Selly Oak_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Selly Oak Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE

Version 2

Date June 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

PHIT - Selly Oak.doc 2

All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordance Survey © Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918


Introduction

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context.

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward.

• Investigate leading conditions that cause deaths locally, to provide local focus for each target ward.

• Suggest future area / factors for extended research.

Authors Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

For further information please contact the information team:

Tel: 0121 465 2995 / 2999

Email: [email protected]


1. Summary

• Electoral ward Selly Oak is within the boundary of NHS South Birmingham.

• Selly Oak accounted for 2.35% of Birmingham’s population in 2006.

• Children and young people (0-19) are one of the most populous groups in the ward, making up 15.5% of the total population.

• The percentage of Black and minority ethnic groups in this ward is 17.1%, which is higher than the National (11.3%) but lower than the Birmingham (32.7%) average.

• Selly Oak is the 36th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham.

• The latest extraction for 2005/07 shows that:

o Life expectancy is 78.0 for men and 79.6 for women, over the years 2005/07.

o From 1995/97 to 2005/07 male life expectancy has increased by 4.5%. The gap between Selly Oak and England has widened by 200% (0.3 years) in the ward’s favour.

o From 1995/97 to 2005/07 female life expectancy has also increased by 2.7%. However, the gap between Selly Oak and England has widened by 29% (0.5 years) to the ward’s deficit.

o Infant Mortality Rates have dropped by 67.2% since 1999/01; the rate for the most deprived wards has also dropped.

o The leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward are Circulatory diseases (35.1%), Cancers (20.9%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (14.5 %).

• Lifestyle factors 2005/07 suggest that in comparison to Birmingham as a whole, the rates for residents of Selly Oak are:

o 15.1 percentage points higher for binge drinking adults. o 7.2 percentage points lower for adult obesity. o 1.9 percentage points higher for adults who smoke.


2. Local context: demographics and deprivation

This section describes population demographics and deprivation in Selly Oak, in order to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities. Comparisons are made with Birmingham and England.

2.1. Age and sex distribution

The population of Selly Oak is estimated to be 23,764. This represents 2.35% of the population of Birmingham. Approximately 51.1% (12,127) are male and 48.9% are female (11,637). These estimations are based on ONS mid-year population estimates for 2006. The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) shows the age and sex distributions.

Population By Age Group and Gender

2006 Estimates by Ward

Source: Office of National Statistics

383

325

368

844

4264

923

598

538

462

454

370

378

320

347

299

232

236

379

339

369

684

4668

1369

800

579

501

412

381

370

279

286

237

195

146

6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+

Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Selly Oak 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 15.5% (3,691) of the Selly Oak population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 10.1% (2,407).

• The ward has 6.5 percentage points less 'under 19s' and 0.5 percentage points less over 65s than the city averages.


2.2. Ethnicity

Ethnicity has some influences in terms of what kind of illness an individual could develop through their life. Thus, ethnicity analysis becomes a requirement in order to target the health of vulnerable people. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Selly Oak population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column in table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column shows the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, city and nationally.

• Nearly a fifth (17.1%) of the population is of non-white (BME) ethnicity groups, Pakistanis represent 3.72%, Indians 3.82% and Black Caribbeans 1.49%.

• The proportion of BME groups (17.1%) is higher than for England (11.3%) but lower than for Birmingham (32.7%).

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Selly Oak (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Selly Oak Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N* White 82.9 18.8 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 8.7 2.0 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6 Black or Black British 2.7 0.6 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0 Mixed 2.4 0.6 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5 Chinese or other 3.3 0.7 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7 Total 100 22.7 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9

*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

2.3. Deprivation

According to Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Selly Oak is the 36th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 16.121.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Selly Oak is in the second and third most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. Table 1.2 shows the area covered by the ward and population density.

Table 1.2 Ward Area Characteristics for Selly Oak

Area (KM2) Population Density (persons / km

2) Population Density – Working Age

16-64 (persons/km2)

4.25 6880 4112

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.


Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Selly Oak by IMD quintile, 2007

2.4. Lifestyle

Table 1.3 provides a summary of lifestyle indicators in Selly Oak in comparison with Birmingham and England. Data presented here are from the synthetic estimates of healthy lifestyle behaviours produced by the NHS Information Centre.

• Compared with the Birmingham average, Selly Oak has a higher percentage of people who binge drink (15.1 percentage points higher) and who smoke (1.9 percentage points higher) but a lower proportion who are obese (7.2 percentage points lower).

• A smaller percentage of people eat healthily in Selly Oak (23.4%) than both in Birmingham (25.1%) and nationally (26.3%).

• Table 1.3 shows that further information should be sought on why inequalities exist for smoking and healthy eating between Selly Oak and the Birmingham and England averages.

Table 1.3 Key figures for life style Deprivation in Selly Oak, Birmingham and England

Year Selly Oak Birmingham England Adults who smoke 2003/05 26.8% 24.9% 24.1% Binge drinking adults* 2003/05 32.9% 17.8% 18.0% Healthy eating adults** 2003/05 23.4% 25.1% 26.3% Obese adults*** 2003/05 16.2% 23.4% 23.6%

* Binge drinking: men were defined as having indulged in binge drinking if they had consumed 8 or more units of alcohol on the heaviest drinking day in the previous seven days; for women the cut-off was 6 or more units of alcohol.

** Healthy eating: five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on the previous day *** Obese: BMI > 30 Data source: Physically active adults: Active People Survey, Sport England All other indicators: Synthetic estimates of healthy life styles, NHS Information Centre


3. Life expectancy trend There is evidence that life expectancy is one of the most important determinants for health inequalities across the population. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows the trend in male life expectancy in Selly Oak from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Male life expectancy has increased in Selly Oak over this time.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Selly Oak, Birmingham & England

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Selly Oak M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Selly Oak, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 to 2005/07

Figure 2.2 shows the trend in female life expectancy in Selly Oak from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. In recent years female life expectancy in Selly Oak is actually decreasing, although is still higher than in 1995/97.


Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Selly Oak, Birmingham & England

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Selly Oak Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Selly Oak, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

As illustrated above, life expectancy for both males and females has increased from 1995/97 to 2005/07. Life expectancy in Selly Oak for females is lower than city and national average, whilst male life expectancy is higher than city and national averages. The gap for both male/female life expectancy between Selly Oak and England has increased. In conclusion:

• Male life expectancy has increased by 4.5% from 74.7 years in 1995/97 to 78.0 years in 2005/07.

• The gap in male life expectancy between Selly Oak and England has widened from 0.1 years to 0.3 years, which means an increase of 200%; in favour of the ward.

• Female life expectancy in Selly Oak has increased by 2.7% from 77.4 in 1995/97 years to 79.6 years in 2005/07.

• The gap of female life expectancy between Selly Oak and England has widened from 1.7 years to 2.2 years, to the detriment of the ward.


4. Infant mortality

In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births.

Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Selly Oak, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999/01 to 2005/07.

Selly Oak Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Data

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England

M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Selly Oak

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Selly Oak, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999/01 to 2005/07

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 2005/07, the IMR is half that of England: whilst that in the most deprived quintile is about double that of England.

• From 1999/01 to 2005/07, the IMR has dropped by 67.2%. Birmingham’s IMR has also decreased.

• Over this time, the gap between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Selly Oak has widened from 5.4 per 1,000 under the SOA to 7.8 per 1,000 under the deprived quintile SOAs.

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 per 1,000 (at about 0.1 per 1,000 per year). The gap


between Selly Oak and England has switched from 0.5 over to 2.2 under the national average.

5. Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated, in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Selly Oak.

Table 3.1 shows directly standardised mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005/07. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. Cancers, circulatory diseases, coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make up more than 70.5% of the overall DSR. This percentage is below both city and local PCT levels which vary from 72% to 82%.

Table 3.1 Directly Standardised Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Selly Oak, 2005/07

DSR % out of all causes rate*

All Causes 756.5

100.0%

All Cancers 158.0 20.9%

All Circulatory Diseases 265.4 35.1%

Coronary Heart Disease 109.9 14.5%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development

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