Sem 2 - Design Process - Locking System

D e s i g n P r o c e s s : L o c k i n g S y s t e m f o r M I T – I D d e s k d r a w e r s

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DESIGN PROCESS

Project Title: Locking System for MIT-ID desk drawers Project by: Viraj Joshi –Yellow Batch (UG-Semester 2) Faculty Heads: Prof. Dhimant Panchal

Prof. Arvind Merchant Prof. Samson Mathai (Faculty Guide for project)


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Acknowledgements

Every project of such kind is never a one-man-show; it needs co-operation and help from many people. Behind the

success of this project too, there are many people, whom I must sincerely thank. I seize this opportunity to thank them.

I would like to thank the faculty heads for all their support through this, and the other courses, as my learning through

the year has helped me thoroughly in this course, and for their most needed inspiration and motivation. Also, I would like to thank

my classmates for increasing the competitive spirit, and helping me throughout the project.

Without your support, this project would have been impossible.


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Index

01. Introduction Pg 04 02. History Pg 05

02. a. Need of Locks and Security Pg 05 02. b. History of Locks Pg 06

03. Initial Problem Definition Pg 07 03. a. Design Need (Problem Background) Pg 07 03. b. Definition Pg 07 04. Proposed Design Methodology Pg 08 05. Research and analysis Pg 09 05. a. Random Check-listing Pg 09

05. b. Arrangement of Data collected through checklists and filtering Pg 10

05. c. Current way of using desk-drawer locks Pg 12 05. d. Parallel Products Pg 14 05. e. Research through Questionnaires Pg 15

05. f. Interaction Matrix Pg 22 05. g. User Profile Pg 24 05. h. SWOT Analysis Pg 26 06. Inferences from data collected Pg 26 06. a. Inferences from Research Pg 26 06. b. Criteria for conceptualization Pg 27 07. Redefinition of Problem Statement Pg 29 08. Conceptualisation (Moodboards, Sketches and Illustrations) Pg 30 09. Final Concept Pg 43 10. Retrospective Pg 46 11. Bibliography Pg 47


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01. Introduction

Design process is considered the most important course in the semester, as this is a skill that a designer must have. Other things like drawings and renderings on paper, and visual representations can be done by hiring skilled artists and model makers, thus, design process is an important asset that a designer has to employ at all design problems, in all projects. Design process includes getting inspiration from different sections and aspects of people, nature and the environment around oneself. Thus, a designer needs to be vigilant at all times, and must be able to recall, recollect, and connect things and situations. It includes synthesis of data collected, case studies, and then working towards a better resultant product. It is a cycle, which never stops, as betterments are always possible, and change according to time. A designer, while designing his product also knows that the design is going to set back after a certain period of time, and victory is considered only in the number of years his product s, or if the product stays in the market for the time the designer had fore-planned.

Design Process

Design Need

Design Problem

Research

Analysis of Data

Conceptuali-sation

Final Product


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02. History

02. a. Need of Locks and Security

Since the beginning of time, man has had precious assets and possessions, over which, he showed his right and ownership. A fear of vandalising, others claiming his stuff as their own and stealing was always prevalent in his mind. Thus, man started keeping stuff where he thought others couldn’t find. For the fear of others stealing his possessions, or to keep the possessions for his dear ones, or future generations, man always wanted to secure his assets.

Thus, there was a need of closed storage spaces, which were secure and only the user could open them.

The Institute for Security and Open Methodologies (ISECOM) defines security as "a form of protection where a separation is created between the assets and the threat.” Thus security can be defined as a sense of protection against theft, crime or any kind of damage against property, assets or your state of mind. It is a sense of reliability and assurance.

On a psychological level, humans are always considered insecure so far as their possessions and assets are concerned. It is human nature. Similarly, greed is also human nature, people resort to vandalism and thievery to obtain that which belongs to others.

