Selection of Slides Green Building Summit, Istanbul

New York City’s Energy Efficiency PoliciesAn In-Depth Look at NYC’s Greener, Greater Buildings Plan

February 20, 2012

By 2030, nearly one million more people will live in NYC

New York City also faces challenges from climate change

NYC Projected Mean Annual Temperature NYC Projected Sea Levels

Source: NYC Panel on Climate Change

Open Space

Brownfields

Housing1

Water Quality

PlaNYC focused on nine issues:

In 2007, Mayor Bloomberg released a comprehensive sustainability plan to create a greener, greater city

Water Network

Water Quality

Energy

Transportation

Air Quality

Climate Change

Buildings dominate NYC’s carbon footprint…

New York City has launched three major energy efficiency policies

• The most comprehensive energy efficiency policy launched by any American municipality

• The City launched a task force to “green” the city’s codes. 51 of the 111 regulatory proposals would result in reduced energy use in buildings

• NYC has issued requirements for progress inspections in ramping up Energy Code enforcement

30 x 17 & The Mayoral Challenges

to Hospitals & Universities

• Impacts properties over 50,000 sf, and includes required benchmarking and disclosure; audits and retro-commissioning, lighting upgrades and sub-meters

• Will reduce citywide CO2 emissions by at least 5%

• Accelerated energy efficiency in sectors poised to move more quickly: municipal operations, universities, and hospitals

• All pledged 30% CO2 reductions in 10 years

The central policy addresses existing buildings

The next three laws address the largest buildings

New York has 1 million buildings,

But the largest 16,000 properties (less than 2%) account for almost half of the city’s overall emissions

Large buildings will measure their efficiency annually

Why Benchmark?

• Transparency• Market Transformation• Large scale source of data on building efficiency

Requirements

• All buildings over 50,000 square feet• Annually submit energy and water • Annually submit energy and water consumption using EPA’s Portfolio Manager

Public Disclosure

• September 1, 2011 – City government buildings• September 1, 2012 – Non-residential buildings• September 1, 2013 – Residential buildings

And perform an energy audit and retro-commissioning every 10 years

Why conduct an energy audit or perform retro-commissioning?

• To identify cost effective energy efficiency upgrades• Re-tune systems in an existing building to achieve better performance, energy savings, and quick paybacks

Requirements

• ASHRAE Level 2 Energy Audit• Retro-commissioning according to check-list provided by the City• Retro-commissioning according to check-list provided by the City• Include all “base” building systems – HVAC, electrical and lighting, domestic hot water, building envelope and conveying systems

Schedule

• Every 10 years starting in 2013 on a staggered schedule

Non-residential space will have to upgrade lighting and install sub-meters

Why upgrade lighting or install sub-meters?

• Lighting accounts for over 22% of energy use in buildings citywide and upgrades have proven to pay for themselves within 6-18 months

• Since many tenants are unaware of how much energy they are consuming, sub-metering and providing information can help tenants take action to reduce their energy consumption

Requirements

• Upgrade lighting systems in all space types, except residential, to meet the requirements of the energy code

• Install sub-meters on all floors over 10,000 square feet and for all tenants, except residential, over 10,000 square feet

• Submit monthly electrical statements to tenants

Schedule

• To be completed by January 1, 2025

Impacts of Greener, Greater Buildings Plan by 2030

• Reducing citywide carbon emissions • The laws will cut greenhouse gas emissions by more

than 5% -- the greatest impact of any individual policy

• Job creation • Job creation • 20,000 skilled, local jobs, and making NYC a knowledge

center for energy efficiency

• Cost savings • Reduced annual energy costs of $750 million citywide

Lighting Phase-In eere.energy.gov

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Buildings in the 21st Century:Innovative Technologies and Strategies to Significantly Increase Building Related Energy Efficiency

