Selecting and Organization of Information 2
-
Upload
hazim-bahari -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Selecting and Organization of Information 2
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
1/36
SELECTING AND
ORGANIZATIONOF INFORMATION
(2)
1
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
2/36
(a)
Selecting
Information
2
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
3/36
1. Research Questions
2. Rough Outlines3. Thesis Statements
3
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
4/36
1. Research Questions
- Essentially made of 2 parts;
a. A topic/subject of your paper.
b. The focus which highlight the points.
- A Question- a sentence ended with a questionmark.
- Example; How does indie music influence youthsin Malaysia? (The broad topic- indie music;Focushow it influences Malaysian youths).
4
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
5/36
Study the following questions:
1. What is the rate of unemployment Malaysia in
2008?2. What can be done to reduce the rate ofunemployment in Malaysia?
3. Have open trade practices contributed to high
rate of unemployment in Malaysia?
Q1: Too specific, can answer in simple statistics.
Q2: Too broad, No focus; you may look for allpossibilities to solve this problem.
Q3: Just right. Can easily look for information onopen trade practices through your sources.
5
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
6/36
More examples on Research Questions:
- What are the consequences of bullying?
(effects)- What are the factors that contribute tobullying? (causes)
- How bullying in school different from bullyingat the workplace? (comparing)
- What is bullying? (defining an issue/object)
- How can bullying be prevented? (how to dosomething)
- Should bullies be given a harsh punishment?Why? (explaining and supporting opinion)
6
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
7/36
2. Rough Outlines
Often developed from a research question to
provide some form of organization.
Before starting to develop your rough
outlines, analyze all the information gathered
from your reading and only select materials
which relevant to your topic.
Brainstorming and put every ideas that come
into your mind.
7
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
8/36
For example ;
- Research question: What are theconsequences of bullying in schools?
- Rough outline:
> Anti-social behaviour> Poor academic performance
> Emotional problems
8
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
9/36
3. Thesis Statement
Definition:
- One sentence that tells the main idea of anessay. It tells the argument that you are going
to defend. It states a claim and takes aposition. In the essay you will defend yourposition using examples and/or facts tosupport your argument.
- Can you find the thesis statement in thefollowing examples?
9
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
10/36
Definition
Thesis Statement
Since I was a little girl, Ive always been a
teacher. Being the oldest made me the teacher
and the student of many lessons that I would
later have to teach my younger siblings. Teachingrequires a persons full attention. It also
demands an extreme amount of patience. Being
a teacher warrants a full commitment from theteacher. Teaching is a demanding, yet rewarding
job.
10
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
11/36
Thesis Statement
Another Example
Studies show that teenagers would benefit from
a later school start. A later school start could mean
more time for students and teachers to rest. This
could also mean that teachers are more productiveand could plan better lessons to engage their
students in learning. Finally, a later start in school
gives parents more time in the morning with their
children. Middle and high schools should begin laterin the morning to allow greater success in the school
system.
11
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
12/36
Key Features
Thesis Statement
Answers the prompt
States the main idea in a complete
sentence, not a question Usually at the end of an introduction
States an opinion or attitude on a topic
Does not directly announce your main
topic
12
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
13/36
Key Features
The Main Idea is a Complete Sentence
The sport of basketball.
Why is writing the best subject?
The sport of basketball is an engaging sport thateveryone should learn to play.
Writing is a very challenging subject, yetrewarding because one can express himself on
paper to convince others.
THIS IS NOT A SENTENCE.
THESIS
STATEMENT
THIS IS A QUESTION, NOT A
STATEMENT.
THESIS
STATEMENT
13
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
14/36
A COMPLETE SENTENCE
Another Example
Marcus Garvey and the HarlemRenaissance.
What is the problem with big cities?
Marcus Garveys ability to rally people behind a cause, to
make speeches, and to defend civil rights makes him arguably
the most important figure of the Harlem Renaissance.
The problem of pollution in major cities can be alleviated by limiting
the number of cars allowed to drive on city streets and creating
more efficient public transportation systems.
THIS IS NOT A SENTENCE.
THESIS
STATEMENT
THIS IS QUESTION, NOT A
STATEMENT.
THESIS
STATEMENT
14
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
15/36
Key Features- Location
Your reader likes to know what theessay is going to be about early
on in the essay rather than theend of the essay. Because of this,the thesis statement is usually
found at the end of theintroductory paragraph.
15
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
16/36
Key Features
Location
Maya Angelou is an accomplished African-American author in the United States. Whilegrowing up, she suffered tremendous hardship.Some of her most difficult life events are
portrayed in novels and poems such as, I KnowWhy the Caged Bird Sings, and, Still I Rise. Herwritten works often include strong themes suchas perseverance through trials, love for family,
and passionate optimism.
16
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
17/36
Key Features
States an Opinion or Attitude
A thesis statementstates an opinion or
attitude about a particular topic, makingthe thesis more specific. The writer must
defend or explain this opinion in the
essay.
17
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
18/36
KEY FEATURES
LOCATIONIn America, freedom of expression is a right that our
forefathers fought foe. Lunch is a social time for
students where they can express themselves with
their friends. It is also a time when students dont
have to talk about school. Finally, allowing studentsto express themselves in lunch allows for less off-topic
discussion during classes. Silent lunch is a violation of
students first amendment rights and is not an
acceptable solution the loud noise in the cafeteria.
18
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
19/36
Key Features
States an Opinion or Attitude
I learned to play many musical
instruments when I was young.
Learning to play many musical
instruments when I was young
helped me to become a more
intelligent and well-rounded
person.
