i

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the Project Report titled

“ONLINE MONITORING OF BREATHING PATTERN, BODY TEMPERATURE

AND PPG SIGNAL” of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of

Technology in Control & Instrumentation Engineering, from Instrumentation and

Control Department of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National institute of Technology, Jalandhar

is an authentic record of my own work carried out from July 2014 to June 2015 under the

supervision of Mrs Roop Pahuja and Dr. S. K. Phuja Department of Instrumentation

and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National institute of Technology.

The matter presented in this dissertation report has been not submitted by me for the

award of any other degree of this Institute or any other Institute.

Place: Jalandhar

Date: RAMAWATAR MEENA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of

my knowledge.

Mrs. Roop Pahuja Dr. S. K. Pahuja

(Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

The final viva-voce examination of Mr. Ramawatar Meena was conducted successfully

on.................... and accepted for the award of M.Tech. Degree.

External Examiner Dissertation Guide Head of the Department

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and the foremost, I wish to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to my Guides

Mrs. Roop Pahuja and Dr. S. K. Pahuja Department of Instrumentation and Control

Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, for

their valuable advices and guidance. Both were generous and kind in providing the

necessary support and guidance for consistent improvements.

I would also like to thank Dr. Dilbag Singh, Associate professor & Head, Department

of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute

of Technology, Jalandhar, for providing necessary co-operation from the department.

I am grateful to all our faculty members and other staff members of Instrumentation and

Control Engineering Department for their suggestions and constant encouragement.

With a grateful heart, I acknowledge my friends and classmates who help me a lot. Once

again, I would like to thank my family for their blessings and endless support.

Dated: Ramawatar Meena

iii

CONTENTS

CONTENTS NAME PAGE

NO. CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION i

CERTIFICATE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

CONTENTS iii-v

LIST OF FIGURES vi-vii

LIST OF TABLE viii

LIST OF ACRONYMS ix

ABSTRACT x

CHAPTER NO. 1 INTRODUCTION 1-10

1.1 BREATHING AND BREATHING RATE 1

1.2 DETECTION OF BREATHING 1

1.2.1 Using a high precision single point infrared sensor 2

1.2.2 Using pressure sensor, thermistor temperature sensor and a

Microphone

2

1.2.3 Using a miniature device consisting of an omnidirectional

microphone and aluminum conical bell

2

1.2.4 Using infrared imaging 2

1.2.5 Using remotely enhanced hand-computer interaction device 3

1.3 PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY (PPG) 3

1.3.1 Types of PPG 5

1.4 HEART RATE

1.5 RELATION BETWEEN BREATHING RATE AND HEART RATE

7

8

1.6 DATA ACQUITION 8

1.7 THESIS OBJECTIVE 9

1.8 ORGNISATION OF THESIS 9

CHAPTER 2: LITRETURE SURVEY 11-15

iv

CHAPTER 3: SYETEM HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 16-25

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT 16

3.2 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM HARDWARE 16

3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HARDWARE DESIGN TO BREATHING

AND BODY TEMPERATURE DETECTION

17

3.3.1 LM35 temperature sensor 17

3.3.2 AD620 amplifier 18

3.3.2.1 Pin diagram

3.3.2.2 Gain selection

3.3.3 Low pass filter

3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HARDWARE DESIGN FOR PPG

DETECTION

19

20

20

20

3.4.1 PPG Sensors 21

3.4.1.1 IR Transmitter OEP 5794 21

3.4.1.2 IR Receiver BPV10F 21

3.4.2 Current to voltage converter 21

3.4.2.1 LT1006 operational amplifier 22

3.5 DAQ SYSTEM 22

3.4.1 Physical input/output signal 24

3.4.2 DAQ Device /hardware 24

3.4.3 Driver software 24

3.4.4 Application software 25

CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY 26-31

4.1 SYSTEM SOFTWARE 26

4.2 INTRODUCTION TO LabVIEW 26

4.2.1 Dataflow programming 26

4.2.2 Graphical programming

4.3 FLOW CHART OF SYSTEM ALGORITHM

26

4.4 FLOW CHART IMPLEMENTATION IN LabVIEW 29

4.4.1 Sensoer‟s data acquition 29

4.4.2 Calculation of breathing rate and body temperature 30

v

4.4.3 Calculation of heart rate from ppg signal 30

CHAPTER 5 EXPEREMENTALWORK AND RESULTS 32-40

5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 32

5.2 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT 32

5.3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 33

5.4 FRONT PANEL FOR ONLINE MONITORING 33

5.5 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESULTS IN NORMAL CONDITION 34