Roland RisserProgram ManagerBuilding Technologies ProgramFebruary 21, 2012

Building Energy Use in the U.S.…

28%22%

40%

Total U.S. Energy ConsumptionProjected Total U.S. Energy Use

Buildings in the 21st Century Buildings.energy.gov

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32%18%

40%

Buildings also account for 73% of U.S. Electricity Consumption and 55% of Natural Gas Consumption

Industrial / Transportation

Source: Building Energy Data Book Source: Energy Information Agency

DOE Building Technologies Program (BTP) Pursues an Overarching Goal

Reduce Building-Related Energy Use 50% by 2030

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

2030

ann

ual e

nerg

y co

nsum

ptio

nPr

imar

y TB

TUs

CommercialMELs

Commercial Lighting

CommercialWashing & drying

Commercial Cooking

Commercial Refrigeration

Commercial Water Heating

CommercialVentilation

Commercial Space Cooling

80%70%50%30%


3

-

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

BAUconsumption

Current economic potential

Our goal(with R&D)

Technicalpotential

Thermodynamiclimit

2030

ann

ual e

nerg

y co

nsum

ptio

nPr

imar

y TB

TUs

Commercial Space Cooling

Commercial Space Heating

ResidentialMELs

Residential Lighting

ResidentialWashing & drying

Residential Cooking

Residential Refrigeration

Residential Water Heating

Residential Space Cooling

Residential Space Heating

Source: BTP Prioritization tool, NAS, McKinsey.

• Research & Development– Develop technology roadmaps– Solicit/select technology solutions– Solve technical barriers and test

innovations to prove effectiveness

• Market Stimulation– Identify barriers to adoption– Increase product/service use– Work through policy, adoption, and

The Building Technologies Program Uses an Integrated Approach to Deliver Value

Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov

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– Work through policy, adoption, and financial barriers

– Provide technical assistance and training

• Codes and Standards– Establish minimum energy use– Protect consumer interests– Reduce market confusion– Enhance competitiveness and

profitability – Expand portfolio of energy efficient

appliances and equipment

BTP’s three key approaches interact with each other to make energy efficient technologies and practices widely available and create lasting changes in the market.

DOE’s Portfolio of Research in Advanced Technologies –Whole Building Approach

Window air conditioning

Advanced refrigerator technology

Solid state lightingAdvanced windows


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Heating, ventilating, air conditioning, water heating, and working fluids

Building Envelope: Next generation attic and roof systems

Advanced heat pump technology:

• Air source heat pumps • Ground source heat

pumps • Heat exchangers

Low global warming potential refrigerants

Envelope Technologies Yield Big Energy Savings

Pitched, cool & colored: ~5% air conditioning savings

Pitched & white: ~10% air conditioning savings

Flat & white: ~15% air conditioning savings

Cool Roofs


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Dynamic glass: better day lighting; HVAC energy savings, unobstructed glare control

Windows

Next generation attic/roof system

Next Generation Attics/Roofs

• How much CO2 equivalent is offset if all eligible urban flat roofs were white?

• Answer: 24 Gigatonnes (LBNL)– Equivalent to taking 300 million cars

off the road for 20 years • 600 million passenger cars world

wide (each emit ~4t CO2/year)– Equivalent to emissions from 500

medium-sized coal fired power plants or 1,000 medium-sized gas fired

• Example: Walmart store in Northern California

Opportunity to Reduce Global Warming with White or Cool Roofs


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medium-sized coal fired power plants or 1,000 medium-sized gas fired power plants

Pursuing Transformational Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV)

SOLEXEL SHINGLE

OWENS CORNING ATTACHMENT PANEL


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BIPV roofing membranes, for flat roofs, utilize high efficiency, flexible CIGS or thin-film crystalline-Si cells

BIPV roof shingles that utilize high efficiency (>21%), flexible mono-crystalline-Si cells; very-low-cost distributed circuitry at the cell level; integrated micro-inverters

BIPV roof shingles utilizing high efficiency (28%), thin-film GaAs cells, heat management and recovery, and integrated power electronics

Advanced Windows May Eventually “Produce” Energy

U-factor (W/m2 K)/ SHGC (-)