This would not be considered a good
thesis statement because it is only
expressing a fact. It doesnt give the
writers opinion or attitude on playing
musical instruments. This thesisstatement doesnt give the writer very
much to explain or prove in his/her
essay.
This thesis statement is much better
because it expresses how the writer
feels about the experience of learning
to play musical instruments. This
thesis statement requires the writerto explain how and why playing a
musical instrument made him/her a
better person.
19
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
20/36
Another example: An Opinion or
Attitude
Cancun is a popular vacation spot in
Mexico.
This would not be considered a good thesisstatement, because it is only expressing a fact.
It doesnt reflect the writers opinion or
attitude on Cancun. This thesis statement
doesnt give the writer very much to explain or
prove in his/her essay.
Cancun is one of the best vacation spots
in Mexico because of its comfortable
climate and proximity to some well-
known archeological sites.
This thesis statement is much better because
it expresses how the writer feels about Cancun.
This thesis statement requires the writer to
explain how and why going to Cancun is a goodchoice for visitors.
20
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
21/36
Key Features
Dont State the Obvious
At all costs, you should avoid using Im
going to write about or This essay will
discuss in your thesis statements. Tryto write the thesis statement in a way
that will capture your readers attention,
but does not state the obvious.
21
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
22/36
Dont State the Obvious
In this essay, Im going to talk about why
students shouldnt have to wear
uniforms.A dress code requiring students to wear
uniforms can inhibit student expression,
quench creativity, and deter students
from enjoying school.
22
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
23/36
Dont State the Obvious
This essay will discuss why teachers should
not be permitted to assign homework to
students.
Homework is a nuisance that causesheadaches for teachers, students, and
parents and should not be assigned.
23
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
24/36
Key Features
Review
Answers the prompt
States the main idea in a complete
sentence, not a questionUsually at the end of an introduction
States an opinion or attitude on a topic
Does not directly announce your main
topic
24
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
25/36
(b)
Organizing
Information
25
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
26/36
1. Writing Notes
2. Paraphrasing
3. Summarising
26
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
27/36
1. Guidelines for Writing Notes
DO:
() Briefly summaries the most important points
of each source by using your own words.
() Omit details which are irrelevant to your
topic.
() Write your understanding of the authors
thesis statement in your own words.
() Review the chapter/article after making your
notes to ensure it is accurate and complete.
27
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
28/36
1. Guidelines for Writing Notes
DONT:
(x) Copying the source directly
(x) Including too many details(x) Using quotations unnecessarily
(x) Copying direct quotations inaccurately
28
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
29/36
2. Paraphrase
Definition: Expressing someone elses ideas usingyour own words.
A way of presenting a text using different wordsand phrases without changing its originalmeaning.
When paraphrasing, you need to mention theauthors name so that your readers know that
you are discussing someone elses ideas, and notyour own.
29
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
30/36
Example on how to paraphrase Original text:
Statements that appear pleasing in one context may beinappropriate in another. For example, women in business areusually uncomfortable if male colleagues or superiorscompliment them on their appearance. The remarks suggestthat the women are being regarded as decorative items rather
than as contributing workers. Ashraf, Learning Etiquette (2004)
Paraphrase:
- According to Ashraf (2004), women in business may feeluneasy upon receiving ordinary, positive comments on theirappearance from male co-workers or supervisors. He addsthat, to these women, the remarks carry an implied meaningand instead of being thought of as productive employee, theyare actually being viewed as decoration.
30
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
31/36
Guidelines for Paraphrasing
Retain the original meaning of the text.
Change the grammar and sentence structure
break up one long sentence into two (or more)
shorter ones/ combine two short sentences
into one.
Use synonyms, passive form vs active form,
conjunctions etc.
Cite the original source.
31
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
32/36
3. Summarising
Paraphrase and Summary are not the samething.
A summary is the reproduction of a passage
using fewer words. If you tell a story about thesame length as the original story, it is a
paraphrase.
It is about one-third of the original text. Keeps the main ideas & acknowledges the
source of the text.
32
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
33/36
Step in Summarizing
1. Skim: Read the text quickly to identify the mainideas & specific information.
2. Highlight: Underline the main ideas.
3. Make notes: Write down keywords/main
points from the text. 4. Sum up in simple form: Sum up the
keywords/points to form simple sentences.
5. Sum up in complex form: Combine sentences
by using Conjunctions. 6. Check: Compare the original text with your
summary to ensure that necessary informationhave been included.
33
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
34/36
Summary Grid A summary grid helps you to organise information from a
passage. Read the following excerpt of an article on time
management. Time management is an important skill that all students should
develop. Daily and weekly timetables are two excellent ways toplan a study programme. Students can use them to managetheir studies and set themselves study goals. A great amount of
time can then be set aside for activities such as sports andother social commitments. Apart from that, proper timemanagement helps students to prioritise. By doing this, theywill be able to concentrate on the more urgent tasks first,before moving on to the next. Moreover, if time has been
allocated for specific purposes, it is easier to cope withunforseen circumstances such as emergencies, visitors andinvitations.
Nandan, T., Crucial Management(2003)
34
d f h
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
35/36
Summary Grid written for the excerpt:
Writing your summary:
According to Nandan (2003), effective time managementallows students to organise their time to complete their study
requirements. It also enables students to juggle their tasks
and assignments and finally, proper time management helps
students to effectively handle unexpected situations.35
Paragraph Main Idea Supporting details
1. Time management
is crucial
-Allows students to
manage theirstudies and social
commitments
- Enables students
to prioritise
-Helps to cope with
unforeseencircumstances
-
7/29/2019 Selecting and Organization of Information 2
36/36
THANK YOU!
prepared by, Miss Wan Fazlini
36