5.5.1 Breathing signal of subject in normal state 35

5.5.2 Body temperature of subject in normal state 35

5.5.3 PPG Signal of subject in normal state 36

5.6 RESULTS AFTER EXERCISE OF SUBJECT 36

5.6.1 Breathing signal of subject after exercise 37

5.6.2 body temperature of subject after exercise 37

5.6.3 PPG Signal of subject after exercise 38

5.7 COMPARISON OF THE SIGNALS IN NORMAL AND AFTER

EXERCISE STATE

38

5.7.1 Comparison between breathing patterns in both states 38

5.7.2 Comparison between body temperatures in both states 39

5.7.3 comparison between PPG signals in both sates 39

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

REFERENCES

41-42

43-44

vi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE

NO.

TITLE OF FIGURE PAGE

NO.

1.1 Optical property of human body 4

1.2 PPG signal with AC and DC components 4

1.3 Illustration of finger PPG 5

1.4 Transmitted type PPG‟s probe 6

1.5 Reflection type PPG‟s probe 6

1.6

3.1

Area of detected signal with each type of Photoplethysmograph

Block diagram of system hardware for breathing, body temperature

and photoplethysmograpgy(PPG)

7

16

3.2 Block diagram of hardware for breath detection and body

temperature

17

3.3 3 pin diagram of AD620 19

3.4 Block diagram of hardware for PPG detection circuit 20

3.5 General Data acquisition system 23

4.1 Flow chart of system algorithm 29

4.2 flow chart of sensors data acquisition 29

4.3 flow chart for breathing rate and body temperature 30

4.4 flow chart for heart rate calculation 31

5.1 System hardware development for breathing pattern, body

temperature and PPG signal

32

5.2 Representation of breathing signal, body temperature and PPG

signal on front panel

33

5.3 Results of physiological parameters of subjects 35

5.4 Breathing signal in normal state of subject 35

5.5 Body temperature of subject in normal state of subject 36

5.6 PPG signal in normal state of subject 36

5.7 Breathing signal after exercise of subject 37

vii

5.8 Body temperature after exercise of subject 37

5.9 PPG signal after exercise of subject 38

5.10 Comparison between breathing pattern of subject in normal and

after exercise state

38

5.11

5.12

Comparison between body temperatures of subject in normal and

after exercise state

Comparison between PPG signals of subject in normal and after

exercise state

39

39

viii

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE

NO.

TABLE NAME PAGE

NO.

5.1 Status of subject for physiological parameters 34

5.2

5.3

Recorded data of subjects in resting state

Recoded data of subjects after exercise state

34

37

ix

LIST OF ACRONYMS

ACRONYMS FULL FORM PAGE

NO.

SAR Socially Assistive Robotics 2

USB Universal Serial Bus 2

IR Infra Red 2

RR Rehabilitative Robotics 2

PPG Photoplethsmography 5

BPM Beats Per Minute 7

GUI Graphical User Interface 8

EEG Electroencephalography 11

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging 11

FMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 11

DAQ Data Acquisition 12

PWV Pulse Wave Velocity 12

CVD cardiovascular diseases 12

OS Operating System 14

VI Virtual Instrumentation 15

PPM Parts per million 18

ECG Electrocardiography 20

BRPM Breathing Rate Per Minute 32

x

ABSTRACT

In thesis, a device is developed to detect breathing pattern, body temperature and PPG

signals of subjects. This device is „cost efficient‟, „Easy to use‟ and „Safe‟. „Easy to use‟

addresses the user friendly nature needed for the device to be useable by the large number

of subjects. „Safe‟ addresses that device must be safe for the users. Thus the device must

be secured against the user to avoid false measurements. This device consist a LM35

temperature sensor is used to detect breathing pattern and body temperature and infrared

LED of peak wavelength 940 nm at 20 mA current and a photo transistor with similar

technical specifications to detect PPG signal.

DAQ card are used for the acquisition of signals coming from the device and processed

for further processing. A computer based online monitoring system was designed using

LabVIEW, a graphical programming language for engineering applications.

LabVIEW was used as application software in the thesis, allows developing user defined

tools for real time monitoring, data logging, data analysis, process and visualization of

data. With the increasing performance of the personal computer, computer based signal

processing systems are becoming an efficient and cost-effective way of acquiring and

analyzing these signals.

The detection of signals was done in low noise intensity indoor environment and various

algorithms were developed and then implemented using LabVIEW to calculate breathing

rate, body temperature and PPG signal.