Energy Loss

Single Glaze4.77/ 0.64

Double Clear2.78/ 0.56

Double Low-e

Cold

Clim

ate

Hea

ting

and

Cool

ing

Ener

gy U

se


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Energy Gain

Double Low-e2.1/ 0.53

Triple Low-e1.0/ 0.40

Dynamic Triple0.68/ 0.16-0.44

Triple Low-e Improved Frame

0.68/ 0.44-0+

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Cold

Clim

ate

Hea

ting

and

Cool

ing

HVAC, Water Heating, and Working Fluids Make the Push for Big Energy Savings

HVAC Water Heating

50% to 65% Energy Savings

Heat Pump & Non-Vapor Compression

Working Fluids

HVAC (Res Central A/C (Split)): 26 SEER

Low- Global Warming Potential Refrigerants


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Savings

Manage Thermal & Dehumidification Loads

Info Technology: Sensors & Controls Systems with Predictive Algorithms and Smart Grid Integration

• Goal: Develop an advanced air-source heat pump system with enhanced heating capacity at low ambient temperatures

• Residential activities:

– Develop a high performance cold climate heat pump with Purdue University and Emerson Climate Technologies

– DOE lab project: High performance

High Performance, Air Source, Cold Climate Heat Pumps


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– DOE lab project: High performance cold climate multi-stage heat pump

– Future activities will focus on Commercial Rooftop Applications

• Goals:

– Lower installation costs up to 36% by 2020

– Increase customer confidence with an installer certification standard

– Reduce energy expenses

• Current Activities:

– Installer certification

Ground Source Heat Pump Projects


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– Installer certification

– Analysis and data collection

– 26 awards for technology demonstrations

• Outcomes:

– Industry knowledge improves predictability of costs for future projects

– 26 projects expected to collectively save more than $4 million in energy expenses annually for the next 25 years

Heat Exchangers will Significantly Impact Many End Uses


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• Crosscutting technology: Heat exchangers are not only used in refrigeration, heating, and air conditioning, but also in nearly every application that generates waste heat

• 30x improvement vs. current technology

• Potential impact: 21 quadrillion BTUs or 53% of building energy use

• First application - data center cooling loadsSource: “A Fundamentally New Approach to Air-

Cooled Heat Exchangers” Sandia National Laboratories

• Goal: maintain or improve the efficiency of the HVAC system while switching to lower global warming potential working fluids

• Evaluation of thermodynamic properties of possible fluids

– Predict the thermodynamic properties based on molecular structure

– Evaluate effect of refrigerant’s

The Global Warming Potential of Working Fluids


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– Evaluate effect of refrigerant’s thermodynamic performance in a variety of refrigeration cycles (by simulation)

1st cut-off criteria

2nd cut-off criteria

• Goal: WAC unit in 1.5 – 3.5 kW cooling capacity range with an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 13

• 30% energy savings over current U.S. minimum efficiency standard

• Market & Energy Saving Potential

– U.S. has ~57 million units in use

– Current DOE minimum EER is 9.8

A Next Generation Window Air-Conditioner (WAC) that can Deliver 30% Energy Savings


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– Replacement of existing units with advanced WACs could save ~2.5 quads of energy over next 20 years

Solid State Lighting (SSL) Applications will Provide Significant Energy Savings

Energy Savings Potential of SSL in General Illumination Applications,


21Source: DOE Report “Energy Savings Potential of Solid-State Lighting in General Illumination Applications” January 2012

Lighting Phase-In eere.energy.gov

High pressure sodium street lighting (left) compared to LED street lighting (right) in a DOE demonstration project. San Francisco, California

Working with Industry to Drive Innovation: The RTU Challenge

• Package units like RTUs use ~ 50% of the cooling energy in commercial buildings

• ~40,000 ten ton RTUs sold/year in the U.S.