I decide to tackle this problem at a very small or neighbourhood level, by coming up with a creative solution for locking system for desk drawers in the college.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISECOM


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02. b. History of Locks

Before any kinds of locks or locking systems were invented, it was known, that, in India, there were chambers in palaces guarded by strong and well trained guards. The valuable assets were kept in the chamber, surrounded by a pool, which was infested with deliberately starved crocodiles.

Rope knots like the ‘thieve knot’ were used on wooden chests in Egypt to protect the contents. Known sources state

that the first locks were separately invented in Egypt, Greece and Rome, about 4000 years ago. These were wooden locks with wooden keys.

For safety of the doors, there were bolts. The first metal lock was made approximately in the year 900 A.D. by English craftsmen. With the influence of Renaissance, locksmiths produced the most intricate and fine locks.

The earliest known padlocks were wooden, and were invented separately by the Chinese and the Egyptians in around 200 B.C.


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03. Initial Problem Definition

03. a. Design Need (Problem Background)

The students in the class (Semesters 1, 2 and 3) of MIT-ID use the kind of desks I am concerning myself with. These desks have a. Inbuilt locks whose keys were lost by the previous batches. b. Externally fit brackets, which are very easily to remove, using a screw-driver. c. Risk of the keys being lost.

03. b. Definition

Taking in consideration the vandalism in the class, the need to store things like full imperial sized sheets, drawing boards and small stationary things, and the inefficacy of the current system of locking, the following is my initial problem statement:

“To devise an effective and vandalism-free system of locking for desk drawers in MIT-ID”


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04. Proposed Design Methodology

Now that the problem has been defined, we go ahead to decide on a methodology to be followed through the process. So the following process is proposed:

Data collection through random checklisting.

Data collection through classification of random checklist.

Data collection through questionnaires.

Processing and analyzing of data, getting to know the exact needs of the user.

Redefining the problem

Conceptualist the solution, taking into consideration the form, function, materials, cost, feasibility and other such factors.

Formulation of final concept. Implementation and models.


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05. Research

05. a. Random Checklisting


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05. b. Arrangement of Data collected through checklists and filtering


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LOCKS

Features/Function:

●Locking closed spaces

●Locking infrastructures like houses, shops etc.

Types:

●Padlock ●Lever-Lock

●Number Lock ●Security Cards

●Autocops ●Finger-print Recognition

Parallel Products:

●Brackets

●Padlocks

●Combination Locks

Materials/Production Processes:

●Die-Casting

●Metals: Bronze, Stainless Steel, etc.

●Locksmithery

●Carbon Fibres

Aesthetics/Form:

●Symmetrical ●Round ●Heavy

●Proportionate ●Deceptive ●Bulky

●Mechanised ●Balanced ●Bondage

●Geometrical ●Small

Issues:

●Vandalism

●Loss of keys

Servicability:

●Irreplacable

●Irrepairable

●No replacement of keys


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05. c. Current Way of Using Desk- Drawer Locks

The desk drawers were made around 3 years ago when the building was built, and had the desks which have the drawers that we use today. They had inbuilt locks, such as the one shown in the image to the left. The keys were given to the students, and were lost in the same year. After this, all the drawers were given external brackets, like the one to the right.

Today, we use the same locking system, i.e. the one with brackets. But at the beginning of the year, when the studio was

allotted to us, we had discovered that most of the drawers were those of the seniors, and still retained the locks from the previous year. Now too, some of the drawers still belong to the seniors as they haven’t taken away their locks and emptied their drawers.

So, many of the drawers locks were replaced by us, by simple method of unscrewing the brackets. So, our drawers are never safe, and we always have the fear, that anyone could open our drawers by simple unscrewing. Also, it was evident that good quality brackets were not bought, as we see many of them broken in the studio.


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Also, there is a problem that some of the brackets tend to be between two desks, thus the user has to pull the desk aside in order to access the lock.


