
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Learning Context
Authoring
Reusability
Packaging
Educators
Feedback
Learning and Collaborating
PersonalizationAdaptivityContext-awarenessSocial interaction…
Learners
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Learning Context
Authoring
Reusability
Packaging Learning and Collaborating
Community
Peer-Review
Presenting
Administration
Mobile
Educators Learners
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Personal Learning Information Management
Connect presently isolated islands
Students/EducatorsContent•LORs•Libraries•Multimedia•Reuse
Pedagogy•User models•Adaptivity•Educational models
Collaboration•Chat•Discussion•Services
Community•Course, University, …
Portfolio•Evidence•Competencies
Peer-review•Courses•Publishing
Platforms•Mobile•Desktop Domain tools
•Mashed up with education tools
Desktop•Email•Firefox…
Authoring•Word•Frontpage•Reload…
Privacy•Policy•Identity
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“A crazy problem requires a crazy solution!”
(Griff Richards, 2005)
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Learning Object Context Ontology: LOCO
Learning context Learner(s)
Learner characteristics Learning activity
Prerequisites, learning objectives, available time, … Learning object used/produced
Parts of objects and their pedagogical role Domain concepts
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LOCO-Analyst
LOCO-Analyst and iHelp Courses
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LOCO-Analyst
Semantically rich feedback for educators Learning activities of their students Domain topics difficult for learners Unusual performance of a learner/group Use of the deployed learning content Peculiarities of interactions
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LOCO-Analyst
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LOCO-Analyst
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LOCO-Analyst
Collaboration: students - educators Evaluation results show appreciation of
Qualitative (over quantitative) feedback Integrated view on
the learning process as a whole Form “killing” count
Student behavior is already feedback
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DEPTHS
DEsign Patterns Teaching Help System Harmonization of
Project-based instruction Collaborative learning, and Personal learning goals
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DEPTHS
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Part IV Open Challenges
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Challenges
Ontology development Domain-independent
Context, content, design, user model Domain-specific
Domain ontologies
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Challenges
Ontology development Similar to databases –
someone needs to develop Some ontology development lessons learned
Lightweight ontologies:“Little semantics goes a long way”
Linked with other ontologies Friend of a Friend Semantically-interlinked Online Communities
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Ontology Development - LOCO
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Ontology Development - LOCO
Integration is enabled!
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Challenges
Ontology development Ontology development tools
Semi-automatic ontology learning
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Educators in ontology action
IT nonIT Total Tool met expectations Yes 29.4% 30% 29.6% No 35.3% 20% 29.6% Partly 23.5% 30% 25.9%
Text2Onto
OntoGen
IT nonIT Total Tool met expectations Yes - 30% 11.1% No 82.4% 40% 66.7% Partly 5.9% 20% 11.1%
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If we have big expectations
Why don’t we build better tools?!
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Challenges
Appreciation of empirical research Google: constantly measuring everything
that may and may not be measured
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Challenges
Ontology development Different approaches
Wiki-based (DBPedia and Semantic Media Wiki) Folksonomy-based
Solving ambiguity of folksonomies Folksonomies require time and community
Social bookmarking (Faviki)
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Challenges
Pedagogical models with new technology Technology is NOT enough What motivates students to contribute
E.g., present activity, career or life-long goals
Increased interaction and participation
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Personal Learning Information Management
Annotators Tag Cloud
Ontology Visualization
Interacts with(Modifies/Enriches)
Interacts with(Analyzes)
Is provided with feedback(Inspects)
Feedback provisioning
Learner/Instructor Content Author
USAGE TRACKING DATA + TAGS & AGGREGATIONS
LEARNING CONTENT
DOMAIN ONTOLOGIES
Interacts with:- learning content- other learners and teachersConstructs- Wikis, blogs, portfolios, & social networks
Context-Based relatedness Computation
RDF LOC Repository
stores/readsstores/reads
Office Tools
WebBlogs, Wikis,
Portfolios, Social Net.
LMS
Personal Learning Environment
Annotates- tags/highlights/comments
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Challenges
Peer, expert and user retrieval Networks and data are locked
http://media.economist.com/images/20080322/D1208WB1.jpg
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http://blog.hubspot.com/Portals/249/images//HubSpot-Making-Friends.gif
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Challenges
Peer, expert and user retrieval Networks and data are locked List of “friends” is not enough Interaction history also needed
Online presence
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Challenges
Increased usability Context-aware Proactive
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Context-aware Usability
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Context-aware Usability
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Context-aware Usability
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Challenges
Increased usability Context-aware Proactive
Privacy protection User-centered identify management OpenID is not enough!
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Personal learning
information management
More Meaningfulpersonalizedinteractive
socialcollaborativeubiquitous
…
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¡Muchas gracias!