• Challenge U.S. manufacturers to build and deliver innovative, competitively priced, energy-saving RTUs that meet high-

Commercial Building Energy Alliance (CBEA) HVAC Roof Top Unit (RTU) Challenge


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energy-saving RTUs that meet high-performance specifications:

– Efficiency from baseline 11.0 EER to 18 IEER

– Decrease air flow by specifying variable over constant air volume

– Increase fan efficiency from 45% to at least 60% with variable volume or multi-stage operation capability

The DOE Building Performance Database (BPD): A National, Comprehensive Standard

Energy Performance Forecasting Tool

External

Financial Risk Management Tool

Data Management

Cleansing, Validation, and Ingestion Processes

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3

4

31


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– Common taxonomy: a standardized “data model” to organize energy use and building characteristic data

– Data management: processes and tools to support the on-boarding and validation of data from multiple sources

– Applications: web-enabled tools that leverage data to forecast energy savings and related cash flows. As more use-cases are identified, additional tools will be created and released to the market

– 3rd party tool support: API allows 3rd parties to create new applications to use the data in the database

1

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3

4

External Data Sources

Third Party Tools

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API

International Cooperation: Super-Efficient Equipment

and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) initiative

Standards and Labeling


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Over 50 countries, collectively representing ~80% of the world’s population, have standards and

labeling.

Harmonized Policy Allows Harmonized and Convergent Energy and Economic Savings

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Average Spain Sweden Germany

1994 1999 2004 2009


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Average Spain Sweden GermanyAverage Spain Sweden Germany

Electricity Prices by Country

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TAIPEI 101

Previously the world’s tallest building

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BUILDING ENVELOPE

Non-reflective Double Low-E Glass Curtain Wall8

EMCS Energy Management and Control System

Monitoring: - VAC Related- Lighting- Fire Management- Generators- Tenant Power

Ventilation Air-Con System - Ice Storage Tank- AHU w/ CO2 sensor on mechanical fls- VAV boxes on each floor

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Rainwater Harvesting / Grey Water System

WATER CONSERVATION

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Off hour toilet lights by pushing button at lift lobby

Public area lighting 7:30 am till 7:30 pm, motion sensor for basic lighting for off hours

Garbage chute inlet

Window blinds provided

Pantry with drinking water / boiler

TYPICAL FLOOR

T5 light tubethroughout

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Garbage Collection System

Garbage Sorting / Recycling Station55% Recycle ratio

WASTE PROGRAM

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ENERGY SAVING EFFORTS

System 2007 2008 2009VAC systems

52% 51% 52%

Lighting 31% 33% 34%

Elevators 11% 10% 8%

Others 6% 6% 6%

• Focus: VAC System & Lighting• Goal: 5% saving every year

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SAVING FROM AIR-CON• Adjust public area temperature to 25-26℃

• Adjust AHU cool air temperature to 13-14℃

• Fix VAV thermostat to 23-25℃

• Modify chiller plant operating schedule (for ice storage/melting)

• Modify chilled water distribution according to actual tenant requirements

• Regular cleansing of AHU valves

• Re-fix door frame to keep doors shut or add air curtain

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SAVING FROM LIGHTING• Review all public lighting, no. of tubes

and schedule• Mechanical floors changed to two way

switch• Parking lot lights from halogen to T5

tubes and relocating to proper location

• Refuge room installed motion detector• Staircase floor indicator lights changed

to T5 tubes and reduced no. of tubes

• Service lift lobby installed switch

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Compared to 2007 EUI, 2008-2011 4 years Saved 54.23 mil KWH power = US$4.4 millions Reduced 36,877 tons carbon emission

*EUI – Energy Use Intensity

ENERGY SAVING – whole complex

Year 2007 2008 2009Consumption(KWH) 95,820,200 96,048,000 90,993,080Area in Use M2 318,372 339,707 344,915

EUI (KWH/M2) 300.97 282.74 263.81

Saving from previous year 6.1% 6.7%

2011/2007 20% saving

2008 & 2009 Total Investment US$391,000; Saving: US$1.5 million

2010 201189,858,598 85,103,600

346,396 351,929

259.41 241.82

1.7% 6.8%

18*EUI – Energy Use Intensity

ENERGY SAVING – Office Tower

Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Consumption(KWH) 41,140,800 41,548,800 41,167,280 41,058,398 41,880,000Area in Use M2 141,094 162,866 170,395 171,064 178,131

EUI (KWH/M2) 291.59 255.11 241.60 240.02 235.11

Saving from previous year 12.5% 5.3% 0.7% 2.1%

2011/2007 19% saving

• Public power saving from 2007 to 2011 is 26% !• Energy Star performance rating for 2010 reached 86 !