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05. d. Parallel Products

These are the available products that are used in other colleges/our college for locking storage spaces. Sources: Internet Rishabh Tukra (NDMVP College of Pharmacy, Nashik) Prathamesh Kulkarni (Gokhale Engineering College, Nashik) Radhika Joshi (CANS Centre4Design, Nashik) Shounak Gujarathi (KKW Engineering, Nashik) Pruthvi Thakur (IDEAS Architecture College, Nashik) Akshay Gadikar (Kalmadi Junior College, Pune) Ankita Chaudhari (Pravara Medical College, Pravara) After the case study of the above users, I came to know that most of them use the bracket system (the one we use in our college

currently, and to which I associate my design problem) and padlocks or warded locks on them. Those who did not use brackets, used the following types:

Combination Locks

CNo keys,

hence keys can't be lost.

DVandalism is

easy, as others might come to know the code.

Inbuilt Locks

CAesthetic,

Centrally Placed,

Vandal Proof

DIrreplacable,

single time use.


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05. e. Research through Questionnaires

Ayush Manchanda (UG-Sem 2)


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Kinshuk Bose (UG-Sem 2)


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Mohit Singhvi (UG-Sem 2)


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Khyati Shukla (UG-Sem 2)


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Zoya Azar (UG-Sem 2)


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Roohi Ganatra (UG-Sem 2)


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Shruti Gupta (UG-Sem 2)


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05. f. Interaction Matrix for questionnaire

Whether they use

desk drawers

Whether they feel

safe

Whether they lock

things overnight

Whether they

prefer inbuilt

locks over brackets

How they find the bracket locking system

How they find inbuilt

locking system

The kind of lock

they use

Influence on buying

the specific brand

Whether they would

have preferred any other

Ayush Manchanda

Yes No Yes Yes Fair Enough

Very Good Padlock - More levers / Heavier

Kinshuk Bose

No. Used to.

No Yes Yes Fair Enough

Fair Enough

Padlock Durability More levers / Heavier

Mohit Singhvi


Good Padlock - Combination Lock

Khyati Shukla


Good Padlock - Combination Lock

Zoya Azar Yes No Yes Yes Bad Good Padlock - -

Roohi Ganatra

Yes No Yes No Fair Enough

Poor Padlock Durability -

Shruti Gupta

Yes No Yes Yes Poor Good Padlock Durability -


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What they store in the

desk drawers

Desired properties of locks/ drawers

Vandalism

Ayush Manchanda

Sheets, Stationary,

Diaries

More space for legs

Desk was moved

Kinshuk Bose

Sheets, Stationary.

Less weight, rigidity.

Lock Broken

Mohit Singhvi

Assignments, Sheets.

Better and more

interesting form

Khyati Shukla

Sheets, Stationary,

Assignments, Models, Tools.

More rigid. No

Zoya Azar Same as above

More rigid. No

Roohi Ganatra

Same as above

Different colours for

recognitions.

Desk was moved

Shruti Gupta

Same as above

- Desk was moved


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Pie Chart representing what people think about the bracket system of

locking

Bad

Poor

Fair Enough

Good

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Bad Poor Fair Enough

Good Very Good

Nu

mb

er

of

pe

op

le

Comparitive study of what people think about Bracket and Inbuilt locking

systems

Inbuilt System

Bracket System


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05.g. User Profile

Users of the locking system I will design are people of semesters 1, 2 and 3 of MIT-Institute of Design. Thus, the following are the details about them:

Age: 18 – 21 Economic Background: The students’ families belong

to a class of higher middle income, or more. Thus they have a stable economic background.


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05. i. S.W.O.T analysis

• Desks keep being pushed around and shuffled due to different events in class, so finding them is a problem.

• Losing keys

• Making an entirely new system, more effective in function than inbuilt or bracket locks.

• Betterments in brackets or existing system.

• Unscrewable Brackets, hence, vandalism can

be prominent.

• Brackets can be easily broken.

• Hence, unsafe to store.

• Secures storage spaces.

• Locks are replacable.

• Locks are easily removable, along with brackets, as the brackets are externally screwed.

Strengths Weaknesses

ThreatsOpportunities


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06. Inferences from Data Collected

06.a. Inferences from research:

Inbuilt locks were comfortable, and many people still consider them very useful, but the main

problem is transferring the drawer over to someone else

after the academic year is over. Most people forgot to unlock their drawers and submit the

keys back, in this way, college has to take responsibility of 120 keys,

which is not feasible.

Brackets placed to one side are not comfortable. They are screwed to the drawer externally and

hence can be easily unscrewed and the

drawer can be rendered insecure.

The side brackets are not aesthetically appealing, their position needs to be changed.


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06. b. Criteria for Conceptualization :

• Locking system must be placed aesthetically, maybe center.

• The alignment must be appealing.

Aesthetics

• It must be replacable, unlike 'inbuilt locks', to avoid the yearly problem of people not unlocking before going away.

Replacability

• It should be vandal-proof, i.e. only easy unscrewing should not open the lockers.

Security


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To expand on the above criteria for Conceptualization, I state the following points:

1. If at all a bracket is a part of my solution, the diameter of the bracket through which the lock can pass should be more

than 0.5 cm, for mid-sized locks to pass through, and should be less than 1 cm, for aesthetics’ sake.

2. If at all a bracket is a part of my solution, the bracket should be placed aesthetically.

3. If at all a bracket is a part of my solution, the screwing done to the brackets should not be done through the outside.

4. If at all a bracket is a part of my solution, they must be of a sturdy, hard and tough material, so that it doesn’t break off at

the hinges.

5. If at all inbuilt locks are a part of my solution, I should devise a system to keep the keys intact for periods over than a year.

6. I should avoid the use of inbuilt locks, or if I do, I should devise a system and make them reusable by different users, who

will use the desk drawers over a period of time.


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07. Redefinition of Problem Statement

Considering all the key inferences from the research done, we came to criteria for conceptualization. Based on them, we now redefine our problem statement:

To devise a locking system for the desk drawers in MIT-ID, which is more secure than the previous ones, is replaceable and aesthetically appealing.


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07. Conceptualization

Taking into consideration all the criteria for conceptualization, we go ahead with mood-boards and sketches, and evolve

different concepts for solutions.

Solution

Replacable

AestheticSecure

Equally important

for the solution.


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09. Final Concept


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Secure?

Yes! If a good quality lock is

used, the system is safe.

Replacable?

Yes! The lock is replacable, and is not

inbuilt

Aesthetic?

Yes! It appeals better than the

brackets screwed

externally.


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• This locking system fulfils all the criteria of design laid down before conceptualisation.

• It is an aethetic, secure and a replacable system of locking storage spaces.

Strengths

• The locking system is not inbuilt, so a the locks chave to be replaced every time the user of the drawer changes.

Weaknesses

• Devising a locking system that could be inbuilt, as well as replacable.

• Thus a locking system that is individual yet same for all can be devised.

Opportunities

• Desks are moved while events in college.

• Loss of keys.

Threats


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10. Retrospective

After haveing completed the design process and having

come to the solution, I feel that more possibilities existed for the solution. I have learnt that no design solution is absolute, and that betterments are always possible. Thus, the design process is never ending. As the solution to the problems solbed with design process is not absolute, the process itself too, is not absolute.

Different experts in different professions use the design process subconsciously, and end up solving their

problems. The process is tweaked according to person, time and the situation or need, but the basis remains the same.

Design process is a guide to the thoughts of a designer, which can show him innumerable creative paths to success in problem solving. Design process is thus the most important tool with a designer, which he can apply head on to any design problem and tackle it.


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11. Bibliography

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=140729 (An article about insecurity in human beings) http://www.locks.ru/germ/informat/schlagehistory.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_(device)#History_of_locks http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bllock.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/outreach/8thgradesol/compoundmachine.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine

http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/outreach/8thgradesol/compoundmachine.htm

Sem 2 - Design Process - Locking System

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