• LEED – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design• CS – Core and Shell• NC – New Construction• EBOM – Existing Building Operation and Maintenance

2009 version• Commercial Interior• Neighborhood• Hotel

USGBC LEED SYSTEM• LEED is US Green Building Council’s standard• LEED has been for 12 years and took off in 2008• LEED is the most recognized rating system in the world

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LANDLORD’S CONSIDERATION

Benefits:- Actual Cost Saving- Third party verification / health

checkup- Competitive Advantage in Leasing- Corporate Image- Corporate Social Responsibility

Challenges:- Shareholders Endorsement- Allocate Sufficient Funding - Staff Commitment- Tenant Participation- Quality of Consultants

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FOR LEASING

Tenant’s Benefits:- Actual Operational Cost

Saving- Better Indoor Environment

good for work efficiency- Good PR and feel good for

employees

Current Status in Asia:- Governments have yet to

request such standards- Tenants love the idea - MNCs have yet to make it a

relocation criteria - Landlords need to sell the

benefits to tenants better

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LEED EBOM POINTS

1. Sustainable Site 262. Water Efficiency 143. Energy and Atmosphere 354. Materials and Resources 105. Indoor Environmental Quality 156. Innovation in Operations 67. Regional Priority Credits 4

Total: 110

Category and Points

- Platinum 80-110- Gold 60-79- Silver 50-59- Certified 40-49

Level

- Prerequisites 9 331K- Low / no cost 32 13K- Moderate cost 4 600K- High cost 6 909K

Total: 51 projectsActual cost: < US$2,000,000

Projects Identified

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PROJECT EXAMPLESEnergy and Atmosphere- VAV sensors calibration- Chiller plant optimization program- Sub-metering plants and equipment- Implement energy audit and

verificationWater Efficiency - Replace toilet flush valve, urinal

flush valve, install aerators in sink- Alter irrigation system and utilize

rain waterIndoor Environment Quality- Air flow measurement - Install humidity sensors- Install more CO2 sensors

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PERFORMANCE

Energy and Atmosphere (EA)- Over 30% better in energy performance

than average building- Monitoring and recording 40% of total

energy usageWater Efficiency (WE)- Decrease potable water usage by 30% - 625 SM of on-site landscape uses 100%

rainwater

Sustainable Site (SS)- All parking spaces are in basement- 84% building occupiers take public

transportation to work every day.

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Material and Resources (MR)- Waste management program recycle rate

up to 71% - Low-mercury and no-mercury lamp

fixtures with only 58.5 picograms (standard is 90)

Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ)- Utilizes CRI* approved vacuum

cleaners for better cleaning efficiency and healthier environment, an average score of 1.61 Orderly Spotlessness.

- Over 65% of tenant occupied space enjoy exterior view

- Smoke free and applies high levels of outdoor filtered air

PERFORMANCE

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LEED - EBOM

June 2009 LEED Registration Whole 2010 Alteration projects and documentation Nov. 2010 – Jan. 2011 Performance Period April 2011 Submission July 2011 Achieved LEED EBOM Platinum

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Platinum 59 5%Gold 421 38%Silver 365 33%Certified 255 23%

Total: 1100

Existing Building Operation & Maintenance

TAIPEI 101 LEED Certification

- Only 5% are Platinum- Only 2 Platinum buildings are over 100,000 s.m.

LEED EBOM is the trend!

Selection of Slides Green Building Summit, Istanbul

Real Estate

Transcript of Selection of Slides Green Building Summit, Istanbul